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1.
达巴蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带西段南亚带,主要由地幔橄榄岩、基性岩脉和硅质岩组成,其形成时代和构造背景尚不清楚.首次报道了达巴蛇绿岩中基性岩脉的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学数据.达巴辉长岩和辉绿岩具有高的Al和Mg、低Ti、K和P,为低钾钙碱性玄武质岩石.岩石具有与N-MORB一致的稀土配分模式,但是N-MORB标准化蛛网图中显示Nb负异常,显示了受到俯冲板片流体的影响.辉绿岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为120.0±1.7 Ma,为早白垩世晚期,地球化学特征显示源自于低程度的尖晶石相地幔源区的部分熔融.结合前人研究成果,认为达巴蛇绿岩形成于与初始俯冲有关的弧前扩张中心,是受到俯冲板片流体交代的上覆地幔楔部分熔融的产物. 相似文献
2.
基性岩墙是研究大陆伸展裂解很好的证据,华北克拉通北缘在晚中生代发生了显著的拉伸作用,广泛分布着基性岩墙,河北省北部杨树沟基性岩墙就是其中的代表。锆石U-Pb年龄显示,基性岩墙的形成时代约为134.9±9.2Ma,为早白垩世岩浆事件的产物。在岩石化学组成上,SiO2(52.02%~57.79%)位于碱性和亚碱性过渡区,另外,基性岩墙的Na2O(3.77%~5.26%)大于K2O(2.17%~3.32%),MgO(1.88%~3.46%)含量较低,富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs,Rb,Ba和Sr)和轻微的Eu正异常(δEu=0.98~1.19,平均1.08),亏损高场强元素(HFSEs,Nb和Ta)及重稀土元素(HREE)。地球化学系统研究表明,研究区基性岩墙来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用,源区存在橄榄石、尖晶石、榴辉岩和角闪岩相的残余,同时,基性岩墙的形成可能与造山后伸展作用有密切联系。 相似文献
3.
班公湖－怒江洋闭合时限是中特提斯洋演化争论的焦点之一,而基性岩脉对于识别构造环境转变具有重要意义.本文对阿索地区侵入构造混杂岩带中的基性岩脉进行了1件LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定和10件全岩地球化学元素分析.辉长岩脉获得了102.90±0.86 Ma（MSWD=1.4）的谐和年龄,全岩地球化学分析显示基性岩脉属于亚碱性系列,钙碱性辉长闪长岩类,样品轻微富集轻稀土元素,富集大离子亲石元素Th、U、Pb等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta等.基性岩脉来源于被俯冲沉积物和板片流体改造过的亏损地幔源区,由尖晶石二辉橄榄岩高程度部分熔融形成,未经历明显的地壳混染过程.结合构造环境判别图解和前人研究结果,认为阿索地区的基性岩脉可能形成于早白垩世晚期伸展环境之中.系统收集研究区及附近120~95 Ma之间的岩浆岩数据,发现在110~100 Ma之间班公湖－怒江缝合带及两侧处于伸展环境之中,但不同区域伸展事件的时代有所不同,原因可能与班公湖－怒江洋的不均一闭合相关.班公湖－怒江洋最后的闭合时限可能在103 Ma左右. 相似文献
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琼南晚白垩世基性岩墙群的年代学、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究 总被引：20，自引：7，他引：20
系统的年代学、元素地球化学和Sr—Nd同位素地球化学研究表明，琼南晚白垩世基性岩墙群形成于81Ma，富K(K20约为1．95％～3．63％，K20／Na20约为0．61～1．12)、大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素和Pb，亏损高场强元素，具高的^87Sr／86Sr初始值(0．7078～0．7084)和负的εNd(t)值(—3．2～—2．3)，为典型的钾玄质系列岩石，类似于与俯冲环境相关的高K／Ti—低Ti钾质岩石。该岩墙群形成于“后碰撞弧”的板内拉张环境，源自与俯冲作用有关的富钾和大离子亲石元素的交代地慢，并经历了明显的以单斜辉石为主的结晶分异作用。此外，琼南基性岩墙群和粤北及福建沿海地区晚白垩世基性岩脉的对比表明，晚白垩世中国东南部岩石圈地慢组成存在区域性的差异，这种差异很可能与区域构造演化历史的不同有关。 相似文献
