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1.
Designing a spatial pattern to rebalance the orientation of development and protection in Wuhan 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
Patterns of spatial development and protection form a basic category of geoscience,and redesigning them is a popular subject of research in regional sustainable development that is important for ecological civilization construction.The authors here report a case study of Wuhan city using the circuit theory model and minimum cumulative resistance(MCR)model to rebalance its spatial protection and development.The results show the following:(1)Using the density of the gross domestic product(GDP),density of population,rate of urbanization,and access to transportation as evaluation indicators,seven core areas of development in Wuhan were identified,accounting for 59%of the total number of streets,that exhibited a “circular-satellite”spatial structure.(2)According to the importance of ecosystem services,ecological sensitivity,land use type,and slope of the terrain,the resistance surface of spatial development in Wuhan had a stereoscopic spatial form of an“inverted pyramid,”with high surroundings and a low center.The area of low resistance accounted for 6.64%of the total area of Wuhan.(3)Based on coupling analysis using the MCR and spatial morphological characteristics of current,nine axes of spatial development with a total area of 427.27 km2 and eight key strategic points with a total area of 40.02 km2 were identified.Streets that were prioritized for development accounted for 9.63%of Wuhan's total area.(4)By combining the characterization of the development axis with the structure of the three-level core area,we extracted the structure of spatial development of "one heart,two wings,and three belts" in Wuhan.The research framework and empirical results can provide scientific guidance for the urban spatial layout,the development of regional linkages,and ecological environmental protection in China. 相似文献
2.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(7)
Mountains in western China, hosted rich biodiversity and millions of people and inhabitant with vital ecosystem services, had experienced the most serious biodiversity loss with fragile ecological problems. Even though increasing attentions had been paid to this issue, we still lacked efficient methods to assess the change of plant biodiversity at medium/large scale due to the poor data and co-existing multiple habitat types. This study proposed an integrated method combining InVEST-habitat quality model, NPP and landscape pattern indexes to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of plant biodiversity and its spatiotemporal change on raster cell scale. The results indicated that plant biodiversity service was high in Bailongjiang watershed with obvious spatial pattern variations. The land area containing higher plant biodiversity were 3161 km2, which mainly distributed in the National Nature Reserve and forestry area. While the areas with lower plant biodiversity accounted for 37.67% and mainly distributed in the valleys between Zhouqu-Wudu-Wenxian County, the valley of Minjiang in Tanchang County and alpine mountain snow-covered regions. During 1990–2010, plant biodiversity level tended to increase and the higher plant biodiversity area increased from 14.13% to 17.15% due to ecological restoration and afforestation, while plant biodiversity decreased in the area with intensive human activities, such as cultivated land, urban and rural land. The results showed that combining InVEST-habitat quality model, NPP and landscape pattern indexes can effective reveal mountain plant biodiversity change. The study was useful for plant biodiversity conservation policy-making and human activity management for the disaster-impacted mountainous areas in China. 相似文献
3.
Ya Luo Shengtian Yang Changsen Zhao Xiaoyan Liu Changming Liu Linna Wu Haigen Zhao Yichi Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):802-814
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that： 1） Land use changed significantly in the period 1998-2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998.2） Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including （a） low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland, （b） medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland, （c） farmland to other woodland, and （d） farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3） The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relatively stable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
4.
21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力 总被引：33，自引：15，他引：18
Land use and land cover change as the core of coupled human-environment systems has become a potential field of land change science (LCS) in the study of global environmental change. Based on remotely sensed data of land use change with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km on national scale among every 5 years, this paper designed a new dynamic regionalization according to the comprehensive characteristics of land use change including regional differentiation, physical, economic, and macro-policy factors as well. Spatial pattern of land use change and its driving forces were investigated in China in the early 21st century. To sum up, land use change pattern of this period was characterized by rapid changes in the whole country. Over the agricultural zones, e.g., Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the southeast coastal areas and Sichuan Basin, a great proportion of fine arable land were engrossed owing to considerable expansion of the built-up and residential areas, resulting in decrease of paddy land area in southern China. The development of oasis agriculture in Northwest China and the reclamation in Northeast China led to a slight increase in arable land area in northern China. Due to the "Grain for Green" policy, forest area was significantly increased in the middle and western developing regions, where the vegetation coverage was substantially enlarged, likewise. This paper argued the main driving forces as the implementation of the strategy on land use and regional development, such as policies of "Western Development", "Revitalization of Northeast", coupled with rapidly economic development during this period. 相似文献
5.
