共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
未来三峡水库区诱发岩溶型水库地震的可能震级 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
未来三峡水库,库区碳酸盐类地层分布极广,种类齐全,且不同程度地发育各种岩溶类型。本文就库区的地层、岩性、构造、地下水特征进行分析,认为库区范围内可能发生岩溶型水库地震,但其最高震级超过纯岩溶型水库地震震级上限(Ms≥3.0)的可能性不大。 相似文献
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利用核磁共振方法探查岩溶水 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15
核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）找水方法是目前唯一直接找水的物探新方法,该方法可以探查各种类型的地下水。本文仅论述了在岩溶发育区常规电阻率方法找水时遇到的地质干扰。ＮＭＲ找水方法的原理,仪器的组成,并以实例说明了ＮＭＲ找水方法探查岩溶水的效果。 相似文献
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为减小岩溶区地质灾害带来的损失,以广西岩溶区为例,分析了广西岩溶地质的分布特点,对广西岩溶区的工程地质灾害进行研究分类,对岩溶区工程场地处理方法进行研究,综述了地表封闭防渗法、地面下加固处理法、结构物跨越法三大方法的原理、实施效果和实用性。研究发现:由于降雨和地下岩石类别差异等因素,广西的岩溶分布类型具有强烈的地域特性,形成了三大岩溶地貌特征;产生岩溶区地质灾害最主要的诱因是地下水的变化,重要工程中定时定点监控地下水变化十分重要;广西的岩溶区溶洞和土洞塌陷主要是人为因素造成的。 相似文献
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溶蚀孔洞是塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩的主要储渗空间,因此研究碳酸盐岩岩溶测井响应特征以弄清其发育规律具有重要意义.在分析研究区内的岩溶地质特征之后,根据钻井揭示的岩溶型储集层,对岩心、测井特征进行了对比和归纳梳理,进而提炼了奥陶系岩溶发育带的测井响应特征.结合前人对岩溶风化壳发育的控制因素和分布特征的研究,依托岩心和成像测井资料刻度的岩溶带常规测井响应特征,在垂向上将岩溶层划分为表生岩溶带、垂直渗流岩溶带和水平潜流岩溶带,并对其分布规律进行了研究.结果表明:研究区地表岩溶带较发育,且基本属于未充填-半充填,是有利储集层发育的层位;潜流岩溶带不甚发育,基本被充填.总体上看,自东南向西北,溶洞发育带的分布密度逐渐增大,表明古岩溶作用的强度向西北方向逐渐增强. 相似文献
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利用地震属性技术研究岩溶裂隙发育带 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用地震属性技术,从三维地震数据体中提取对岩溶裂隙发育带相关的二维分形参数,预测岩溶裂隙发育带、奥灰顶部岩层的富水性以及有关的水文地质条件,为高产高效矿井地质保障系统提供依据。通过许厂煤矿430采区实际资料的检验,预测的地质效果良好。 相似文献
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以某矿业公司岩溶地面塌陷勘查工程为例,利用高密度电法和地震映像结合的综合物探法对复杂岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害进行物探勘查,得出重点区域岩溶发育区探测结果;推测次重点区域测线剖面有相对明显的高低阻异常带的原因;对次重点区域各测线剖面的各反射波(组)进行原因分析.结果表明:地震映像法解释的岩溶发育区可看作是岩溶发育重点区;次重点区域测线剖面高低阻异常带明显的原因多样;次重点区域波组的起伏变化异常可能与岩溶空洞异常有直接关系,与地层变化有间接关系;证明综合物探法进行岩溶地质勘查的有效性,为塌陷区的圈定提供理论依据. 相似文献
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由于受大型地下工程施工大量抽排地下水的影响,广州市大坦沙和金沙洲先后发生了大规模岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害,为查明区内岩溶发育和断裂带的分布情况,综合运用土壤氡浓度测量、高密度电法、浅层地震反射波、弹性波CT和地质雷达进行探则.由于受各种管线、电磁和震动的干扰,在城市开展电法、磁法、浅层地震等受到限制,而土壤氡浓度测量具有不受地电、地磁和震动干扰的优点.本文以土壤氡浓度测量在广州市金沙洲和大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害应用为例,说明了土壤氡浓度测量机理、方法技术和影响因素,结果表明土壤氡浓度测量在广州市金沙洲和大坦沙岩溶地面塌陷、地面沉降地质灾害调查中取得了显著的效果,为广州市金沙洲和大坦沙地质灾害防治提供了基础资料. 相似文献
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The paper presents an attempt to determine the characteristics of karst aquifers using information on groundwater level (GWL) in natural holes and boreholes with different data quantity and time resolution of GWL measurements. In this paper the particulars of karst aquifers were analysed for four examples from the Dinaric karst. In all four study areas, aquifers are formed in bare, deep and well‐developed Dinaric karst consisting of Cretaceous limestones. The first example represents a wide area of Imotsko polje in the karst. The aquifer was analysed on the basis of infrequent water level monitoring in natural karst water features (jamas, lakes, wells) and discharges of springs and rivers. The karst aquifer in this example is complex, non‐homogenous and variable in space and time, which is frequent in the Dinaric karst. Regardless of the aforementioned it was possible to determine its elementary characteristics. The second example represents 10 wells used for the water supply for the city of Pula. The GWL and salinity were measured once a week in the period between 1981 and 1996. Even though these measurements were relatively infrequent in space and time, they served as bases for assessment of average and maximum aquifer conditions as well as boundaries of saltwater intrusion. In the third example only a portion of aquifer of the karst spring Blaz, which is in the contact with the Adriatic Seas, has been analyzed. It is a spring with an intrusion of salt water. For purposes of study of saltwater intrusion, 26 piezometers were drilled in its vicinity in which GWL, salinity and temperature were measured once a day during 168 days, a period comprising one complete cycle of seawater intrusion and retreat. These measurements proved the existence of dispersed discharge from the aquifer into the sea and its non‐homogeneity in space. In the fourth example GWL was measured continuously in 10 deep (up to 300 m) piezometers in the hinterland of the Ombla Spring catchment. The measurement period lasted 2 years (January 1988 to December 1989). The analyses are made with hourly data. The results made it possible to determine numerous characteristics of the karst aquifer and a significant non‐homogeneity of groundwater distribution in karst aquifers, depending more on the underground karst phenomena than the surface karst forms. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Using hydrochemical,stable isotope,and river water recharge data to identify groundwater flow paths in a deeply buried karst system 
