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利用滇西北地区震例资料和已有预测指标研究成果,采用层次分析法建立区域综合预测指标体系,获得了各预测指标的权重系数,在此基础上计算综合判定指标Y值并进行预测效能检验。结果显示:(1)本文建立的层次分析结构充分考虑了异常的共性和群体特征,得到了16项预测指标的相对重要性排序,权重值相对较大的指标分别是短期预测指标中的水化学突跳、前兆准同步、小震活动异常以及中期预测指标中的定点形变异常、流体破年变等;(2)Y值考虑了各级预测指标的权重系数,减少了由异常频次来分析震情的主观性,综合预测结果更加合理。震例检验显示综合判定指标Y值与主震震级存在一定的线性关系,且随主震震级的增大而逐渐增大;(3)滇西北地区Y值可以较好地反映中强地震的震兆强弱程度和异常可靠性,为区域震情综合判定提供定量化决策依据。 相似文献
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概率地震危险性分析是对相关区域地震活动水平的估计,是量化地震危险性的有效手段。基于泊松分布模型获得山西地区背景地震概率,结合每个单项方法预测效能获取的指标权重,采用综合概率法得到山西地区基于多种单项预测方法的地震综合概率模型。对 1985年以来山西地区 MS ≥ 5.0地震进行回溯性检验,结果表明：异常点受控于统一应力场,震前各类（包括测震、形变、电磁以及流体学科）预测指标均存在且表现出准同步性;震级大小与异常数量呈一定正相关性,震级越大,异常指标越多,综合概率值越大。 相似文献
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依据《中国震例》（1966——1999收录的185次震例的2500多条地震活动及前兆异常资料,研究了各学科平均异常数量、空间分布范围、异常时间等统计特征及其与主震震级的关系．结果显示,地震学、形变、流体异常数量相对较多,且平均异常数量随震级增大有加速增长的趋势,前兆平均异常数量随震级的增加尤其明显．从地震学各方法来看,频次、空区、b值、条带等方法提供的异常数占总异常数量的1/2．前兆异常分布范围数倍于地震破裂尺度,形变、流体异常平均震中距随主震震级大体上呈线性增加．各类异常出现时间与未来主震震级定性正相关,即地震越大,出现的时间越早．研究结果还显示,当目标震级不高时（例如5——6级地震）,现有预测方法及手段可能不足以提供年时间尺度的地震预测依据．同时,流体和电磁等前兆学科在3年地震大形势预测研究,甚至是在年度预测研究中所能够发挥的作用,可能也不如人们所期望的那么大．本文较多震例的平均统计结果显示,随主震的临近,前兆异常空间分布向震中附近集中、收缩,同时异常数量明显增加．这一现象始于年尺度的中短期阶段而非更短时间的临震,同时本文亦未能够检测到前兆异常空间分布向外围明显的扩散过程．最后对《中国震例》前兆异常选取范围的合理性及对本文统计结果的可能影响进行了初步讨论. 相似文献
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汞主要来源于地球深部地幔岩石和岩浆,具有溶解度小、蒸气压低、穿透能力强等特点.地震前,汞在高温和强压力梯度下穿过不同的介质到达地表,导致汞震前异常.汞的前兆异常特征通常被用作地震前预测的重要指标.本文综合国内应用汞的地震观测案例,得出以下结论:(1)与气态汞相比,水溶性汞具有收集方便、不易受传输介质干扰、前兆异常幅度大等特征,易震前观测;(2)水溶性汞观测异常结束到发震时间间隔较长,而气态汞异常一般持续到地震发生;(3)震前汞的异常幅度通常是本底值的数倍至几十倍,这往往与震中距离、震级大小及地质构造有关;(4)对于5级及以下地震,水溶性汞异常范围通常在200 km以内,5~6级地震映震范围在500 km以内.此外,汞震前观测异常与孕震应力场作用下的地下流体活动有关,汞的同位素分馏技术提供了一种新的手段来解决断裂带汞的来源以及汞与地壳深部流体活动的关系. 相似文献
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从大震前中小地震活动的增强过程和大地震常常发生在异常区外围的现象出发,提出用描述地震分布时、空、强基本特点的空间集中度C、地震危险度D和地震强度因子Mf进行交汇预测未来中强地震,应用于华南地区的震例一般预测半径范围为2°,并总结了综合异常的中短期特征. 相似文献
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地震地下流体在地震预测研究与震情跟踪中发挥着重要作用.本文基于中国地震地下流体前兆观测台网所涉及的资料范围,系统收集了2008年四川汶川8.0级地震的可能地下流体前兆异常,分析了这些异常的空间展布、时空演化以及形态等总体变化特征.结果表明,收集到的68项异常均位于10-8应变量范围内,59项异常位于汶川8.0级地震3倍破裂区（约900 km）范围内,占异常总数的87%,这与国内外已发表的地下流体前兆异常空间分布范围和震级之间的关系相符,说明汶川8.0级巨大地震的前兆观测范围至少包含该地震3倍破裂尺度甚至更大;异常出现时间总体呈现出临近地震异常数量增多的特点,但异常数量并非逐渐增多,而是在震前5个月和1个月突然增多;异常形态特征复杂,水氡和水位总体呈现出趋势性异常特征,水温总体表现出短临变化特征,主要表现为震前1—3个月突升、突降或波动异常变化.此外,本文还结合国内外已发表的地震地下流体前兆异常以及地震孕育理论,讨论了异常的空间分布、时间尺度与未来震中的关系,这对深入认识地下流体前兆异常及产生机理都具有重要的现实意义和科学价值. 相似文献