In areas with topographic heterogeneity, land use change is spatially variable and influenced by climate, soil properties, and topography. To better understand this variability in the high-sediment region of the Loess Plateau in which soil loss is most severe and sediment diameter is larger than in other regions of the plateau, this study builds some indicators to identify the characteristics of land use change and then analyze the spatial variability as it is affected by climate, soil property, and topography. We build two indicators, a land use change intensity index and a vegetation change index, to characterize the intensity of land use change, and the degree of vegetation restoration, respectively. Based on a subsection mean method, the two indicators are then used to assess the spatial variability of land use change affected by climatic, edaphic, and topographic elements. The results indicate that: 1) Land use changed significantly in the period 1998–2010. The total area experiencing land use change was 42,302 km2, accounting for 22.57%of the study area. High-coverage grassland, other woodland, and forest increased significantly, while low-coverage grassland and farmland decreased in 2010 compared with 1998. 2) Land use change occurred primarily west of the Yellow River, between 35 and 38 degrees north latitude. The four transformation types, including(a) low-coverage grassland to medium-coverage grassland,(b) medium-coverage grassland to high-coverage grassland,(c) farmland to other woodland, and(d) farmland to medium-coverage grassland, were the primary types of land use change, together constituting 60% of the area experiencing land use change. 3) The spatial variability of land use change was significantly affected by properties of dryness/wetness, soil conditions and slope gradient. In general, land use changed dramatically in semi-arid regions, remained relativelystable in arid regions, changed significantly in clay-rich soil, remained relatively stable in clay-poor soil, changed dramatically in steeper slopes, and remained relatively stable in tablelands and low-lying regions. The increase in vegetation coincided with increasing changes in land use for each physical element. These findings allow for an evaluation of the effect of the Grain to Green Program, and are applicable to the design of soil and water conservation projects on the Loess Plateau of China. 相似文献
6.
The study developed a feasible method for large-area land cover mapping with combination of geographical data and phenological characteristics, taking Northeast China (NEC) as the study area. First, with the monthly average of precipitation and temperature datasets, the spatial clustering method was used to divide the NEC into four ecoclimate regions. For each ecoclimate region, geographical variables (annual mean precipitation and temperature, elevation, slope and aspect) were combined with phenological variables derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data (enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and land surface water index (LSWI)), which were taken as input variables of land cover classification. Decision Tree (DT) classifiers were then performed to produce land cover maps for each region. Finally, four resultant land cover maps were mosaicked for the entire NEC (NEC_MODIS), and the land use and land cover data of NEC (NEC_LULC) interpreted from Landsat-TM images was used to evaluate the NEC_MODIS and MODIS land cover product (MODIS_IGBP) in terms of areal and spatial agreement. The results showed that the phenological information derived from EVI and LSWI time series well discriminated land cover classes in NEC, and the overall accuracy was significantly improved by 5.29% with addition of geographical variables. Compared with NEC_LULC for seven aggregation classes, the area errors of NEC_MODIS were much smaller and more stable than that of MODIS_IGBP for most of classes, and the wall-to-wall spatial comparisons at pixel level indicated that NEC_MODIS agreed with NEC_LULC for 71.26% of the NEC, whereas only 62.16% for MODIS_IGBP. The good performance of NEC_MODIS demonstrates that the methodology developed in the study has great potential for timely and detailed land cover mapping in temperate and boreal regions. 相似文献
7.
During the last decade of the 20th century, extensive conversion in agricultural land use took place in Northeast China. The goal of this study is to ascertain its spatial distribution and regional differentiation, determine its causes, and analyze its environmental impact, Especially we attempt to elucidate how institutional constraints have facilitated the change at a time of agrarian restructuring when newly emerging free market was hybridized with the former planned economy. Information on six categories of land use was mapped from interpretation of Landsat TM images recorded in 1990,1995 and 2000. Most of land use changes took place during the first half of the decade, coinciding with abrupt and chaotic changes in government directives. Farmland was changed mainly to woodland,water body and built-up areas while woodland and grassland were converted chiefly to farmland.Spatially, the change from farmland to woodland was restricted to the west of the study area. The change from grassland to farmland took place in the grazing and farming interlocked west. These chaotic and occasionally conflicting changes were largely caused by lack of stability and consistency in agricultural land use policies promulgated. They have exerted adverse impacts on the local environment, including land degradation, increased flooding, and modified climate regime. 相似文献
8.
