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1.
早侏罗世叶巴组与桑日群火山岩:特提斯洋俯冲过程中的陆缘弧与洋内弧? 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
雅鲁藏布特提斯洋的演化对研究青藏高原的形成具有重要的意义,一般认为广泛分布于拉萨地块南部叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩系是该特提斯洋早期的俯冲岩浆产物。本研究选取了拉萨附近达孜地区叶巴组中的2个中基性火成岩样品进行了锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb分析,结果显示其年龄分别为188±2Ma和175±2Ma,与已发表的叶巴组中酸性火成岩的形成时代(174~193Ma)一致,已发表的桑日群火山岩的年龄也在相同范围内,因此叶巴组和桑日群火山岩喷发时间主要为早侏罗世。叶巴组和桑日群基性及中酸性岩浆均类似岛弧型火山岩,但前者具有相对高的Nb、Zr含量,Th/Y比值及相对较低的La/Nb比值,呈现出大陆地壳组分增加的趋势,叶巴组火山岩表现为典型的大陆边缘弧特征而桑日群类似于洋内弧火山岩,桑日群火山岩分布于叶巴组南侧,并呈碎片似展布于拉萨地块南部,同时显示了与叶巴组不同的岩性组合,暗示同时代的叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩可能分别代表特提斯洋俯冲过程中的形成的陆缘弧和洋内弧。 相似文献
2.
存在比桑日群弧火山岩更早的新特提斯洋俯冲记录么？ 总被引：29，自引：7，他引：29
新特提斯洋的演化过程对于青藏高原的形成具有重要的意义,一直以来桑日群火山岩被认为是其俯冲作用的代表性岩浆记录.在拉萨以东发育的叶巴组火山岩,虽被认为早于桑日群的火山岩,但一直缺乏年代学的证据.本次研究选取了叶巴组的样品做了单颗粒锆石的LAM-ICP-MS定年,获得了174Ma左右的年龄,明显老于桑日群.同时,叶巴组火山岩具有与岛弧火成岩类似的地球化学特点：如大离子亲石元素相对富集,中基性火山岩表现明显的高场强元素HFSE的亏损.综合来看,叶巴组火山岩很可能是新特提斯洋向北俯冲作用的产物.如果这一点能够确证的话,新特提斯洋开始俯冲的时代将可以前推至早中侏罗纪或更早. 相似文献
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拉萨地块南缘日多地区叶巴组火山岩地球化学、年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
拉萨地块南缘日多地区叶巴组火山岩以中酸性熔岩及火山碎屑岩占绝对优势为特征。以墨竹工卡县以东日多地区叶巴组火山岩代表性岩石组合为对象进行了地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明,叶巴组火山岩具有轻稀土元素富集,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti(P、Hf)的地球化学特征。其中,基性火山岩具低钾、低钛和富钠、富铝的特征,Nb、Zr含量和Th/Y、Th/Yb、Ta/Yb值较高,而La/Nb值较低,呈现出大陆地壳组分增加的趋势。中酸性火山岩属中钾-高钾钙碱性系列,具有低钛、低镁和高铝的特征,微量元素含量及比值与大陆岛弧安山岩接近。叶巴组火山岩总体地球化学特征与陆缘弧火山岩相似。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得英安岩和流纹质晶屑凝灰岩~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为176.9±2.3Ma和162.2±3.3Ma,表明研究区叶巴组酸性火山岩形成于中侏罗世。锆石Hf同位素测试结果显示,εHf(t)值为2.43~11.42,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM)~C)为482~1065Ma,暗示叶巴组酸性火山岩源区除新生地壳物质的部分熔融外,还明显受到古老结晶基底的影响。结合前人研究成果,认为叶巴组形成于早中侏罗世雅鲁藏布江洋北向俯冲于拉萨地块南缘之下的陆缘弧环境。 相似文献
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西藏冈底斯岩浆弧叶巴组火山岩对于新特提斯洋俯冲时限的制约存在着重要的意义.通过对甲鲁朗地区叶巴组凝灰岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学组成的研究,锆石测年获得3件凝灰岩样品206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为207.8±1.6 Ma、204.8±1.7 Ma和209.3±3.4 Ma,结合古生物化石证据,表明其形成于晚三叠世;凝灰岩样品富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th、U、Pb),亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、P),同时亏损Sr元素,Eu负异常较明显.岩石地球化学特征表明叶巴组中酸性岩可能为壳幔混染成因.综合前人研究成果,认为叶巴组形成于新特提斯洋俯冲环境下的大陆边缘弧,新特提斯洋的俯冲从晚三叠世就已经开始.本研究为叶巴组的形成时代以及动力学背景提供了新的制约. 相似文献
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青藏高原南部广泛发育的林子宗火山岩蕴涵着新特提斯洋俯冲与印度—亚洲大陆碰撞过程的地质信息。为探讨冈底斯中段格达地区典中组火山岩的形成时代、岩浆源区及构造环境等特征,对其开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素测年和地球化学特征研究。研究结果表明: 该地区典中组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(61.6±1.0) Ma; 典中组火山岩相对富集LILE和LREE、亏损HFSE,具典型岛弧火山岩的特征; 岩浆源区主要来源于地壳物质部分熔融,是俯冲岛弧构造环境下新特提斯洋北向俯冲消减过程的产物。 相似文献