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班公湖中特提斯洋向南俯冲的时限:来自SSZ型辉长岩的制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
班公湖-怒江中特提斯洋的俯冲极性和俯冲时间一直存在争议。作者通过野外地质调查、岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学研究,从西藏班公湖蛇绿混杂岩带中识别出一套早白垩世SSZ型蛇绿岩,岩石组合上主要由辉长岩和玄武岩组成,还有少量的硅质岩和超基性岩。本文对辉长岩进行了全岩主、微量元素地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。地球化学组成特征显示,辉长岩富集轻稀土元素,重稀土元素平坦,相对富集大离子亲石元素,高场强元素存在一定亏损;Th/Ta比值与岛弧玄武岩相似(Th/Ta1.6),Ta/Hf比值较高(0.1),显示其既保留了俯冲环境的地球化学特征,也提供了伸展构造环境的信息。辉长岩中锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为129.2±0.4 Ma(MSWD=0.36),该年龄是班公湖-怒江缝合带中迄今报道的最年轻蛇绿岩年龄。结合区域地质背景,认为这套蛇绿岩形成于班公湖-怒江古洋盆西段向南俯冲形成的弧前盆地,而班公湖-怒江古洋盆北向俯冲可能始于早侏罗世,晚侏罗世形成双向俯冲格局,直到早白垩世洋盆关闭,晚白垩世进入陆内构造环境。 相似文献
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闽西南地区发育富集洋脊玄武岩（E-MORB）地球化学特征的基性岩墙,这对研究晚中生代中国东南部的构造岩浆作用具有重要指示意义.利用岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学、同位素地球化学等方法对早白垩世闽西南基性岩墙进行研究,岩墙以辉绿岩和角闪辉长辉绿岩为主,属于中-低钾岩石系列,Mg#值为55.80~66.38.锆石U-Pb年龄为117.4±3.8 Ma,为早白垩世晚期岩浆活动的产物.样品富集Rb、Ba、U、K、LREE等元素,无明显Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,显示出E-MORB的地球化学特征;（87Sr/86Sr）i=0.706 50~0.710 19、εNd（t）=-0.9~4.0,同位素Sr中等富集、Nd弱亏损.成岩过程有少量橄榄石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用,无明显地壳混染作用.由于太平洋板块受南岭E-W向巨厚岩石圈的阻碍,导致板片下插速率与邻区产生差异,局部撕裂形成板片窗,软流圈地幔物质沿“窗口”上涌并卷裹起板片上的海洋沉积物,在上升中发生交代作用形成具有E-MORB特征的地幔岩.在早白垩世晚期的大陆拉张-陆内初始裂谷背景下,伴随软流圈上涌富集地幔岩发生部分熔融,形成的基性岩浆上侵形成了闽西南基性岩墙. 相似文献
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新疆东部某铜镍矿床岩浆岩岩石地球化学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆某镍矿床矿体产于同源同期侵入的基性一超基性岩体内,其含矿岩石为橄榄岩、橄辉岩以及辉石岩,镍矿化无论从时间上和空间上都与岩体的侵位密切相关.从岩石地球化学的角度研究岩浆岩特别是超基性岩与成矿的关系,运用岩石化学各种图解分析,认为与该矿床形成密切相关的超基性岩为铁质超基性岩,具有贫铝的特点,通过分析认为该镍矿床的形成具有强的岩浆岩成矿专属性. 相似文献
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闽北角闪辉长岩的地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