1987-2007年土耳其伊斯坦布尔黑海沿岸土地利用变化(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sümeyra KURT 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(2):271-279
Recently,important land use changes have occurred in the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul due to urban growth and population increases.The objective of this study was to determine changes in land use in the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul between 1987 and 2007.Landsat 30 m satellite images from 1987 and 2007 are used in the study.The study area is 1000 m in width from the coastline to the land and the study has been carried out using the controlled classification method to classify areas into residential,agricultural,forest,bare land,brush/grassland,and lake/pond land classes.Land use changes between 1987 and 2007 were analysed in detail.Residential areas of the Black Sea coastal regions of stanbul increased by 122% over the two decades.Also an increase of 55% in agriculture areas was observed,while there were decreases of 26% in forest areas and 15% in free land.A 21% increase in the area of brush and grassland took place.Furthermore 79% of the study area was covered by residential areas in 2007.It is probable that pressure on the stanbul coastal regions will continue due to migraton and rapid urbanization.Therefore,Istanbul’s Black Sea coastal regions should be maintained using a sustainable coastal management plan. 相似文献
9.
榆林地区土地退化机制和调控 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province,thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activites there,The purpose of hias study is to explore the mechanism,process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities,and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways,In detail ,this study includes three main sections:the first section analyzes the mechanism,causes and characteristics of land degradation,which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural,social and econmomic context.Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS ,and combined with the modeling methods,the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; AS to the third section ,feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are propsed ,which are studed from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy,and the conception of regional sustainable development. 相似文献
10.
Regional land use change is the main cause of the ecosystem carbon storage changes by affecting emission and sink process.However,there has been little research on the influence of land use changes for ecosystem carbon storage at both temporal and spatial scales.For this study,the Qihe catchment in the southern part of the Taihang Mountains was taken as an example;its land use change from 2005 to 2015 was analyzed,the Markov-CLUE-S composite model was used to predict land use patterns in 2025 under natural growth,cultivated land protection and ecological conservation scenario,and the land use data were used to evaluate ecosystem carbon storage under different scenarios for the recent 10-year interval and the future based on the carbon storage module of the In VEST model.The results show the following:(1) the ecosystem carbon storage and average carbon density of Qihe catchment were 3.16×107 t and 141.9 t/ha,respectively,and decreased by 0.07×107 t and 2.89 t/ha in the decade evaluated.(2) During 2005–2015,carbon density mainly decreased in low altitude areas.For high altitude area,regions with increased carbon density comprised a similar percentage to regions with decreased carbon density.The significant increase of the construction areas in the middle and lower reaches of Qihe and the degradation of upper reach woodland were core reasons for carbon density decrease.(3) For 2015–2025,under natural growth scenario,carbon storage and carbon density also significantly decrease,mainly due to the decrease of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under cultivated land protection scenario,the decrease of carbon storage and carbon density will slow down,mainly due to the increase of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under ecological conservation scenario,carbon storage and carbon density significantly increase and reach 3.19×107 t and 143.26 t/ha,respectively,mainly in regions above 1100 m in altitude.Ecological conservation scenario can enhance carbon sequestration capacity but cannot effectively control the reduction of cultivated land areas.Thus,land use planning of research areas should consider both ecological conservation and cultivated land protection scenarios to increase carbon sink and ensure the cultivated land quality and food safety. 相似文献
11.
Gobe Hobona Philip James David Fairbairn 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(5):469-490
The ever‐increasing number of spatial data sets accessible through spatial data clearinghouses continues to make geographic information retrieval and spatial data discovery major challenges. Such challenges have been addressed in the discipline of Information Retrieval through ranking of data according to inferred degrees of relevance. Spatial data, however, present an additional challenge as they are characteristically made up of geometry, attribute and, optionally, temporal components. As these components are mutually independent of one another, this paper suggests that they be ranked independently of one another. The representation of the results of the independent ranking of these three components of spatial data suggests that representation of the results of the ranking process requires an alternative approach to currently used textual ranked lists: visualisation of relevance in a three‐dimensional visualisation environment. To illustrate the possible application of such an approach, a prototype browser is presented. 相似文献
12.
在伟大丝绸之路复兴的新历史阶段背景下,结合全球和区域市场一体化,文章分析了城市群这一最为重要增长极形成的关键因素和先决条件,在此基础上研究了区域空间组织问题。在欧亚地缘战略中哈萨克斯坦具有横贯中西的区位优势,文章综合评估了哈萨克斯坦城市群发展的可能方向、可能存在的负面影响及其影响范围。研究表明,哈萨克斯坦当前的城市化过程具有多维特征,城市群地区人口占总人口比重明显上升,城市的集聚形式预示着定居形式的成熟,并塑造着特有的社会经济空间,如区域核心、对外经济联系的节点、内部基础设施最重要的连接点等。城市群将扮演区域一体化的特殊平台,以城市群为基础,哈萨克斯坦将在新丝绸之路建设中恢复其重要历史地位,它将成为中亚地区贸易、交通、商业与金融、科技创新和旅游的枢纽,以及链接欧亚的桥梁。 相似文献
13.
