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针对目前非差精密单点定位增强信息无法直接用于RTK(real time kinematic)相对定位的问题,研究了基于附加坐标约束的参考站非差精密单点模糊度固定解提取非差改正信息的方法,并建立了非差增强信息与虚拟参考站观测信息等价变换模型,重点论述了空间状态域信息(state space representation,SSR)在等价变换中的区别应用。根据RTK模糊度部分固定技术,利用实测数据设计实验证明了算法的正确性与可用性。结果表明,虚拟零基线可获得与网络RTK同等精度的定位效果,从而实现了区域增强系统在非差与差分模式上的高度统一。 相似文献
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在中长基线的GNSS动态相对定位中,随着基线长度的增加,参考站与流动站之间误差的相关性会下降,导致模糊度无法快速固定,定位性能下降。在多GNSS参考站条件下,可以通过自适应选择距离更近的参考站,形成更加合理的基线,以保障RTK定位的精度。为解决换站后重新初始化模糊度所带来的定位结果重新收敛问题,本文提出了一种GNSS RTK实时自适应参考站换站算法,引入原参考站与新参考站之间的双差模糊度作为辅助,从而得到准确的新参考站与流动站之间的双差模糊度先验信息,避免了换站后模糊度的重新初始化,得到了连续的高精度定位结果。该方法可适用于实时定位,能够满足大范围RTK高精度连续定位的需求。利用香港CORS站数据进行验证,结果表明,本文换站算法能够克服换站导致的定位重收敛问题,且能够保障换站前后获得连续的高精度定位结果。 相似文献
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针对GLONASS采用频分多址技术导致双差观测方程中双差模糊度失去整周特性的问题,提出了一种基于站间单差模糊度分别求解的方法,并结合附加模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波模型,实现了GPS/BDS/GLONASS组合RTK定位。通过自编RTK程序对GPS、BDS与GLONASS双频实测短基线数据进行测试,并对比分析其他RTK模式下的稳定性与定位精度。结果表明,GLONASS单频和双频定位的模糊度固定率分别为99.8%、99.7%,其定位精度与BDS、GPS相差不大。在单频或双频RTK定位中,双系统、三系统组合定位的稳定性和定位精度明显高于单系统,其中三系统组合定位的稳定性最好,精度最高。随着频率增加,初始化时间明显减少,为实现单历元获得固定解提供了可能性。 相似文献
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Currently, the GNSS computing modes are of two classes: network-based data processing and user receiver-based processing. A GNSS reference receiver station essentially contributes raw measurement data in either the RINEX file format or as real-time data streams in the RTCM format. Very little computation is carried out by the reference station. The existing network-based processing modes, regardless of whether they are executed in real-time or post-processed modes, are centralised or sequential. This paper describes a distributed GNSS computing framework that incorporates three GNSS modes: reference station-based, user receiver-based and network-based data processing. Raw data streams from each GNSS reference receiver station are processed in a distributed manner, i.e., either at the station itself or at a hosting data server/processor, to generate station-based solutions, or reference receiver-specific parameters. These may include precise receiver clock, zenith tropospheric delay, differential code biases, ambiguity parameters, ionospheric delays, as well as line-of-sight information such as azimuth and elevation angles. Covariance information for estimated parameters may also be optionally provided. In such a mode the nearby precise point positioning (PPP) or real-time kinematic (RTK) users can directly use the corrections from all or some of the stations for real-time precise positioning via a data server. At the user receiver, PPP and RTK techniques are unified under the same observation models, and the distinction is how the user receiver software deals with corrections from the reference station solutions and the ambiguity estimation in the observation equations. Numerical tests demonstrate good convergence behaviour for differential code bias and ambiguity estimates derived individually with single reference stations. With station-based solutions from three reference stations within distances of 22–103 km the user receiver positioning results, with various schemes, show an accuracy improvement of the proposed station-augmented PPP and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions with respect to the standard float PPP solutions without station augmentation and ambiguity resolutions. Overall, the proposed reference station-based GNSS computing mode can support PPP and RTK positioning services as a simpler alternative to the existing network-based RTK or regionally augmented PPP systems. 相似文献