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华南地区1998年度地震趋势分析——地震学异常度预测法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用地震学异常度预测法对华南地区的地震活动趋势进行再研究。丰富了华南地区的地震学异常度预测震例,地全区未来地震趋势作出了较蝗判断,尤其是对广西环江、荔波４．９级地震的跟踪预测和震后环境判定得出了令人信服的图象判据。 相似文献
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地下水位地震短临预报前兆标志体系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建立地下水位地震短临预报前兆标志体系的主要依据是：从以往的震例中总结、统计出的多种异常特征参量与地震三要素之间的定量关系。判定震级的异常标志有：异常分布范围、异常时空转换、异常数量、异常形态异常时间和异常幅度；判定发震时间的异常标志有：异常开始和转折时间、异常数量、异常形态异常时空转换和异常速率；判定发震地点的异常标志有：异常空间分布图象、异常数量 相似文献
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华南滨海断裂带地震危险性的数学模拟 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
华南滨海断裂带是南海北部规模巨大的活动断裂，其地震危险性的确定将为地震几地震工程提供地质背景依据，应用二维有限元分析和正交设计法反演南海北部及其今近地区的构造应力场，探讨可能发震的危险地段。研究结果表明，滨海断裂带的某些地段，尤其是滨海断裂带被ＮＷ向断裂切割的部位有一定的地震危险性。南海北部地区最主要的地震威胁来自巴士系断裂带和珠江口盆地南缘的ＮＷＷ向断裂带，对华南滨海断理解带潜在的地震危险性不宜 相似文献
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为了解决我国地震地下流体流动监测网络布设中目前存在的一些问题,以“坚固体孕震模式”为理论基础,以西秦岭北缘断裂带为研究对象,通过高密度地下流体背景值探测,结合地壳垂直形变特征以及地震活动性特征,寻找区域活动断裂带流体与形变以及地震活动的耦合段及断层气响应的灵敏点,综合判断断裂带活动分段性。断层形变、地震活动与地下流体活动有着良好的对应性与耦合关系,震源区均表现为“断层闭锁区”特性,发震地点都显示出一种相对平静的状态。基于以上研究,形成从活动断裂带—“坚固体”闭锁段—近震区前兆场地的追踪思路,规划具有一定物理预报思想的标准化断层气流动观测方案,并建立研究区域观测网络的雏形。这对今后全国地震重点危险区流体流动监测台网布设提供技术思路,并为我国地震预报、震情跟踪及防震减灾工作提供重要依据。 相似文献
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地震研究中的断层流体动力学问题 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
流体在断裂带地震周期中具有重要作用。 在地震流体研究中, 该文建议在如下几个方面加强研究力度: ① 断层渗透结构和断裂带古水文地质旋回的研究; ② 断裂带流体循环的尺度效应; ③ 流体分布、 循环与构造展布关系; ④ 断裂带深浅部流体关系研究。 在断层流体动力学研究中, 建议就某一发震断裂带开展系统研究, 并优先解决以下问题: ① 断裂带流体的起源和成分; ② 产生和维持高孔隙压力的构造环境和水文地质条件; ③ 断裂带及邻近岩体流体运移及重新分布的机制; ④ 取得断裂带孔隙压力变化的数量知识; ⑤ 垂直方向和水平方向流体孔隙压力变化范围; ⑥ 地震周期中流体迁移与孔隙压变化规律。 相似文献
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中国大陆近期地震活动性与中长期地震概率预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过地震震级概率预测方法得到的中国大陆各地震带１９９０￣２００５年地震危险性预测结果与近几年实际地震活动情况的对比研究。对这一方法及其实际预测效果有了更深入的理解。在此基础上，对中国大陆各地震带１９９６年７月至２００５年发生不同震级的地震概率进行了预测。结果表明，未来中国大陆继续处于１９８８年底以来的新一轮地震活跃阶段，中国东部地震发生概率继续增加，华北地块的北部边缘地震带和右江地震带有可能发生６ 相似文献
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MIGRATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN TIBETAN BLOCK AREA AND DISSCUSSION ON MAJOR ACTIVE REGION IN THE FUTURE 
