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日本鳗鲡早期阶段耳石日生长轮形成的周期 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
于1990年4月从江苏太湖搜集日本鳗鲡亲鱼暂养在天津滨海虾场8t玻璃钢水槽中，经人工催熟催产后孵出仔鳗，对孵出仔鳗连续取样；于1989年4月在长江口采集白仔鳗，观察和比较二者的耳石生长轮形成。结果表明，（1）人工繁殖仔鳗耳石第一个生长轮是在孵出后第一天形成的，轮纹形成具有24h周期性；仔鳗孵出后生长天数与生长轮数关系的回归方程以y=0．23＋0．91x表示，其中，x为孵出后的天数，y为生长轮数;在人工繁殖仔鳗耳石上没有观察到“孵化标记”轮。（2）白仔鳗耳石中心核与“孵化标记”轮之间存在日生长轮。（3）人工繁殖仔鳗与白仔鳗耳石中心核同第一个生长轮比较表明，前者小于后者。 相似文献
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鳗鲡资源的合理开发利用及其保护对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鳗鲡是世界上分布广、种类较多的主要经济鱼类之一，在国际市场上深受人们的欢迎。由于鳗鲡生活史的特殊性，即一生中要经历二次大的往复于海洋一淡水间的长短距离洄游，一次是亲鳗至产卵场的产卵洄游；另一次是孵化后的仔鳗向近岸溯河的幼期洄游，就在这期间完成个体发育中的变态，即由柳叶体变成稚鳗。由于鳗鲡的人工繁育的生物学问题尚未完全解决，因此，国内外的鳗苗来源历来靠捕捞天然苗种，造成了鳗苗资源日趋匮乏。再加上人类活动对其生态环境的破坏，特别是海洋和江河的污染，使鳗苗资源更濒临衰竭。本文阐述了世界鳗鲡的种类、分布… 相似文献
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采用酶学分析的方法,以淡水组为对照,进行了盐度变化对花鳗鲡(Anguilla marmorata)[体质量(10.70±0.92)g]和太平洋双色鳗鲡(A. bicolor pacifica)幼鳗[体质量(12.11±0.79)g]鳃丝及肾脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力影响的研究。结果表明,经不同的盐度(5、10、18)处理,各处理组的花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力均呈现先降低后升高最后再降低并趋于稳定的趋势。前者24h时达到最低值,48h时盐度10处理组上升至与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),而盐度18处理组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。后者6h时达到最低值,12h时盐度5和18处理组达到最高值,24h时盐度10处理组达到最高值。盐度变化对花鳗鲡和太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗肾脏Na+/K+-ATP酶活力影响不明显。太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶酶活提升速度及提升幅度均强于花鳗鲡幼鳗,故认为在盐度范围0—18时,太平洋双色鳗鲡幼鳗比花鳗鲡幼鳗对盐度变化具有更强的适应能力。 相似文献
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欧洲鳗鲡膨化颗粒饲料养殖试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本实验用“海马”牌幼鳗膨化颗粒饲料和幼鳗粉状饲料进行了为期４９ｄ的欧洲鳗鲡养殖对比试验,结果表明,膨化颗粒饲料具有良好的适口性和较高的饲料效率（７０．８％）,可保证鳗于的正常摄食和生长,并能降低养殖用饲料成本,减轻对水质的污染,提高鳗鱼生长的均匀度。 相似文献