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GLONASS伪距频间偏差难以利用经验模型消除。在RTK定位解算中,尤其是需顾及大气延迟的中长距离异质基线,IFCB会降低模糊度收敛速度,甚至导致模糊度固定错误。本文基于双差HMW组合和消电离层组合,提出一种站间IFCB实时估计算法,实时获取各频段的非组合站间单差IFCB。试验结果表明,站间IFCB长期稳定,可达数个纳秒;在GPS/GLONASS观测值先验误差比值为3：5的条件下,未改正的IFCB可能导致基线GPS/GLONASS组合RTK定位性能比单GPS差。将本文提出算法应用于RTK定位,能够有效消除IFCB的影响,RTK模糊度浮点解精度、定位收敛速度和固定率都有明显改善,部分基线的RTK定位首次固定时间从9.2 s提高到2.1 s,固定解比率从84.5%提高到97.9%。 相似文献
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在传统的GPS单历元动态定位参数估计中,由于先验约束信息较少,模糊度求解和定位性能往往较低。据此,研究了多普勒测速在GPS单历元动态定位中的应用,提出了一种附有GPS多普勒测速信息约束的坐标更新方法,即利用移动载体先验坐标和多普勒测速信息预测当前历元坐标。考虑到该方法进行坐标更新的精度较高和传统单点定位坐标更新的稳健性较强等特点,在此基础上给出了相应的单历元整周模糊度参数求解策略,进一步提高了该方法的定位性能。试验结果表明,所提出的算法相对于传统的无速度信息坐标约束的GPS单历元动态定位算法,其模糊度浮点解精度、模糊度固定率和平均定位精度均有了进一步提高,尤其是在观测卫星数较少、卫星几何结构较差的情况下更为明显。 相似文献
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大范围网络RTK基准站间整周模糊度实时快速解算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
网络RTK是目前实现高精度实时动态定位的重要手段之一,而网络RTK高精度定位的关键问题是基准站间整周模糊度的实时快速准确固定。对于大范围网络RTK,由于基准站间距离的增加,电离层延迟误差、对流层延迟误差和卫星轨道误差相关性降低,导致基准站间整周模糊度不能快速准确地固定,因此本文提出了一种大范围网络RTK基准站间整周模糊度固定算法。该算法首先利用L1、L2载波相位观测值和P1、P2伪距观测值解算基准站间的双差宽巷模糊度;然后采用Saastamoinen模型和Chao映射函数模型相结合解算双差对流层延迟误差,并将双差宽巷模糊度作为L1、L2双差载波相位整周模糊度的约束关系来确定L1、L2双差载波相位整周模糊度;最后采用CORS站的实测数据进行试验,并将本文的试验结果同GAMIT软件的解算结果进行比对,结果表明该算法可以快速准确地实现单历元双差载波相位整周模糊度的固定。 相似文献
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Reliable ambiguity resolution (AR) is essential to real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and its applications, since incorrect ambiguity fixing can lead to largely biased positioning solutions. A partial ambiguity fixing technique is developed to improve the reliability of AR, involving partial ambiguity decorrelation (PAD) and partial ambiguity resolution (PAR). Decorrelation transformation could substantially amplify the biases in the phase measurements. The purpose of PAD is to find the optimum trade-off between decorrelation and worst-case bias amplification. The concept of PAR refers to the case where only a subset of the ambiguities can be fixed correctly to their integers in the integer least squares (ILS) estimation system at high success rates. As a result, RTK solutions can be derived from these integer-fixed phase measurements. This is meaningful provided that the number of reliably resolved phase measurements is sufficiently large for least-square estimation of RTK solutions as well. Considering the GPS constellation alone, partially fixed measurements are often insufficient for positioning. The AR reliability is usually characterised by the AR success rate. In this contribution, an AR validation decision matrix is firstly introduced to understand the impact of success rate. Moreover the AR risk probability is included into a more complete evaluation of the AR reliability. We use 16 ambiguity variance–covariance matrices with different levels of success rate to analyse the relation between success rate and AR risk probability. Next, the paper examines during the PAD process, how a bias in one measurement is propagated and amplified onto many others, leading to more than one wrong integer and to affect the success probability. Furthermore, the paper proposes a partial ambiguity fixing procedure with a predefined success rate criterion and ratio test in the ambiguity validation process. In this paper, the Galileo constellation data is tested with simulated observations. Numerical