共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Agricultural climatic resources （such as light,temperature,and water） are environmental factors that affect crop productivity.Predicting the effects of climate change on agricultural climatic resource utilization can provide a theoretical basis for adapting agricultural practices and distributions of agricultural production.This study investigates these effects under the IPCC （Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change） scenario A1B using daily data from the high-resolution RegCM3 （0.25° ×0.25°） during 1951-2100.Model outputs are adjusted using corrections derived from daily observational data taken at 101 meteorological stations in Northeast China between 1971 and 2000.Agricultural climatic suitability theory is used to assess demand for agricultural climatic resources in Northeast China during the cultivation of spring maize.Three indices,i.e.,an average resource suitability index （Isr）,an average efficacy suitability index （Ise）,and an average resource utilization index （K）,are defined to quantitatively evaluate the effects of climate change on climatic resource utilization between 1951 and 2100.These indices change significantly in both temporal and spatial dimensions in Northeast China under global warming.All three indices are projected to decrease in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2100,with particularly sharp declines in Isr,Ise,and K after 2030,2021,and 2011,respectively.In Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces,Isr is projected to increase slightly after 2011,while Ise increases slightly and K decreases slightly after 2030.The spatial maxima of all three indices are projected to shift northeastward.Overall,warming of the climate in Northeast China is expected to negatively impact spring maize production,especially in Liaoning Province.Spring maize cultivation will likely need to shift northward and expand eastward to make efficient use of future agricultural climatic resources. 相似文献
2.
安徽淮北平原冬小麦气候适宜度分析及作物年景评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取安徽省淮北平原37个气象站1960-2016年逐日气象资料,构建气温、降水、日照及气候适宜度模型,分析气候变暖背景下冬小麦气候适宜度时空演变特征,揭示冬小麦生育期气候风险,评判农业气候年景。结果表明：淮北平原冬小麦不同生育期对气候因子适宜程度不同,单要素各生育期适宜度均为灌浆-乳熟期较高,返青-拔节期较低,其中降水适宜度分蘖期最低;全生育期温度适宜度最高、日照适宜度次之、降水适宜度最低,水分是冬小麦生长的限制因子。气候综合适宜度灌浆-乳熟期最高,分蘖期降水适宜度最低,并且其序列变异系数大,常遭遇秋冬连旱,引起产量波动;全生育期气候适宜度呈东高西低分布,淮北中东部较高,而淮北西部及沿淮地区较低,冬小麦生产风险相对较高。1961-2016年全生育期温度适宜度线性增大趋势显著,降水适宜度线性趋势不明显,而日照适宜度呈显著的线性减小趋势;综合来看,全生育期气候适宜度无明显线性增减趋势,空间上淮北东部略有增大,而西部及沿淮地区略有减小,气候风险增加。淮北平原多数年份气候适宜度适中,适宜性偏差年发生概率高于偏好年。基于气候适宜度评判冬小麦气候年景等级,评估结果与实际产量增减情况基本相符,表明农业气候年景模型评估精度能满足业务服务需求,具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
3.
Scenario Analysis on the Adaptation of Different Maize Varieties to Future Climate Change in Northeast China 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Based on gridded meteorological data for the period 1981–2100 from the RegCM3 regional model, the changing trends of climatic resources in Northeast China are analyzed, and the distributions of maize varieties are accordingly adjusted. In order to explore the effects of different adaptation countermeasures on climatic productivity and meteorological suitability in the future, maize cultivars with resistance to high temperatures and/or drought are selected. The results show that, in the future, there is likely to be a significant increase in thermal resources, and potential atmospheric evaporation will increase correspondingly.Meanwhile, radiation is predicted to increase significantly during 2041–2070 in the growing season. However, changes in precipitation are unlikely to be sufficient enough to offset the intensification in atmospheric evaporation caused by the temperature increase. Water resources and high temperatures are found to be the two major factors constraining grain yield. The results also show that the warming climate will be favorable for maize production where thermal resources are already limited, such as in central and northern Heilongjiang Province and eastern Jilin Province; while in areas that are already relatively warm, such as Liaoning Province, climatic productivity will be reduced. The climatic productivity and the meteorological suitability of maize are found to improve when the planting of resistant varieties is modeled. The utilization of agricultural climatic resources through the adaptation countermeasures of maize varieties is to increase obviously with time. Specifically, maize with drought-resistant properties will have a marked influence on meteorological suitability during 2011–2070, with suitable areas expanding. During 2071–2100, those maize varieties with their upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 2℃, or water requirement reduced to 94%, or upper limit of optimum temperature and maximum temperature increased by 1℃ and water requirement reduced to 98%, all exhibit significant differences in climatic potential productivity, compared to the present-day varieties. The meteorological suitability of maize is predicted to increase in some parts of Heilongjiang Provine, with the eastern boundary of the "unavailable" area shifting westward. 相似文献
4.
