共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Hong-Key Yoon Dr. 《GeoJournal》1991,25(4):387-392
Geomentality is an established and lasting frame (state) of mind regarding the environment. It is necessarily translated into
a geographical behavioral pattern and is reflected in a pattern of cultural landscape. An individual or a group of people
can hold a geomentality about a particular environment. What an architect's plan is to a building, a geomentality is to a
pattern of cultural landscape. Geomentality is ultimately responsible for the development of a cultural landscape pattern.
Determining a geomentality is therefore the key in explaining a pattern of cultural landscape more profoundly than is possible
by some conventional methods. 相似文献
2.
本文用有限差分法模拟研究二维空间中波的传播、散射及其与介质间断的相互作用。文章第一部分运用所模拟的纵波波源讨论了半无限空间表面台阶地形或槽形裂隙所造成的波的散射。这些间断可模拟具有波长量级的悬崖或狭谷。第二部分用差分法与扰动法结合而成的混合法处理半无限空间表面有另一种物质构成的表面浅障碍时波的传播,以模拟山脊、堑沟等地形的影响。此混合法也被用于讨论半无限空间内含有水平夹层或孔隙的问题。所得研究结果对波的传播及其与介质间断的相互作用的理论研究和地震波破坏效应的分析和隔离等应用研究有一定的意义。 相似文献
3.
依据松辽盆地西南部新站地区嫩江组三段孢粉和藻类化石百分含量纵向变化特征,自下而上划分7个能识别水体盐度变化的孢粉和藻类组合：Cyathidites Pinuspollenites Dinogymniopsis组合,指示缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Leiosphaeridia Pinuspollenites组合,代表水域扩大的微咸水湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Botryococcus组合,代表水域缩小的淡水-微咸水湖相沉积环境;Dinogymniopsis Chlamydophorella Taxodiaceaepollenites组合,反映淡水与微咸水频繁交互变化的浅湖相沉积环境;Cicatricosisporites Pinuspollenites Pediastrum组合,代表水域缩小的淡水湖相沉积环境;Nenjiangella Balmula Cyathidites组合,代表水域范围较大的淡水湖相沉积环境;Cyathidites Trilobosporites Botryococcus组合,指示水域缩小的微咸水湖相沉积环境。 相似文献
4.
Statistical aspects of estimating net fluxes of nutrients between a salt marsh and a tidal creek on a tidal cycle basis and an annual basis are explored. For individual tidal cycles, the instantaneous flux of a nutrient is written in a constrained linear model as a function of time. The model is rewritten as an unconstrained model, and net flux is shown to be a linear combination of the parameters of the model. Standard linear models techniques can be used to make inferences about net fluxes on a tidal cycle basis. Considering a year as a finite population of tidal cycles, annual net flux can be estimated using a regression estimator. In the case of the flux of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, the marsh was found to be a statistically significant sink for nitrogen (in this form) from adjacent tidal creeks. 相似文献
5.
6.
Priti Maheshwari P. K. Basudhar S. Chandra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(2):313-324
The paper describes a mechanical model for estimating the flexural response of a strip footing, supporting a column (imposing
a concentrated load), resting on a compacted granular bed overlying a reinforcement layer for example, geogrids, geomats etc.
below which lies a loose soil deposit. The footing is idealized as a beam and the reinforcing element is assumed to have finite
bending stiffness and negligible frictional resistance. The upper and lower soil layers are idealized by a series of linear
and discrete springs (Winkler springs) of different stiffness values. To find the response of such a model the governing differential
equations have been derived and expressed in a nondimensional form. A closed form analytical solution of the same has been
obtained subjected to appropriate boundary conditions. Using the present approach the resulting solution for a degenerated
case of a long beam is found to be identical to the same of Hetenyi (1946, Beams on elastic foundations, University of Michigan
press, Ann Arbor, MI). Parametric studies reveal that the ratio of flexural rigidity of upper and lower beam and the ratio
of stiffness of the upper and lower soil layers affect significantly the response of the foundation. 相似文献
7.
Listric versus planar normal fault geometry: an example from the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin (E Austria) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Darko Spahić Ulrike Exner Michael Behm Bernhard Grasemann Alexander Haring Herbert Pretsch 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(7):1685-1695
In a gravel pit at the eastern margin of the Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin, a satellite of Vienna Basin (Austria), Neogene sediments
are exposed in the hanging wall of a major normal fault. The anticlinal structure and associated conjugated secondary normal
faults were previously interpreted as a rollover anticline above a listric normal fault. The spatial orientation and distribution
of sedimentary horizons and crosscutting faults were mapped in detail on a laser scan of the outcrop wall. Subsequently, in
order to assess the 3D distribution and geometry of this fault system, a series of parallel ground penetrating radar (GPR)
profiles were recorded behind the outcrop wall. Both outcrop and GPR data were compiled in a 3D structural model, providing
the basis for a kinematic reconstruction of the fault plane using balanced cross-section techniques. However, the kinematic
reconstruction results in a geologically meaningless normal fault cutting down- and up-section. Additionally, no evidence
for a weak layer serving as ductile detachment horizon (i.e. salt or clay horizon) can be identified in stratigraphic profiles.
