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1.
重庆小南海地震崩滑体的基本特征及形成机制研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对重庆小南海地震崩滑堆积体进行野外地质调查和工程地质勘察等相关工作,阐述了该崩滑堆积体的基本特征和形成机制,认为其形成过程经历了风化剥蚀震荡抛射崩滑堆积堵江成湖4个阶段,其岩体破坏形式为高度破裂或严重高度破裂状态,其岩体破坏过程以崩塌为主,滑动为辅。研究发现,小南海地震崩滑堆积体的最终形成是受地震构造运动及应力、岩体构造、地形地貌及地震波作用等因素综合作用的结果:(1)该区NE向黔江逆滑（右行）断裂与NNW向仰头山逆滑（左行）断层形成的X型地震构造组合及轴向呈NWW向的构造压应力使小南海断块内部发生张滑（左行）破裂而导致61/4级地震发生;(2)该区呈X形展布的3组主要构造节理是崩滑体发育的物质基础,大、小垮岩在地震波作用下最终发生了向山体临空面（约145~155方向）的各自崩滑;(3)从崩滑堆积体中发现的灰岩块石证明崩滑体原始地层中曾含二叠系栖霞组和茅口组灰岩,这为恢复崩滑前山体地形提供了直接证据;(4)崩滑体中堆积岩块直径分布区域沿约150方向自WN到ES依次递减,间接证明了地震时崩滑体抛洒方向为约150方向,且大、小垮岩分别形成堆积区,交叉堆积部分较少。 相似文献
2.
黄土坡滑坡是三峡库区4个大型滑坡之一,因其典型性和重要性,"长江三峡库区地质灾害研究优势学科创新平台"在此建立了巴东野外大型综合试验场.野外试验场隧洞群揭露滑坡结构,有助于深入认识和研究黄土坡滑坡的地质结构特征和成因机制.通过试验隧洞开挖揭露黄土坡滑坡临江I号崩滑体特征发现:(1)临江I号崩滑体滑床基岩普遍发育层间剪切软弱夹层;(2)主隧洞与Ⅲ号支洞揭露滑体特征表明,滑体物质组成为棕红色泥岩、粉砂岩碎石土,灰色泥灰岩、灰岩碎石土,各类破碎岩层,滑体内潜水丰富,渗水量较大;(3)试验隧洞揭露滑带具有多层位顺层发育特征,平面范围与前人勘察成果较一致,厚度在不同剖面处存在较大差异;(4)深部钻孔监测资料显示,在土层与基岩面及层间剪切带均有蠕滑位移.分析得出:临江I号崩滑体是在重力和构造应力作用下顺多层软弱夹层、土层与基岩面发生蠕滑变形形成的,具有多层滑动面. 相似文献
3.
作揖沱崩滑体是三峡工程库区重点勘察研究的崩滑体之一，位于湖北省巴东县楠木园乡长江南岸，距三峡工程坝址83km作揖沱崩滑体东西宽为540－720米，南北长为280－400米，前缘高程为20米（水下），后缘高程为280米，体积淡413．32万立方米，作揖沱崩滑体的组成物质为碎块石夹土，块石成分复杂，局部还保存变位岩体作损沱崩滑体的形成经历了崩塌，滑移，如载和变形滑动等阶段，是一个典型的崩滑复合体，近代以来，作揖沱崩滑体曾发生多次变形复活，是一个不稳定的崩滑体。 相似文献
4.
秦岭山区地质构造复杂、岩体结构破碎、斜坡类型特殊,是中国地质灾害高发区之一。为了查明秦岭山区崩滑地质灾害发育的主控因子,以南秦河小流域为例,通过野外实地调查和室内综合研究,查明区内滑坡、崩塌地质灾害的发育特征,分析灾害发育的孕灾环境。最后得出,长期构造变形作用下的地层奠定了灾害发育的物质基础,多种结构面对崩滑灾害的形成起着控制作用,斜坡结构类型控制着崩滑灾害的成灾模式,构造断裂控制着崩滑灾害的空间分布,人类工程活动加剧了崩塌和滑坡的发育程度,而极端降雨是崩滑地质灾害发生的主要诱因。 相似文献
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巴东作揖沱崩滑体基本特征及成因机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
:作揖沱崩滑体是三峡工程库区重点勘察研究的崩滑体之一 ,位于湖北省巴东县楠木园乡长江南岸 ,距三峡工程坝址 83km,作揖沱崩滑体东西宽为 5 40～ 72 0 m,南北长为 2 80～ 40 0 m,前缘高程为 2 0 m(水下 ) ,后缘高程为 2 80 m,体积为 413.32万m3。作揖沱崩滑体的组成物质为碎块石夹土 ,块石成分复杂 ,局部还保存有变位岩体。作揖沱崩滑体的形成经历了崩塌、滑移、加载和变形滑动等阶段 ,是一个典型的崩滑复合体。近代以来 ,作揖沱崩滑体曾发生多次变形复活 ,是一个不稳定的崩滑体 相似文献
6.
