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利用全国降水资料（包括江西加密降水资料）、探空资料、ECMWF模式72—24 h降水和形势预报资料,采用天气学检验、SAL定量降水预报检验等方法,对2017—2019年江西及附近地区锋面暴雨的实况和模式产品进行检验分析,检验主要影响天气系统预报效果,得出ECMWF模式降水预报误差分布特征及原因,并对模式的暴雨预报进行订正。结果表明：ECMWF模式对2017—2019年锋面暴雨过程预报较实况大多偏北,落区预报误差主要源于大尺度降水。从锋面暴雨三种SAL分析误差可见,落区预报较实况大多偏北,暴雨过程强度多数较实况偏弱,结构较实况偏小。对误差较大个例的分析得出两点订正思路：1） 锋区南侧有较明显动力热力对流发展的弱锋区暴雨,暴雨落区可订正至925 hPa锋区南侧高温高湿区。2） 较强锋面暴雨,当中低层切变辐合抬升区重叠时,暴雨落区可向925 hPa锋区位置调整,暴雨通常不易出现在锋区北侧冷区。 相似文献
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华南暖区暴雨事件的筛选与分类研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用逐小时降水资料,采用客观方法对1982~2015年华南地区暖区暴雨进行了筛选和分类研究。主要结果如下:华南区域暖区暴雨事件共计177例,暖区暴雨占筛选的暴雨事件的16.86%,表明暖区暴雨是华南非常重要的降水过程。暖区暴雨主要出现在4~7月,6月份最多,平均持续11.58 h。暖区暴雨事件发生位置主要集中在广东、广西的沿海地区和粤北山区,有四个降雨中心。产生华南暖区暴雨的天气形势主要有四类,切变线型、低涡型、南风型和回流型,不同类型的暖区暴雨对华南地区的内陆和沿海的作用不同,且南风影响下的暖区暴雨发生频率较高,影响较大,是一类较为重要的暖区暴雨。 相似文献
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利用2010—2020年陕西省国家基本气象站、区域站24 h(20—20时)降雨量资料,常规地面观测、高空探测资料,统计并甄别出陕西省弱天气系统影响下的暖区暴雨过程（下称暖区暴雨）14次,按照天气形势将其分为副高冷空气渗透型、副高远距离冷锋型、副高暖脊型。利用国家基本站、区域站逐小时降雨量和探空实况观测资料,分析了暖区暴雨的时空分布特征,暖区暴雨、一般暴雨、平均气候值的物理量及其阈值的比较。结果表明：（1）暖区暴雨的降雨量高值中心基本呈两高型（副高冷空气渗透型）或一高型（副高暖脊型）,三个高值中心分别为沿秦岭分布,榆林中部的长城沿线和黄河沿岸,陕南的汉水谷地和米仓山、大巴山一线;副高远距离冷锋型分布较为平均。（2）暖区暴雨呈现明显的中尺度特征,发生短时强降水的站次频率高达41%;3类暖区暴雨中的短时强降水具有明显的日变化特征,存在两个明显的降水时段,午后15时开始增多,17—19时达到高峰,入夜21时又开始增多,00—04时达到高峰,上午时段短时强降水出现的次数极少。（3）与一般暴雨和气候平均值相比,暖区暴雨发生在风垂直切变较小的弱垂直风切变中,0～6 km垂直风切变的平均值为24×10-3 s-1;0 ℃层高度较高,平均值为47 km;具有异常的高能、高湿条件,K指数平均值达397 ℃,CAPE的平均值为1 334 J/kg,整层水汽含量平均值为3 383 g/kg,850 hPa的温度露点差平均值为26 ℃,暖区暴雨的850 hPa与500 hPa的温度差平均值为249 ℃。 相似文献
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利用C波段新一代天气雷资料、探空资料、区域自动站降水资料,对铜仁市2020年 6月29—30日特大暴雨天气过程进行分析研究。结果表明：此次天气过程为长江流域切变线西段暴雨,主要受500 hPa低槽、700 hPa和850 hPa低涡切变、地面辐合线共同影响,强的低层辐合、高层辐散的高低空配置,以及梵净山地形抬升作用激发此次强降水。暴雨发生前对流有效位能突增,大气中可转换对流有效位能迅速上升,为暴雨提供不稳定能量。雷达回波特征分析表明此次降雨以局地生成回波产生降水为主,层积云混合型降水回波在碧江、江口等上空聚集且稳定少动,呈“准静止状态”,回波后向传播,存在多个回波单体相互合并现象;强降雨时段,≥35 dBz的回波普遍伸展到8 km以上,中低层存在多个强回波中心核;有逆风区存在且长时间维持。 相似文献