Instead, the observed deflection of stratigraphic horizons may be caused by a displacement gradient along a planar master
fault, with a maximum displacement in the fault centre, decreasing towards the fault tips. Accordingly, the observed deflection
of markers in the hanging wall—and in a nearby location in the footwall of the normal fault—is interpreted as large-scale
fault drag along a planar fault that records a displacement gradient, instead of a rollover anticline related to a listric
fault. 相似文献
8.
B. P. Harlamov 《Mathematical Geology》2003,35(4):431-449
Zones of increased concentration formed by a solvent flowing from a source are considered. A matehmatical model for forming such zones is proposed. It takes into account that such a zone is composed of a set of independent particles. Hence the distribution of a substance around the source can be explained by movement of an individual particle. In the model this movement is a continuous semi-Markov process with terminal stopping at some random point in space. Parameters of the process depend on the velocity field of the flow. Forward and backward partial differential equations for the distribution density of a random stopping point of the process are derived. The forward equation is investigated for the centrally symmetric case. Solutions of the equation demonstrate either a maximum or a local minimum at the source location. In the latter case a concentric ring around the source is formed. If different substances vary in their absorption rates, they can form separable concentration zones as a family of concentric rings. 相似文献
9.
Sergey A. Arsen’yev 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(2):215-221
Recent advances in modeling of tornadoes and twisters consist of significant achievements in mathematical calculation of occurrence and evolution of a violent F5-class tornado on the Fujita scale, and four-dimensional mathematical modeling of a tornado with the fourth coordinate time multiplied by its characteristic velocity.Such a tornado can arise in a thunderstorm supercell filled with turbulent whirlwinds.A theory of the squall storms is proposed.The squall storm is modeled by running perturbation of... 相似文献
10.
A theoretical formulation and a numerical solution method are proposed for the problem of the time dependent consolidation of an elasto-plastic soil subject to finite deformations. The soil is assumed to be a two-phase material with a skeleton which may yield according to a general yield criterion with plastic flow governed by a general flow law, and whose pore fluid flows according to Darcy's Law. Governing equations are cast in a rate form and constitutive laws are expressed in a frame indifferent manner. The method of analysis is illustrated by several examples of practical interest for both a soil with an elastic skeleton and a soil with an elasto-plastic skeleton which obeys a Morh–Coulomb yield criterion and a non-associated flow law. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(6-7):951-962
Flanking structures are deflections of planar or linear fabric elements in a rock alongside a cross-cutting object such as a vein, fracture or burrow. Flanking structures are divided into flanking-folds and flanking shear-bands. Both structures can develop by a range of mechanisms including intrusion or in situ formation of veins that bisects existing fold trains or shear-bands along the axis of the structure; flow partitioning alongside an active fault in a ductilely deforming rock; passive rotation of a vein with attached narrow rim of wall rock formed by alteration of the wall rock during intrusion of the vein; development of a shear zone in or along a pre-existing vein; and passive amplification of small deflections alongside a vein or burrow. Flanking structures can be used to establish a sequence of deformation and intrusion or partial melting, and some types of flanking structures can be used as shear sense indicators or to determine finite strain. 相似文献
12.
燕山南缘盘山岩体的热历史与构造-地貌演化过程 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
应用热年代学方法,揭示了燕山南缘盘山岩体的热历史与隆升过程。结果表明,盘山岩体的侵位深度约为10km.岩体侵位以后,经历了快速冷却过程,在226.48Ma~204.95Ma期间,岩体温度由520℃冷却至300℃,平均降温速率为10.22℃/Ma.204.95Ma~118Ma期间为盘山岩体的缓缦隆升时期,平均隆升速率约为0.028mm/a,隆升幅度约2.5km.118Ma~96Ma为盘山岩体较快速隆升时期,隆升速率为0.035mm/a,隆升幅度约0.77km.96Ma~35Ma为盘山岩体与盘山山脉的快速隆升时期,隆升速率约为0.115mm/a,隆升总幅度达7km.35Ma以来,盘山岩体的隆升速率很小,仅约0.014mm/a,隆升幅度约为0.5km.盘山周缘环状构造系统的形成时代略早于226.48Ma,盘山南缘边界正断层的活动时代为中生代末~始新世。 相似文献
13.
太白山佛爷池剖面的全新世环境变化信息 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
太白山佛爷池海拔3410m,是一个发育在古冰斗中的冰蚀湖。自湖中210cm沉积剖面进行沉积物粒度、孢粉和测年采样分析,表明自8200aBP以来的环境经历了明显的冷暖干湿变化。8200~6800aBP温暖湿润,在7200aBP出现明显增温;6800~5900aBP气候开始波动,大约在6300aBP有一次短暂的变冷,在6000aBP前后出现明显暖期;5900~4800aBP气温下降,大约在5200aBP达到最低,然后气温缓慢回升;4800~2600aBP气候较为温暖湿润,大约在3000aBP达到最高;2600~900aBP气候变冷湿,大约1500aBP达到最低;900aBP~现代变好。 相似文献
14.