results from our experiment clearly demonstrate that only when the computed success rate is very high, the AR validation can provide decisions about the correctness of AR which are close to real world, with both low AR risk and false alarm probabilities. The results also indicate that the PAR procedure can automatically chose adequate number of ambiguities to fix at given high-success rate from the multiple constellations instead of fixing all the ambiguities. This is a benefit that multiple GNSS constellations can offer. 相似文献
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针对传统码-载波相位周跳探测方法应用于单频RTK时,存在的对小周跳不敏感、易受码观测噪声的影响等问题,本文提出一种多普勒观测值辅助的单频周跳探测方法。该方法将连续两个相邻历元多普勒观测值与载波相位差分观测值相结合,以构造实时周跳探测的多普勒-载波相位差分序列。然后应用假设检验方法,检测单频载波相位观测值是否存在周跳。实测数据分析表明:本文提出的方法能够准确探测单频载波相位观测数据中的小周跳,且该方法对周跳探测的灵敏度比传统码-相位差分序列方法更高,适用于单频RTK定位技术。 相似文献
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GPSRTK测量技术能够实时地提供测站点的3维定位结果,速度快、精度高,但应用范围受自然条件限制;GPSPPK技术可以克服GPSRTK技术某些方面的不足,其利用快速求解整周模糊度的技术,可仅需若干历元便可以得到厘米级的3维坐标,其无需数据通讯,而且作业半径可达15 km以上,针对PPK的优点,通过理论分析与实践,探索PPK在像控测量中的应用方法,达到提高作业效率,节省人力物力的目的. 相似文献
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随着全球卫星导航系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）进入多系统时代,空中导航卫星的可见卫星数不断增加,中国北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system,BDS）已开始面向用户提供三频导航信号,这都有利于改善单历元实时动态定位（real-time kinematic,RTK）的精度和可靠性。中长基线单历元RTK通常采用电离层无关组合算法,但是该方法将观测噪声进行了放大,模糊度固定成功率随着基线长度的增加而明显降低。提出一种BDS/GPS（global positioning system）中长基线单历元多频RTK定位算法,先以较高成功率快速固定BDS的两个超宽巷模糊度,继而通过简单变换得到BDS宽巷模糊度,然后将其辅助提高GPS宽巷模糊度固定成功率,最后采用将电离层延迟误差参数化的策略以提高BDS/GPS窄巷模糊度固定成功率。结合实测数据进行验证分析,结果表明本文算法是可行的。 相似文献
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针对常规实时动态（RTK）定位技术中长基线初始化时间较长、定位结果不稳定的问题,提出了一种基于部分模糊度固定策略的BDS/GPS宽巷卡尔曼滤波RTK定位方法,从充分发挥宽巷观测值波长较长和宽巷模糊度易于固定的优势,避免低高度角卫星对模糊度解算的影响,从而提高中长基线情况下的模糊度固定率. 同时采用附加宽巷模糊度参数的卡尔曼滤波方法计算浮点解,以固定高于设置模糊度解算截止高度角的卫星进行定位,并解算电离层活动较剧烈的25~76 km的中长基线. 通过3组试验,结果表明,BDS/GPS双系统联合定位宽巷模糊度固定率均接近100%,76 km基线模糊度固定率达到99.9%,定位精度达到厘米级或准厘米级. 相似文献
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Double-differenced (DD) ambiguities between overlapping frequencies from different GNSS constellations can be fixed to integers if the associated differential inter-system biases (DISBs) are well known. In this case, only one common pivot satellite is sufficient for inter-system ambiguity resolution. This will be beneficial to ambiguity resolution (AR) and real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning especially when only a few satellites are observed. However, for GPS and current operational BDS-2, there are no overlapping frequencies. Due to the influence of different frequencies, the inter-system DD ambiguities still cannot be fixed to integers even if the DISBs are precisely known. In this contribution, we present an inter-system differencing model for combined GPS and BDS single-frequency RTK positioning through real-time estimation of DISBs. The stability of GPS L1 and BDS B1 DISBs is analyzed with different receiver types. Along with parameterization and using the short-term stability of DISBs, the DD ambiguities between GPS and BDS pivot satellites and the between-receiver single-difference ambiguity of the GPS pivot satellite can be estimable jointly with the differential phase DISB term from epoch to epoch. Then the inter-system differencing model can benefit from the near time-constant DISB parameters and thus has better multi-epoch positioning performance than the classical intra-system differencing model. The combined GPS and BDS single-frequency RTK positioning performance is evaluated with various simulated satellite visibilities. It will be shown that compared with the classical intra-system differencing model, the proposed model can effectively improve the positioning accuracy and reliability, especially for severely obstructed situations with only a few satellites observed. 相似文献