Climate change is causing important shifts in the suitability of regions for wine production. Fine scale mapping of these shifts helps us to understand the evolution of vineyard climates, and to find solutions through viticultural adaptation. The aim of this study is to identify and map the structural and spatial shifts that occurred in the climatic suitability for wine production of the Cotnari wine growing region (Romania) between 1961 and 2013. Discontinuities in trends of temperature were identified, and the averages and trends of 13 climatic parameters for the 1961 to 1980 and 1981 to 2013 time periods were analysed. Using the averages of these climatic parameters, climate suitability for wine production was calculated at a resolution of 30 m and mapped for each time period, and the changes analysed. The results indicate shifts in the area’s historic climatic profile, due to an increase of heliothermal resources and precipitation constancy. The area’s climate suitability for wine production was modified by the loss of climate suitability for white table wines, sparkling wines and wine for distillates; shifts in suitability to higher altitudes by about 67 m, and a 48.6% decrease in the area suitable for quality white wines; and the occurrence of suitable climates for red wines at lower altitudes. The study showed that climate suitability for wine production has a multi-level spatial structure, with classes requiring a cooler climate being located at a higher altitude than those requiring a warmer climate. Climate change has therefore resulted in the shift of climate suitability classes for wine production to higher altitudes. 相似文献
5.
河南省夏玉米气候适宜度评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为定量评价气象条件对作物生长及产量形成的影响,本文依据夏玉米不同发育阶段上限温度、最适温度、下限温度、需水量、需光性等生物学指标,构建了河南省夏玉米气候适宜度评价模型。通过对13个代表站30 a全生育期气候适宜度和相对气象产量进行相关分析,表明该模型能较好地反映河南省夏玉米的气候适宜水平及其动态变化。利用检验后的模型计算了河南省67个站1981-2011年夏玉米生长季单因子及综合气候适宜度,结果表明河南省夏玉米大部分生育期光热资源较适宜,能满足玉米生长所需,仅在灌浆后期略显不足,降水是影响夏玉米产量形成的主要限制因子,且降水适宜度年际变化幅度大于日照和温度。综合气候适宜度年际波动表现为抽雄—乳熟期〉出苗—抽雄期〉全生育期。空间分布上气候适宜度呈自西北向东南方向的递增趋势,适宜度高值区分布在南阳东部及驻马店部分地区。 相似文献
6.
7.
为探究气候变化对南方柑橘种植气候适宜性的影响,基于气候适宜度函数建立柑橘发育期温度、降水、日照以及综合适宜度模型,对南方柑橘种植区近60年（1960—2019年）361个气象站观测数据进行精细化插值（Anusplin插值）并计算气候适宜度,采用自然断点法分4个等级对柑橘种植区进行气候区划,并分前、后30年对比分析研究区气候资源及适宜度的空间变化特征。结果表明:与前30年相比,后30年的温度适宜度并未出现较大变化,降水适宜度低值区有所扩大,日照适宜度低值区有所减小;柑橘最适宜种植区主要集中于四川东部、云南南部、重庆西北部、广西、湖北大部分区域;最适宜种植区面积减小约29%,不适宜种植区面积扩大约34%。经高温热害及低温冻害概率空间分布验证,区划结果的准确性较高,可以用于指导和优化柑橘种植及生产实践。 相似文献
8.
夏玉米是河北省主要粮食作物之一, 其生长发育及产量形成受气象条件影响很大, 开展玉米产量动态预报对河北省农业生产和粮食安全具有重要意义。该文结合夏玉米生理特性, 建立了夏玉米气候适宜度模型, 利用此模型借助于SPSS统计软件, 计算了1972—2005年河北省8个市夏玉米生育期内逐旬气候适宜度, 以此为基础, 建立了河北省8个市夏玉米不同时段产量预报模型。结果表明:夏玉米气候适宜度与产量相关显著; 1972—2005年历史预报检验和2006—2007年预报试验平均准确率分别为88.8%和96.8%, 能够满足业务服务需要。 相似文献
9.