赤门角闪辉长岩是中国东南部晚白垩世末基性岩浆活动的产物,分布在福建省南平市的北部,总体呈近NS向展布.岩石属于低钾(拉斑)岩石系列,富Al、Na2O>K2O的特征,岩浆演化过程中经历了以橄榄石、辉石、斜长石和Ti-Fe氧化物的分离结晶作用.赤门角闪辉长岩具相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE)的特性, 不相容元素蛛网图显示出消减带岩石的地球化学性质,以Nb、Ta、Ti负异常为特征.微量元素地球化学研究表明,赤门角闪辉长岩浆在上升侵位过程中未发生地壳物质混染,来自不含石榴石的富集岩石圈地幔岩部分熔融的产物,地幔源区的演化与太平洋板块俯冲密切相关.赤门角闪辉长岩形成于大陆拉张带-陆内初始裂谷的过渡环境.综合晚中生代的基性岩类资料,与形成较早的沿海辉长岩对比研究,赤门角闪辉长岩是拉张向裂谷转换体制下形成的过渡岩石类型,标志初始裂谷活动的开始. 相似文献
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连山关地区位于华北克拉通北缘铀成矿省辽东铀成矿带,以往的勘探发现铀矿周围大量基性岩发育,为进一步了解基性岩构造环境及其与铀成矿的关系,本文以钻孔深部基性岩为研究对象,通过岩石学、地球化学及年代学等研究,探讨基性岩的地质地球化学特征、形成时代、岩石成因及与铀成矿的关系.研究表明:钻孔深部基性岩以变辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩为主,具有钾、钠含量相当,过铝质等特征,属于碱性-过碱性系列岩石;稀土元素含量偏高,轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,轻重稀土元素分异作用不明显,Eu呈现中等程度负异常,Ce呈微弱负异常;微量元素Ba、La、Zr、Hf相对富集而U、K、P、Ti相对亏损.地球化学特点表明,研究区基性岩属于板内碱性玄武岩,源区为过渡型地幔,形成于大陆碰撞后伸展裂解的构造环境,并在上侵过程中存在地壳混染作用.连山关岩体南缘发育的韧性剪切带及相伴生的张性破裂为基性岩的就位提供空间.基性岩同时也为铀成矿提供热源、矿化剂及部分成矿流体.综合分析认为,造山期后伸展张裂阶段形成的基性岩与铀成矿关系密切,连山关岩体南部辽河群覆盖区可作为下一步重点找矿地段. 相似文献
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拉萨地块北部白垩纪多尼组火山岩的地球化学: 形成的构造环境 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
拉萨地块上广泛分布有中生代的岩浆活动, 研究它们对于认识特提斯构造域的演化和理解整个青藏高原的形成过程有着重要的启示.对出露于拉萨地块北部的白垩纪多尼组火山岩进行了系统的年代学以及元素地球化学研究, 达过和马跃乡地区的多尼组火山岩主体为酸性岩, 包括少量的玄武岩和玄武安山岩(中基性岩).火山岩的地球化学组成表明多尼组中基性岩具有高的Cr (平均为184×10-6) 和Ni (平均为43×10-6), 富集强不相容性元素Rb、Th、U, 而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti的特点, 显示明显的弧火山岩成分特征, 可能来源于具有较厚陆壳背境下的大陆边缘地幔楔的部分熔融; 而酸性岩具有相对高的SiO2、K2O、K2O/Na2O以及低的Mg# (最大值为32.4), 富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba以及Th、U、LREE等, 具有很高的Rb/Sr (1.06~4.47, 平均为2.73), 并且与拉萨地块南部林子宗群酸性火山岩具有非常相似的蛛网图曲线, 表明多尼组酸性岩与中基性岩可能来自不同的岩浆源区, 前者很可能来源于上覆地壳的部分熔融.通过对两个酸性岩样品中锆石的U-PbLA-ICPMS定年, 分别获得了116±1Ma和115±1Ma的年龄值, 显示多尼组火山岩形成于早白垩世中期.该地区多尼组火山岩形成的构造环境仍然存在两种可能性, 其一是新特提斯班公湖-怒江洋岩石圈向南俯冲导致了该火山岩的产生; 其二可能是早白垩世该地段的构造伸展作用导致加厚地壳的广泛部分熔融形成酸性火山岩, 并伴随陆下地幔的熔融事件产生的少量中基性火山岩. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献