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鳗鲡目鱼类线粒体基因组的基因组成较为保守,在58个线粒体基因组中,仅有3个物种存在基因数量的差异。在19个鳗鲡目鱼类线粒体基因组中存在主编码基因的重排。主编码基因的变异位点分析结果支持nad5、nad4和nad2基因作为cox1和lrRNA基因辅助的分子标记。鳗鲡科Anguillidae的20个种(亚种)聚在一起,强烈支持鳗鲡科为单系群(BPP=100)。鳗鲡科下属的3个类群(大洋洲类群、大西洋类群和印度洋-太平洋类群)也同时得到有力的验证(BPP均为100)。线鳗科Nemichthyidae和锯齿鳗科Serrivomeridae亲缘关系最近,二者聚类后,与鳗鲡科Anguillidae构成姊妹群(BPP=100)。在囊喉鱼亚目Saccopharyngoidei中,宽咽鱼科Eurypharyngidae与囊鳃鳗科Saccopharyngidae聚类(BPP=100),同时,单颌鳗科Monognathidae与月尾鳗科Cyematidae聚类(BPP=100),4个科聚在一支,支持囊喉鱼亚目为单系群(BPP=100)。在囊喉鱼亚目线粒体基因组中,3个物种(吞鳗Eurypharynx pelecanoides、拉文囊鳃鳗Saccopharynx lavenbergi和杰氏单颌鳗Monognathus jesperseni)存在主编码基因的重排。16种鳗鲡(细美体鳗Ariosoma shiroanago、短吻颈鳗Derichthys serpentinus、凯氏短尾康吉鳗Coloconger cadenati、鸭颈鳗Nessorhamphus ingolfianus、龟草鳗Thalassenchelys sp.、粗犁齿海鳗Cynoponticus ferox、百吉海鳗Muraenesox bagio、巨斑花蛇鳗Myrichthys maculosus、大吻沙蛇鳗Ophisurus macrorhynchos、几内亚副康吉鳗Paraconger notialis、哈氏异康吉鳗Heteroconger hassi、小头鸭嘴鳗Nettastoma parviceps、弱头鳗Leptocephalus sp.、斑点长犁齿鳗Hoplunnis punctata、尖吻小鸭嘴鳗Facciolella oxyrhyncha和星康吉鳗Conger myriaster),与鳗鲡目线粒体主编码基因的原始排列相比,共享nad6基因的易位。同时,基于线粒体基因组13个蛋白质编码基因构建的系统演化树,强烈支持这16个物种聚为一支(BPP=100)。然而,由此而带来的海鳗科Muraenesocidae、拟鯙科Chlopsidae和糯鳗科Congridae是否为单系群的问题,值得今后深入探究。 相似文献
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日本鳗鲡早期阶段耳石中心核外周标记轮的观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１９８９年１０月自江苏太湖捕获到日本鳗鲡亲鱼，经暂养、人工催产后孵出仔鳗。对仔鳗耳石进行观察，发现耳石中心核外周存在标记轮，与１９９０年４月取样于长江口启东的白仔鳗耳石中心核外周的标记轮比较，两者无显著差别。两者耳石中心核与其外周标记轮之间都存在两个生长轮。人工培育仔鳗耳石标记轮（第３个日生长轮）的存在证实了白仔鳗耳石标记轮是第３个日生长轮。 相似文献
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ENSO对长江口日本鳗鲡苗捕捞量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ENSO是一种对世界渔业有重要影响的气候事件，对长江口日本鳗鲡苗的捕捞量也有一定影响．本文通过对1974～2003年的Nineo 3．4区的表层海水温度（SST）和长江口日本鳗鲡苗的捕捞量进行相关分析，以揭示彼此的相关性．1974～1982、1983～1993年崇明的鳗苗捕捞量和ENSO指标值基本成相反关系．1992—2003年长江口鳗苗总捕捞量和ENSO指标值也基本呈相反关系．此期厄尔尼诺发生时，鳗苗总捕捞量明显降低，而拉尼娜发生时则明显增加．进一步建立Nineo3．4区的水温距平值和当年鳗苗捕捞量增量关系，发现随着水温距平值增大，1974—1993年鳗苗捕捞量增量呈现增加趋势，但相关性并不显著．将其中3个强厄尔尼诺年的数据去除，则呈显著相关．相反，1993～2003年间，随着太平洋Nineo3．4区水温距平值增大，上海鳗苗捕捞量呈减少趋势，但相关性不显著，分别去除个别年份后则呈显著下降趋势．这主要是因为前一阶段是以拉尼娜事件为主体，水温距平值一定程度的增大，鳗苗捕捞量呈现增长趋势；而后一阶段主要以强厄尔尼诺事件为主．再采用当年鳗苗捕捞量增量和去年太平洋Nineo3．4区全年水温距平值建立相关，得出长江口鳗苗增量随去年水温距平值增加呈现显著上升趋势．其原因主要是由于ENSO影响长江口水温分布，而鳗苗补充需要一个最适温度范围．这进一步验证了非厄尔尼诺年后发生厄尔尼诺次年属鳗苗增产年度的理论．这些结果表明可将Nineo3．4区海表温度作为长江口日本鳗鲡苗捕捞量预测指标． 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献