映秀—北川断裂带沿线崩滑体分布规律浅析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“5.12”汶川大地震诱发的大规模次生地质灾害主要以崩滑体的形式表现。选取地震发生的映秀—北川断裂带沿线的崩滑体进行分析。根据地震影响的强弱、崩滑体分布的规模、大小及地形等因子,把映秀—北川断裂带沿线分为3个区域,分析崩滑体分布的微观规律。在震中,崩滑体的分布与地震释放能量大小正相关;在距震中稍远的地区,崩滑体的分布主要受岩石能干性及地形的控制。崩滑体的分布与地震影响强弱、岩性及地形相关的这一规律,对于防止类似次生地质灾害的发生、次生地质灾害的转化以及灾后重建等都有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
滑坡宏观机理研究——以长江三峡库区为例 总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6
在长江三峡库区310个滑坡调查和统计分析的基础上，将库区滑坡宏观变形机理分为滑动面控制、滑体控制和两者组合控制3类。滑动面控制机理表现为顺层斜坡的滑体边界没有明显形成之前，由于暴雨诱发，滑动面先丧失内聚力和摩擦阻力而引起滑体快速滑动．在滑动过程中滑坡边界破裂才发生；其显著特征是没有明显的滑动前兆、暴雨突然诱发、集中群发、单个滑体较薄、滑动面倾角陡、滑动面上没有擦痕和摩擦薄膜，并具有流一滑的特征。滑体控制机理表现为潜在滑体边界先发生宏观破裂，在重力和其他动力作用下发生蠕变滑动，然后克服潜在软弱面的摩擦阻力而发生快速滑动；其主要特征是滑坡有先存边界，滑动面上有大量擦痕和摩擦薄膜。两者组合控制机制表现为滑体边界破裂和滑动面蠕滑同时组合作用，导致滑坡快速滑动，多为可能多次发生滑动的老滑坡。 相似文献
8.
对紧邻发震断裂带的崩滑体进行动力响应分析时,考虑断裂带宏观破裂机制,即带状震源形成的地震动力作用对斜坡的影响更符合实际。依据汶川地震震源破裂机制与其空间位置差异,将该带状震源从发震断裂起破点至终破点依次分段为逆冲震源、逆冲兼少量走滑震源、逆冲兼走滑震源与走滑兼少量逆冲震源,基于此对汶川地震触发的四川安县大光包崩滑体在龙门山发震断裂带即带状震源作用下的动力响应特征进行了离散元数值模拟,揭示了其动力形成机制、触发主控因素和损伤、崩滑及堆积动态特征。研究表明：（1）依据该崩滑体离散元数值模型临界崩滑状态形成时间与此时发震断裂带破裂前锋所处位置关系,可判断其临界破坏是受到逆冲兼少量走滑震源引起的地震动力作用所致,而临界崩滑之前的坡体损伤主要由纯逆冲震源所致,其后的抛射碰撞破碎与堆积则主要受临界破坏时的地震惯性力和自身重力耦合作用所致,但由逆冲兼走滑与走滑兼少量逆冲震源形成的地震力仅对上述两个破坏过程起到了一定影响;（2）该崩滑体在带状震源作用下的动力响应过程为：在损伤至崩滑临界破坏阶段,坡体整体向其临空面发生了较大程度的水平位移后,潜在滑床又向坡体临空面反方向发生了一定程度的水平位移,致使潜在滑体完全破碎并处于与滑床彻底分离的临界状态;在坡体崩滑抛射阶段,坡体滑床发生了相当规模的反方向水平位移,其后滑床又开始做向坡体临空面方面的水平位移并直至其总体位移为0,而在此过程中竖向位移相对较小。对滑体而言,其在损伤、临界崩滑和抛射阶段则主要做向其临空面的水平位移,直至堆积自稳阶段其位移趋于稳定;（3）该坡体的损伤和临界崩滑破坏主要受纯逆冲震源及其少量走滑震源形产生的水平地震力作用所致,而在坡体抛射碰撞破碎与堆积阶段,滑体的动力响应主要是基于地形因素控制上的地震惯性力与自身重力作用所致,而后两种类型震源机制形成的水平和竖向地震力仅起到一定影响。 相似文献
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宝塔梁崩滑变形体位于陕西省安康市镇坪县城关镇菜村的宝塔梁陡坡上,地处南江河右岸。该崩滑体最早发现于1987年,至2008年1月,一直未发生明显的变形。2008年2月1日开始变形,2月23日,崩滑变形体前缘临沿江路的崩塌面宽度由原先的数米宽增至60～70m,且向陡崖上部延伸发展,陡崖不断地垮塌,完全阻断了沿江路,3～4月采取减载应急处理,其后基本没有再发生大的变形。在详细描述崩滑体变形特征和破碎程度的基础上,认为该崩滑体岩体呈散体或碎裂状,碎块间结合力差,属大型崩滑体。采用钻探、探井、浅层地震勘探、瑞雷波测试和室内试验等到多种方法,分析确定了变形体的形态、变形状态及其边界,给定了变形结构面及计算参数,并以此参数进行了稳定性验算。结果表明,该崩滑体Ⅰ-Ⅰ和Ⅲ-Ⅲ剖面处于欠稳定状态,Ⅱ-Ⅱ剖面处于基本稳定状态,总体处于欠稳定状态。研究结果在2009年7月崩滑变形体的复活变形中得到了验证。 相似文献
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2000年4月9日20时05分，西藏波密县易贡乡发生的大型山体崩滑，造成极大危害。在野外调查基础上，运用离散单元法模拟该崩滑体破坏、运动的全过程，此次灾害为扎木弄沟源头的山体崩塌，振动引起沟内崩坡积物发生沙土液化而随崩塌体一起运动，形成高速碎屑流的破坏运动机制，与实际情况较为吻合。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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16.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
Michel Westphal Mikhail L. Bazhenov Jean Paul Lauer Diamar M. Pechersky Jean-Claude Sibuet 《Tectonophysics》1986,123(1-4)
We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies. 相似文献