分析了丁坝局部冲刷的过程和特征。以量纲理论为基础，通过对国内外公开发表的试验资料采用多元回归的方法。建立了不漫水丁坝清水冲刷的局部最大冲刷深度的计算公式。公式考虑了水深、流速、坝长、丁坝与水流夹角、坝头边坡、泥沙不均匀性等对冲深有影响的因素。其中，对于泥沙的非均匀性，传统方法很少考虑，一般是将均匀沙、非均匀沙的资料一起来分析，在此对其进行了定量的讨论。最终通过西藏地区公路沿线河流丁坝冲刷的实测数据对理论公式检验，发现计算值与实测值吻合较好，其公式可应用于西藏干线公路沿河路基防护工程丁坝局部冲刷深度计算。 相似文献
14.
区域中心城市生产性服务业的外向功能特征研究——以广州市为例 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
广州的生产性服务业经历了改革开放后20多年的发展,目前已具有基本经济活动功能。通过对广州的生产性服务机构的抽样问卷调查,阐述其在服务范围、服务对象及服务销量分布三方面的特征。并根据广州生产性服务业目前的发展水平,以及对珠三角制造业企业市场的抽样问卷调查,从供给水平和市场需求两个角度对广州生产性服务的外向功能特征进行了阐释。 相似文献
15.
可持续发展评判的指标体系是对可持续发展进行科学评判和决策的一个重要组成部分.从经济、社会、人口、资源、环境5个方面构建了由35个指标构成的哈尔滨市的可持续发展指标体系,并对其1995～2004年的可持续发展趋势进行了分析.分析结果表明,哈尔滨市从1995～2004年经济发展一直呈现稳步上升的趋势,社会、人口、环境和资源子系统呈现比较波动的趋势.2000年后,逐渐进入环境质量提高、资源消耗量下降的时期,环境污染、资源消耗与发展的综合指数越来越低,发展趋势也渐好,说明哈尔滨市的可持续发展的能力在不断提高. 相似文献
16.
建设海南自由贸易港是党中央在新时代深化改革、扩大开放的一项战略举措。论文基于列斐伏尔的空间三元辩证法,结合海南自由贸易港建设的主要内容及其空间生产的特征,构建“资本—权力—战略”三维逻辑框架,以解析海南自由贸易港建设的空间生产逻辑：从资本逻辑看,海南自由贸易港具有资本空间化与空间资本化特征,在流动空间的作用下,其资本三级循环过程有利于推动海南自由贸易港建设国际旅游消费中心和开放型经济新高地;从权力逻辑看,海南自由贸易港构建了制度空间,能形成对政府权力的规训,推动海南建设全面深化改革开放试验区、国家生态文明试验区;从战略逻辑看,海南自由贸易港是新时代背景下“新国家空间”的一种形态,表征了国家重大战略服务保障基地、南海海洋命运共同体、全球治理中国方案等战略意义。论文运用空间生产框架从理论层面分析海南自由贸易港的地理学逻辑,能增进人们对中国改革开放实践的理解,对进一步深化改革和扩大开放具有参考价值。 相似文献
17.
2010年、20111年和2012年7月对北京翠湖湿地水环境进行跟踪调查与监测,评估湿地恢复之后翠湖湿地水环境的改善效果。恢复区水体pH值、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、电导率(EC)和溶解氧(DO)等指标在3年间都表现为下降趋势。其中,pH值从2010年的8.36降到2012年的7.44;TN从2010年的1.94 mg/L降到2012年的1.76 mg/L;TP从2010年的0.129 mg/L降到2012年的0.117 mg/L。说明翠湖湿地经过湿地恢复后,总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)去除效果明显,湿地水环境良好改善,水体自净能力得到加强。本研究可为湿地水环境恢复评估及管理提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
18.
2011年7月9日南苏丹举行了开国庆典,世界上最年轻的国家诞生了,而苏丹履行了诺言,成为第一个承认南苏丹独立的国家。压倒多数赞成独立的民意,国际社会的普遍欢迎态度,苏丹摆脱自身困境的考量,中国建设性的调解作用等,都是导致南苏丹独立进程能够和平顺利完成的原因与条件。南苏丹共和国的诞生是苏丹南方人民的共同意愿和自主选择。苏丹北南双方坚持和平选择,铸剑为犁,结束非洲历史上时间最长的内战,和平进程开花结果的实践,为冲突不断的非洲大陆和平解决类似矛盾与争端,争取建立好邻居、好伙伴、好兄弟的和睦关系提供了范式。 相似文献
19.