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长距离网络RTK是实现GPS/BDS高精度实时定位的主要手段之一,其核心是长距离参考站网GPS/BDS整周模糊度的快速准确确定。本文提出了一种长距离GPS/BDS参考站网载波相位整周模糊度解算方法,首先利用GPS双频观测数据计算和确定宽巷整周模糊度,同时利用BDS的B2、B3频率观测值确定超宽巷整周模糊度。然后建立GPS载波相位整周模糊度和大气延迟误差的参数估计模型,附加双差宽巷整周模糊度的约束,解算双差载波相位整周模糊度,并建立参考站网大气延迟误差的空间相关模型。根据B2、B3频率的超宽巷整周模糊度建立包含大气误差参数的载波相位整周模糊度解算模型,利用大气延迟误差空间相关模型约束BDS双差载波相位整周模糊度的解算。克服了传统的使用无电离层组合值解算整周模糊度的不利影响。采用实测长距离CORS网GPS、BDS多频观测数据进行算法验证,试验结果证明该方法可实现长距离参考站网GPS/BDS载波相位整周模糊度的准确固定。 相似文献
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Carrier phase ambiguity resolution on the fly is investigated using two receiver technologies, namely dual-frequency P code and high performance, single frequency, C/A code receivers. Both receiver types were used simultaneously in a series of land kinematic trials. A least-squares search technique is used to find the correct double difference carrier phase ambiguities. Both C/A and single frequency P code technologies are found to be equivalent and capable of resolving the integer ambiguities on the fly using some 30 to 200 seconds of data under benign multipath conditions. Successful ambiguity resolution on the fly results in cm-level accuracy kinematic positioning. The ambiguity resolution time required and success rate are however found to be strongly dependent on the level of carrier phase multipath and, as a consequence, on the error variance assigned to the carrier phase measurements. The use of widelaning with the dual frequency P code results in ambiguity resolution in seconds. The performance of widelaning is also superior in a comparatively high carrier phase multipath environment. 相似文献
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Mª Selmira Garrido Elena GiménezMª Clara de Lacy Antonio J. Gil 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Precise GNSS-based differential positioning in real time is usually known as the real-time kinematics (RTK) technique. RTK reduces the effects of orbit errors and ionospheric and tropospheric refraction by forming differences between the observables (e.g. double-differences). These effects, however, grow with increasing baseline length, although the use of corrections generated in real-time from an active GNSS network allows these distance-dependent errors to be reduced. This technology increases the reliability of the system and thereby the accuracy of real-time positioning. In this study, the test results of RTK positioning at different test points located in the border area between the Autonomous Communities of the Region of Murcia and the Community of Valencia, in SE Spain, are presented. The analysis is based on three GNSS local active networks present in this border area, namely MERISTEMUM, REGAM and ERVA networks. Test measurements with RTK rover were performed in this region in order to analyze the real-time services offered by these three networks. Moreover, precise coordinates for each test point were determined using Bernese 5.0. The results confirm that it is possible to achieve centimetre-scale accuracy with RTK positioning based on the networks studied, even in border regions. 相似文献
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