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下载免费PDF全文 Dajun Qin Zhanfeng Zhao Yi Guo Wencai Liu Muhammed Haji Xiaohong Wang Baodong Xin Yu Li Yong Yang 《水文研究》2017,31(24):4297-4314
The deeply buried river‐connected Xishan karst aquifer (XKA) in western Beijing, China, has been suffering from diminishing recharge for several decades, which in turn leads to the disappearing of spring water outflows and continuously lowering of groundwater level in the area. Thus, it is important to correctly recognize the groundwater recharge and flow paths for the sustainable development of the XKA. To investigate these issues, the hydrochemical and isotopic compositions are analysed for both surface water and groundwater samples collected over an area of about 280 km2. Results show that (a) the river water is characterized by high Na contents; (b) the δ2H and δ18O values in the river water are distinctively higher than those of groundwater samples, after experiencing the long‐time evaporative enrichment in the upstream reservoir; (c) the Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of groundwater clearly indicated the interaction between water and carbonate minerals but excluded the water–silicate interaction; and (d) the groundwater samples in the direct recharge area of the XKA have the lowest Na concentrations and the δ2H and δ18O values. Based on the large differences in the Na contents and 18O values of groundwater and surface water, a simple two‐component mixing model is developed for the study area and the fractions of the river water are estimated for groundwater samples. We find that the distribution pattern of the river water fractions in the XKA clearly shows a change of directions in the preferential flow path of the groundwater from its source zone to the discharge area. Overall, our results suggest that the recharged surface water can be a useful evidence for delineating the groundwater flow path in river‐connected karst aquifer. This study improves our understanding of the heterogeneity in karst groundwater systems. 相似文献
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Karst is regarded as a geological and physicochemical process of interaction between the natural water and soluble rock. Its development is possible only under non-equilibrium conditions in the “groundwater–congruently soluble rock” system. It is shown that intense karst development, leading to the formation of underground cavities and passages, is possible in the presence of advective transport of dissolved substance, which can redistribute its considerable amounts in a relatively short time. The specific features of karst development are considered in the case of its manifestation in carbonate, sulfate, and chloride rocks. 相似文献
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Geochemical modeling of groundwater in karst area and its application at Pingdingshan coalfield 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Several approaches including hydrogeochemistry and isotope hydrogeology have been used to investigate the karst groundwater
systems at Pingdingshan coalfield in recent years. The results of the modeling and evaluation of groundwater chemistry, as
parts of recent research progress at the area, are presented. The characteristics of Cambrian karst groundwater flow was analyzed
in terms of tritium distribution of groundwater based on the fact that the Guodishan fault, the largest one within the coalfield,
is divided into permeable (southern and northern) and impermeable (middle) sections. The evolution of groundwater chemistry,
the suitability of geothermometers and the feature of karst development were deduced and discussed using the speciation modeling
and mass balance approach.