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西藏冈底斯东段叶巴组火山岩地球化学特征及其地质构造意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西藏冈底斯东段叶巴组火山岩的岩石地球化学特征研究表明:该火山岩为一套岩性连续分布的钙碱性火山岩,其中基性火山岩主要来源于岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并受到流体的交代作用,中酸性火山岩则主要来源于地壳的部分熔融.叶巴组火山岩形成于岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造环境,其动力来源应为新特提斯洋向北的俯冲消减.叶巴组发育的岛弧地区是形成具重要经济价值的VMS矿床的最佳地域.叶巴组火山岩的研究对早、中侏罗世的生物事件、气候变化以及海退或海侵事件也有重要的意义. 相似文献
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拉萨地块内部古特提斯洋早中三叠世仍在俯冲——来自火山岩和高压变质岩的证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重点对拉萨地块查曲浦组火山岩地球化学特征和工布江达地区岔萨岗岩组变质基性火山岩矿物特征、时代进行了研究。查曲浦组火山岩以中基性岩为主,具有从基性向酸性演化的特征,富集大离子亲石元素K、放射性生热元素U和Th,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti,轻稀土元素明显富集,具有类似于俯冲带火山岩的地球化学特征。岔萨岗岩组变质基性火山岩发育石榴石、角闪石等变斑晶,前者以铁铝榴石和钙铝榴石为主,后者包括镁质普通角闪石、铁质普通角闪石、韭闪石和铁阳起石等,它们是在高压、相对低温环境下形成的。变质基性火山岩中的锆石为具有新壳和老核的复合型锆石,新壳不具振荡环带结构,Th/U比值小于0.1,系后期构造-热事件形成;SHRIMP定年结果显示,新壳的U-Pb年龄分为2组:8个测点加权平均年龄为237.7±7.1 Ma(MSWD=1.3),与早中三叠世造弧运动对应;6个测点加权平均年龄为273.4±5.5 Ma(MSWD=0.15),与早中二叠世造弧运动对应;4个测点年龄值在304~346 Ma之间,为混合年龄,反映变质基性岩原岩时代至少为石炭纪。在以上基础上,结合前人资料,认为拉萨地块古特提斯洋在早中三叠世时期还在俯冲,于晚三叠世消亡。 相似文献
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西藏得明顶地区叶巴组火山岩地球化学特征和同位素U-Pb年龄证据 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
对西藏得明顶地区叶巴组英安岩进行了锆石SHRIMP的U-Pb测年,获得（192．7±1．3）Ma的年龄值可代表得明顶地区叶巴组的年龄,其形成时代为早侏罗世,与达孜县地区叶巴组火山岩近同期。地质年代学研究和岩石组合特征显示,得明顶地区的叶巴组岩性主要为一套浅变质安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩、酸性凝灰岩夹少量碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩,可分为上、中、下3部分。地球化学特征显示,叶巴组为一套中酸性火山岩,可能是雅鲁藏布江洋向北俯冲、消减的产物,形成于岛弧环境。 相似文献
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西藏桑日县地区中生代火山岩地层层序——基于锆石U-Pb 年龄及地球化学数据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原中生代时期新特提斯洋演化及其相应的岩浆作用一直是高原基础研究的热点之一,其系统研究对新特提斯洋及拉萨地块的地质演化具有重要的意义。以桑日县地区出露的叶巴组、桑日群比马组、桑日群麻木下组、旦师庭组火山-沉积岩系为研究对象,在详细的野外调查及前人研究基础上,选择麻木下组安山岩和旦师庭组火山凝灰岩样品进行锆石U-Pb测年,对叶巴组和桑日群比马组火山岩进行地球化学对比研究。结果表明,桑日群上部比马组火山岩（189.0±3.0~195.0±3.0Ma）与叶巴组火山岩（174.2±3.6~192.7±1.3Ma）均形成于早侏罗世,且两者具有相似的地球化学特征,均为钙碱性岛弧火山岩,表明二者可能形成于相同的构造背景。因此,将比马组从原桑日群中解体出来与叶巴组合并为同一套火山岩地层,而桑日群下部麻木下组（99.9±0.7~136.5±1.7Ma）的形成时间明显晚于比马组,属早白垩世火山岩地层,且具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,应单独建组;旦师庭组形成于93.7±1.2Ma,属晚白垩世地层,也单独成为一组。 相似文献
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青藏高原中生代时期新特提斯洋演化及其相应的岩浆作用一直是高原基础研究的热点之一,其系统研究对新特提斯洋及拉萨地块的地质演化具有重要的意义。以桑日县地区出露的叶巴组、桑日群比马组、桑日群麻木下组、旦师庭组火山-沉积岩系为研究对象,在详细的野外调查及前人研究基础上,选择麻木下组安山岩和旦师庭组火山凝灰岩样品进行锆石U-Pb测年,对叶巴组和桑日群比马组火山岩进行地球化学对比研究。结果表明,桑日群上部比马组火山岩(189.0±3.0~195.0±3.0Ma)与叶巴组火山岩(174.2±3.6~192.7±1.3Ma)均形成于早侏罗世,且两者具有相似的地球化学特征,均为钙碱性岛弧火山岩,表明二者可能形成于相同的构造背景。因此,将比马组从原桑日群中解体出来与叶巴组合并为同一套火山岩地层,而桑日群下部麻木下组(99.9±0.7~136.5±1.7Ma)的形成时间明显晚于比马组,属早白垩世火山岩地层,且具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,应单独建组;旦师庭组形成于93.7±1.2Ma,属晚白垩世地层,也单独成为一组。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
18.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献