灌水量和气温对玉米生物耗水及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了掌握玉米适宜灌水量,以石羊河流域武威荒漠生态和农业气象试验站为试验地点,按照常规灌水方式设计玉米全生育期灌水量3 750 m3·hm-2、4 500 m3·hm-2、5 250 m3·hm-2、6 000 m3·hm-24种处理,并按1∶1.5∶1∶1比例分4次灌溉,采用水量平衡法计算玉米不同生育阶段的耗水量,分析研究不同灌水处理对玉米产量的影响。结果表明:在相同气候年景下,不同灌水条件对玉米发育期影响不明显;在玉米生物耗水过程中,气温升高耗水量增加,气温升高1℃,耗水量增加124mm;玉米全生育期耗水量呈抛物线变化,峰值出现在拔节至抽雄期间,此期间也正是耗水量影响玉米产量最敏感的时期,期间耗水量每增加1 mm,玉米产量增加0.33 kg·hm-2;不同灌水处理情景下,水分利用率以灌水量为5 250 m3·hm-2最高,可达34.7 kg·hm-2·mm-1,故该灌水量可视为当地适宜灌水量。 相似文献
10.
Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire are the world’s leading cocoa (Thebroma cacao) producing countries; together they produce 53 % of the world’s cocoa. Cocoa contributes 7.5 % of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Côte d’Ivoire and 3.4 % of that of Ghana and is an important cash crop for the rural population in the forest zones of these countries. If progressive climate change affected the climatic suitability for cocoa in West Africa, this would have implications for global cocoa output as well as the national economies and farmer livelihoods, with potential repercussions for forests and natural habitat as cocoa growing regions expand, shrink or shift. The objective of this paper is to present future climate scenarios for the main cocoa growing regions of Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire and to predict their impact on the relative suitability of these regions for growing cocoa. These analyses are intended to support the respective countries and supply chain actors in developing strategies for reducing the vulnerability of the cocoa sector to climate change. Based on the current distribution of cocoa growing areas and climate change predictions from 19 Global Circulation Models, we predict changes in relative climatic suitability for cocoa for 2050 using an adapted MAXENT model. According to the model, some current cocoa producing areas will become unsuitable (Lagunes and Sud-Comoe in Côte d’Ivoire) requiring crop change, while other areas will require adaptations in agronomic management, and in yet others the climatic suitability for growing cocoa will increase (Kwahu Plateu in Ghana and southwestern Côte d’Ivoire). We recommend the development of site-specific strategies to reduce the vulnerability of cocoa farmers and the sector to future climate change. 相似文献
11.
从气候角度分析黔东南州种植蜂糖李适宜性,为蜂糖李种植选址提供气候可行性依据。利用2011-2020年黔东南州200个区域气象站资料和蜂糖李品质最优的产地贵州省安顺市镇宁县六马镇区域气象站资料,用数理统计方法,计算黔东南州200个乡镇与六马镇气温、降水和日照气候指标相对应的气候值,利用适宜度模型计算各乡镇气候适宜度。结果表明：黔东南州有37.5%的乡镇处于蜂糖李种植气候适宜区,没有气候最适宜区域;蜂糖李开花坐果期的气候适宜度低于萌芽、果实生长以及果实成熟期,是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的关键期;气温综合适宜度＞日照综合适宜度＞降水综合适宜度,开花坐果期阶段性持续低温、雨日多、日照少是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的主要气候要素。黔东南州地形起伏大,气候差异明显,蜂糖李种植要根据当地地形和气候要素情况,选择日照多、雨日少、气温高、向阳、开阔等区域开展种植。 相似文献
12.
基于气候适宜度的夏玉米发育期模拟模型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
结合前人气候适宜度的研究成果,以作物生理生态发育过程为基础,构建了夏玉米发育期预报模型。模型中分别建立了夏玉米温度、降水、日照时数适宜度函数,并结合河南省19个农业气象试验站的夏玉米发育期资料,运用通径分析法确定各个生育期温度、降水和日照的影响权重系数,计算出综合适宜度,用来预测夏玉米生育期。结果表明,模型能够较好地预测各个发育期(出苗、七叶、拔节、抽雄、乳熟和成熟)。建模资料的模拟值与观测值比较的均方根误差分别为1.5、3.1、3.4、2.9、4.0、4.5 d。运用独立资料对模型所作预测值的均方根误差在1.0~4.6 d之间。 相似文献
13.