汤山温泉是中国四大著名温泉疗养胜地之一,阐明其成因模式对于该温泉区的进一步开发和热水资源的可持续利用具有一定意义。基于硅-焓图解法和水文地球化学方法对其进行了系统研究,结果表明该区热储温度为90℃,岩溶热水与岩溶冷水、孔隙潜水和地表水之间在水化学和同位素组成上存在明显差异,地热井深度越大,冷水混入相对较少,地热水温度相对较高。经分析,该地热系统成因上属于中低温对流型。其补给区主要来自汤山山体(宁镇山区)及句容盆地东侧茅山山脉,循环深度为2.6~2.9 km,地热水通过汤山-东昌街断裂在浅部与区内NW向断裂、NE向断裂交汇形成温泉水。 相似文献
15.
16.
重力场定义的澄清 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
《朗曼现代英文词典》(LongmanModernEnglishDictionary)、《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(OxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish ChineseDictionary)、《韦氏词典》(Merriam Webster’sNewCollegiateDictionary)、作为地球物理专业词汇定义源的《勘探地球物理百科词典》(EncyclopedicDictionaryofExplorationGeo physics)以及中国的一些重力教科书、专著及词典 ,把重力场定义为重力或重力作用存在的空间 ,重力效应可以测量的空间 ,即 :力或重力存在的空间。这个定义不同于国外英文地球物理教科书、专著及中、英、俄文场论教科书对重力场的定义 :空间中的重力。定义重力场为重力存在的空间 ,混淆了“场”本身及“场域”的概念 ,并不是一个标准的物理或地球物理定义 ,是一种误导。物理场是空间中存在的一种物理作用或效应 ,分布于引起它的场源体周围。两个物体之间存在着的相互作用力 ,通过每个物体引起的引力场给予另一个物体。重力场可以定义如下 :地球内部及其附近空间一点处存在的重力作用 ,或单位质量受到的重力。重力场是一种力或力场 ,存在于地球表面及其附近的空间。重力场不是空间 ,重力场的测量应当是在重力场存在的空间或场域中 ,而不是在重力场中进行。 相似文献
17.
The paper discusses the propagation of torsional surface wave in a homogeneous substratum over a half-space with linearly varying rigidity and density. The study reveals that under assumed conditions, a torsional surface wave propagates in the medium. The velocities of torsional surface waves have been calculated numerically and are presented in a number of graphs. It is also observed that for a stratum over a homogeneous half-space, the velocity of torsional surface waves coincides with that of Love waves. For a non-homogeneous half-space it is observed that the velocity of torsional surface waves is always higher than that of Love waves propagated in a homogeneous layer over a homogeneous half-space. An attempt is also made to assess the possible propagation of torsional surface waves in a half-space with linearly varying rigidity and density, lacking a superficial layer. It is concluded that such a half-space allows two solutions for torsional waves while a homogeneous half-space has one. 相似文献
18.
Quasi-symmetry can be defined as a purely mathematical property of a matrix—that is, any matrix whose entries are strictly positive possesses quasi-symmetry if it can be written as a product of a diagonal and a symmetric matrix. A unique inverse solution for a quasi-symmetric matrix is readily obtained when the nondiagonal elements of the symmetric and quasi-symmetric matrix are set equal. Then it is shown that a Markov sequence is reversible if and only if it has a quasi-symmetric tally matrix. Because a properly counted Markov sequence must have marginal homogeneity, a simple chi-square test for symmetry on the tally matrix is sufficient to determine if an observed matrix is symmetrical and hence whether the Markov chain is reversible. Applications to sedimentary sequences are illustrated by the use of classical examples and with cyclothem data to determine if the sequence conforms to a reversible or nonreversible Markov process. Should the tally matrix lack marginal homogeneity, it is likely that a sampling bias was introduced by the counting procedure. However, a chi-square test for symmetry on a direct inverse of the tally matrix can be used to determine if the sedimentary sequence conforms to a reversible or a non-reversible Markov process. 相似文献
19.
20.
Inclusion trails in 58 garnet porphyroblasts in a single sample from the Cram Hill Formation in southeast Vermont were imaged using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography. Texturally the porphyroblasts have a large core with a sub-vertical foliation that has a well defined geometry with a mean orientation of 113/72E for a 95% confidence cone semi-angle of 5.3°. This steep foliation curves into a sub-horizontal foliation. The foliation intersection/inflection axes (FIAs) defined by hinge lines for this curvature are tightly clustered with a mean plunge of 11° towards 201° with a 95% confidence cone semi-angle of 4.1°. Eigenvalue analysis indicates that the clustered distribution of the foliation and FIA data are unlikely to be the result of a random event. There is evidence in the specimen for multiple foliation-forming events subsequent to garnet nucleation, and the preservation of these clustered distributions in their wake strongly suggests that the porphyroblasts have not rotated with respect to a geographic reference frame. FIAs represent a measurable structural element that can provide information on tectonic events at the time the porphyroblasts grew. A comparison of FIA data collected using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography with data collected using the asymmetry method demonstrates that the asymmetry method is a valid technique for defining the mean FIA orientations in a sample. 相似文献