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长治市2006年8月28日出现了暴雨天气过程,对该次暴雨的500hPa天气形势和700hPa切变影响系统进行了分析。并进一步对强降水主要集中时段的T213数值预报产品的相对湿度场、K指数场,FY-2C云区相对湿度廓线以及多普勒雷达降水回波特征进行了综合诊断,给出了该次暴雨的主要着眼点,为今后暴雨预报提供一些思路。 相似文献
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2000—2009年5、6月华南暖区暴雨形成系统统计分析 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
利用2000—2009年5月和6月的NCEP 1 °×1 °再分析资料和气象台站常规资料,对产生华南暖区暴雨的500 hPa及以下的环流特征进行统计分析,并将影响暖区暴雨的环流系统划分为三大类型,即切变线型、低涡型和偏南风风速切变辐合型（简称偏南风型）。切变线型在南海夏季风爆发前以冷式切变为主,季风爆发后以暖式切变为主;低涡型在季风爆发前的发生次数远少于季风爆发后,在低涡中心的东北-东南方向最易产生暖区暴雨;偏南风型总体以西风风速切变辐合为主,而南风风速切变辐合在季风爆发后的比例有所增加。对影响暖区暴雨的高空槽分析发现,高原槽对暖区暴雨影响明显,其次为南支槽。低涡型最易受高空槽影响。对各种类型暖区暴雨的合成分析发现,各类型暖区暴雨500 hPa高空槽的位置特点均不相同,暴雨辐合中心均在850 hPa以下的低层,副高脊线距雨区约6～8纬距是产生华南暖区暴雨的重要天气形势。 相似文献
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利用WRF对秦巴山区秋季一次区域性暴雨进行了数值模拟,在模拟结果与实况相一致的情况下,进行了秋季暴雨机理的研究,结果表明:秦巴山区暴雨落区位于500hPa槽前、700hPa冷式切变的暖区、低空急流轴的左前侧;低空急流携带的暖湿空气与西北路冷空气在陕南秦巴山区形成稳定维持的冷式切变是本次暴雨的主要原因;700hPa西南低空急流与850hPa偏东急流是本次过程的水汽和能量来源;K指数大值中心的出现在秦巴山区秋季暴雨预报中应予以重视,600~800hPa高对流有效位能维持为暴雨的发生提供了充足的能量。 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料和NCEP1°×1°6h再分析资料,对2014年7月8—9日陕北一次区域性暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明:暴雨过程在河套北部冷空气和高原槽前的偏南暖湿气流共同作用下形成,高原槽、低涡切变是主要高空影响系统,西北路冷锋是地面的主要影响系统,降水主要发生在冷锋附近到其后部低层冷空气与高空暖湿气流交汇区域。雷达回波分析表明,暴雨过程有两个不同的降水时段,8日14—20时主要为对流性降水,回波强度大于55dBz的带状回波,造成陕北东部出现了20~50mm的降水;9日02—08时为冷锋后的层状云降水,回波以均匀的层云降水回波为主;速度图在2.4km高度上有18m/s左右的偏南急流,是降水持续的主要原因。物理量分析表明,暴雨落区与700hPa的水汽通量散度大值区对应很好;暴雨区上升运动层深厚,最大上升运动区在600hPa附近;在暴雨区北侧为冷锋后部的东北风下沉气流,同时暴雨区上空有西南风上升气流,这股气流沿着暴雨区北侧低层冷空气爬升,冷暖气流交汇,产生强降水;暴雨发生在能量锋区附近,陕北地区对流层中低层有显著锋生,有利于上升运动的加强,形成强降水。 相似文献
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利用深圳市稠密自动气象站降水观测,对2008—2012年64个大暴雨(24 h雨量≥100mm)以上降雨特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)大暴雨主要集中在5—9月,6月达到峰值;降水主要出现在10:00—14:00,其中14:00降水次数最多。(2)大暴雨具有累积雨量大、强降水时间集中、雨强大等特点;雨强出现频率与时雨量值成反比;全市有3个显著高发区。(3)大暴雨的天气形势主要有台风型、西南季风型、北部湾低压型、热带云团型和冷空气切变线型,台风型出现次数最多,其次是西南季风型。(4)5月多见冷空气切变线型;6月以西南季风型为主;7—9月以台风型为主。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献