为探求未来气候变化对我国东北玉米品种布局的影响,基于玉米生产潜力和气候资源利用率,结合区域气候模式输出的2011—2099年RCP_4.5,RCP_8.5两种气候背景气象资料和1961—2010年我国东北地区91个气象站的观测数据,分析了未来气候变化情况下,东北玉米品种布局、生产潜力、气候资源利用率的时空变化。结果表明:未来东北地区玉米可种植边界北移东扩,南部为晚熟品种,新扩展区域以早熟品种为主,不能种植区域减少。未来玉米生产潜力为南高北低,增加速率均高于历史情景,水分适宜度最低,而历史情景下温度是胁迫玉米生产的关键因子。未来东北玉米对气候资源利用率整体下降,其中RCP8.5情景利用率最低。 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
吉林省是全国主要的水稻产区之一,研究水稻延迟型冷害发生规律及风险性,对于防御冷害和保证水稻安全生产意义重大。基于1961-2008年吉林省46站平均气温资料,建立包括生长季热量变异系数、冷害发生频率、冷害风险指数和冷害发生气候概率4个指标在内的指标体系,对水稻延迟型低温冷害风险进行评估。将4个评价指标进行极差标准化,采用等权重求平均,得到水稻低温冷害气候风险综合指标;将吉林省划分成高、次高、中等、次低和低5个水稻延迟型低温冷害气候风险区域。结果表明：吉林省的东部延边、白山多数地区低温冷害的风险性较大;西部地区大部、四平大部和通化南部低温冷害的风险性较小。 相似文献
17.
中国葡萄气候区划探讨 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据葡萄的生物学特性及其对气候条件的要求,在全国范围内选取８３个站点,按照９个农业气候指标,利用模糊聚类的数学方法,将全国划分为６个不同的葡萄气候区,并就各区的气候特点和品种选择作出分区评述。 相似文献
18.
河南省夏玉米精细化农业气候区划研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
根据夏玉米对气象条件的要求,确定了河南省夏玉米的气候区划指标和相应等级。利用河南114个气象站点1971-2000年气候资料和台站地理信息,采用G IS技术对夏玉米不同生育期的温度、降水和日照等气候资源进行了网格推算。采用模糊数学方法,将全省划分为适宜种植区、次适宜种植区和不适宜种植区3个分区,并分别评述了各区域的特点,提出了建议。最后利用各县(市)夏玉米种植面积比例对本次区划结果进行了验证。 相似文献
19.
利用卫星遥感归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列数据和站点气象数据,从农作物生长发育过程的角度,分析了1981~2008年华北平原农田在12个生长发育期(冬小麦8个、夏玉米4个)对降水和温度不同的响应特征。研究区农田植被指数对降水响应的滞后性强于对温度的滞后性,其中对降水最为敏感的是前1和前2个生长发育期,对温度最为敏感的是同期和前1个生长发育期。不同种类作物在不同时期对气候因子响应不同:冬小麦发育中后期、夏玉米发育中期,绝大多数站点植被指数与降水呈正相关;冬小麦生长发育前中期植被指数与温度呈显著甚至极显著正相关。冬小麦出苗期温度、返青期温度和返青期降水分别与不同时期植被指数显著相关,出苗期和返青期为研究区农田长势对气候因子响应的敏感期。 相似文献
20.
通过分析西北地区气候生产力与玉米产量的关系、土壤水分与降水量以及土壤水分与降水量和土壤初始含水量之和的关系表明:西北地区降水气候生产力与玉米产量、土壤水分与降水量和土壤初始含水量之和有着显著的相关性。在此基础上，利用玉米生长季内的降水量和播种期的土壤水分含量对Miami降水模型进行了改进，应用改进后的Miami降水模型开展以月为时间步长的玉米产量动态趋势预报，具有较为理想的业务服务效果。同时，利用此方法评价西北地区降水对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响也非常适用。但是，由于此方法没有考虑灌溉水的作用，故不适用于灌溉农区。 相似文献