Project partially supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):206-220
Abstract The Asmari limestone formation is the major aquifer system at the Khersan 3 Dam site, Zagros, Iran. Characterization of the aquifer system and study of karst development are essential for forecasting leakage potential and to plan remediation works. The aquifer functioning and karst structure were evaluated by geology, well hydrodynamics and natural tracing studies, showing one unconfined and three artesian sub-aquifers, the last being characterized by rapid flow, with contributing old recharge water, and a recharge at higher elevation than the unconfined sub-aquifer. The anticline structure outcrops the artesian sub-aquifers downstream of the site. The confining layers disappear and the aquifer system discharges as a mix of all groundwater. Artesian groundwater is estimated to contribute about 80% (dry season) and 50% (wet season) of flow in the mixing zone. Very few karst features are observed in cores and galleries at the site, despite some karst landforms in the reservoir area. However the aquifer exhibits fast flow of karst type in the artesian sub-aquifers. 相似文献
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The mean residence time (MRT) of karst groundwater in three mountainous catchments of the Western Himalaya was estimated using multiple approaches: the tritium method, the sine wave model and tracer tests. Water samples were collected from precipitation, glacier melt, streams and karst springs for δ2H and tritium analysis during 2012 and 2013. High tritium values were observed in winter precipitation and low values in summer precipitation. The variation of tritium in karst springs was similar to that of the streams, whereas glacier melt showed lower tritium values. The MRT of cold karst springs was shorter than that of warm karst springs. The tracer breakthrough curves (TBC) retrieved for different springs suggested a short travel time for groundwater and possibly conduit flow. Deterioration of water quality and variation in flux magnitude are the two main practical consequences of the short travel time of karst groundwater in the region.
EDITOR D. KoutsoyiannisASSOCIATE EDITOR K. Heal 相似文献
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Hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the karst basin,southwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater is a very significant water source used for irrigation and drinking purposes in the karst region, and therefore understanding the hydrogeochemistry of karst water is extremely important. Surface water and groundwater were collected, and major chemical compositions and environmental isotopes in the water were measured in order to reveal the geochemical processes affecting water quality in the Gaoping karst basin, southwest China. Dominated by Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3? and SO42?, the groundwater is typically characterized by Ca? Mg? HCO3 type in a shallow aquifer, and Ca? Mg? SO4 type in a deeper aquifer. Dissolution of dolomite aquifer with gypsiferous rocks and dedolomitization in karst aquifers are important processes for chemical compositions of water in the study basin, and produce water with increased Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42? concentrations, and also increased TDS in surface water and groundwater. Mg2+/Ca2+ molar ratios in groundwater decrease slightly due to dedolomitization, while the mixing of discharge of groundwater with high Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios may be responsible for Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios obviously increasing in surface water, and Mg2+/Ca2+ ratios in both surface water and groundwater finally tending to a constant. In combination with environmental isotopic analyses, the major mechanism responsible for the water chemistry and its geochemical evolution in the study basin can be revealed as being mainly from the water–rock interaction in karst aquifers, the agricultural irrigation and its infiltration, the mixing of surface water and groundwater and the water movement along faults and joints in the karst basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Numerical modeling of geothermal groundwater flow in karst aquifer system in eastern Weibei, Shaanxi Province, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LI Ming LI GuoMin YANG Liao DANG XueYa ZHAO ChunHu HOU GuangCai ZHANG MaoSheng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z1):36-41
The quantitative assessment of geothermal water resources is important to the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources. In the geothermal water systems the density of groundwater changes with the temperature, therefore the variations in hydraulic heads and temperatures are very complicated. A three-dimensional density-dependent model coupling the groundwater flow and heat transport is established and used to simulate the geothermal water flow in the karst aquifers in eastern Weibei, Shaanxi Province, China. The multilayered karst aquifer system in the study area is cut by some major faults which control the regional groundwater flow. In order to calibrate and simulate the effect of the major faults, each fault is discretized as a belt of elements with special hydrological parameters in the numerical model. The groundwater dating data are used to be integrated with the groundwater flow pattern and calibrate the model. Simulation results show that the calculated hydraulic heads and temperature fit with the observed data well. 相似文献
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Grout curtains are vertical grout walls installed in the ground. In karst terrains, their construction is primarily connected with dams and reservoirs. Their main role is to increase water tightness and to prevent progressive erosion, blocking possible seepage paths along karst fissures and conduits. In this article, changes in the behaviour of the groundwater level (GWL) and the water temperature in nine deep piezometers, which were caused by the construction of a grout curtain at the ?ale Reservoir on the Cetina River (Croatia), were analysed. The total length of the grout curtain is 3966 m. It spreads 120 m below the dam. The most analysed data are from the period after the dam had been built. Only few data and figures concern the comparison between pre‐ and post‐dam periods. The hourly data of the GWL and the water temperature were analysed for the period between 1 September 2008 at 02:00 h to 31 December 2009 at 23:00 h (11 687 h total) in six deep piezometers (marked in the text and figures as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). For three piezometers (marked in the text and figures as A, B and C), some discontinuous measurements of the GWL and the water temperature were available for analysis. The construction of the grout curtain made strong, sudden and possibly dangerous changes to the characteristics of the aquifer and the circulation of groundwater in the local area. Special attention is paid to analyses of the behaviour of the hourly GWL data measured in the piezometers pairs (two neighbouring piezometers, one inside and the other outside of the grout curtain). During more than 80% of the analysed period, the GWL was higher in the piezometer inside the grout curtain than the one outside of it. The intensity and range of the dynamics of GWL was higher in piezometer outside the grout curtain than the inside ones. After the construction of the grout curtain, the maximum measured hydrostatic pressure on some parts of the grout curtain was approximately 40 m. It changes quickly in both time and direction. The water temperature was found to be similar in all of the measured piezometers, and it varies between 10.2 and 15.7 °C with an average value of 12.7 °C. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献