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下载免费PDF全文 YUAN Dao-yang FENG Jian-gang ZHENG Wen-jun LIU Xing-wang GE Wei-peng WANG Wei-tong 《地震地质》1979,42(2):297-315
On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with MS7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out. 相似文献
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with MS7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out. 相似文献
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Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅｓｐａｃｅ┐ｔｉｍｅｃｏｈｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆＸｉａｎｓｈｕｉｈｅｆａｕｌｔｚｏｎｅｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｏｆｓｅｉｓｍｏｇｅｎｙＳＨＩ－ＢＩＡＯＷＡＮＧ（王时标）ＺＨＥＮ－ＸＩＮＧＹＡＯ（姚振兴）Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆ... 相似文献
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1936年广西灵山M6? 地震是华南沿海地震带内陆地区有地震记载以来发生的最大地震,由于当时仪器记录缺乏、时代相隔较长且未进行详细的现场调查,对该地震的基本参数尚存争议。本文在概述该地震地表破裂带基本特征的基础上,利用地震地表破裂带长度和最大同震位移等数据重新讨论了该地震的基本参数和发震构造。研究结果表明1936年灵山M6? 地震的宏观震中位于灵山断裂北段与友僚—蕉根坪断裂交会处一带,震级为M6.8左右,震中烈度达Ⅸ度强,罗阳山西北麓的灵山断裂为该地震的发震构造。 相似文献
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本文基于对我国华北地区地震活动在时间和空间不均匀分布的认识,吸收了近20年来地震预测方面的科研成果,采用目前国际通用的地震危险性概率分析方法,通过对华北区划的试验,对地震区划的原则和方法提出了如下改进: 1.以地震带作为地震活动性参数的统计单元.引入地震活动趋势估计因素,评定表征地震活动水平的年平均发生率,以使区划结果同预测未来时间段地震活动水平相适应; 2.采用按震级挡次分配各潜在震源区的年平均发生率,可以合理地评估高震级地震的危险程度; 3.采用以震级挡次为条件概率的空间分布函数,刻画地震带内各潜在震源区之间发生相应震级挡次地震的相对危险程度,使区划结果更好地反映地震活动在时间和空间上不均匀性分布的特点; 4.在地震危险性分析计算中,引入了方向性函数项,使得分析模型更接近我国地震震源的实际情况. 相似文献
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The Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone has great influence in eastern China. Studies have shown obvious signs of neotectonic activities on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. In this study, on the basis of the previous work, many seismological surveys are made along the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone and trenches are excavated in key sites. Combined with the analysis of the seismic activities along the fault, the fault movement features and future seismic risk are discussed. Much first-hand information obtained in the paper can provide an important reference value for the study of large earthquake recurrence rules and the mid and long-term earthquake prediction on the Xinyi-Wuhe segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone. 相似文献