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1.
1 IntroductionThe family Mitridae mainly distributes in tropicaland subtropical regions, particularly in the Indo—Pa-cific Ocean. Up to date, nearly 500 species have beendescribed in the world (Cernohorsky, 1976, 1991). InChina, the taxomonic and faunal research is very poor.Kuroda (1941) recorded 71 species from Taiwan, Chi-na (22 of them belong to the genus Vexillinae, which isplaced in family Costellariidae now as the species ofthis genus all have prominent axial cords or grooves onthe… 相似文献
2.
Studies of offshore wave climate based on satellite altimeter significant wave height(SWH) have widespread application value. This study used a calibrated multi-altimeter SWH dataset to investigate the wave climate characteristics in the offshore areas of China. First, the SWH measurements from 28 buoys located in China's coastal seas were compared with an Ifremer calibrated altimeter SWH dataset. Although the altimeter dataset tended to slightly overestimate SWH, it was in good agreement with the in situ data in general. The correlation coefficient was 0.97 and the root-mean-square(RMS) of differences was 0.30 m. The validation results showed a slight difference in different areas. The correlation coefficient was the maximum(0.97) and the RMS difference was the minimum(0.28 m) in the area from the East China Sea to the north of the South China Sea.The correlation coefficient of approximately 0.95 was relatively low in the seas off the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary. The RMS difference was the maximum(0.32 m) in the seas off the Changjiang Estuary and was0.30 m in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Based on the above evidence, it is confirmed that the multialtimeter wave data are reliable in China's offshore areas. Then, the characteristics of the wave field, including the frequency of huge waves and the multi-year return SWH in China's offshore seas were analyzed using the23-year altimeter wave dataset. The 23-year mean SWH generally ranged from 0.6–2.2 m. The greatest SWH appeared in the southeast of the China East Sea, the Taiwan Strait and the northeast of the South China Sea.Obvious seasonal variation of SWH was found in most areas; SWH was greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. Extreme waves greater than 4 m in height mainly occurred in the following areas: the southeast of the East China Sea, the south of the Ryukyu Islands, the east of Taiwan-Luzon Island, and the Dongsha Islands extending to the Zhongsha Islands, and the frequency of extreme waves was 3%–6%. Extreme waves occurred most frequently in autumn and rarely in spring. The 100-year return wave height was greatest from the northwest Pacific seas extending to southeast of the Ryukyu Islands(9–12 m), and the northeast of the South China Sea and the East China Sea had the second largest wave heights(7–11 m). For inshore areas, the100-year return wave height was the greatest in the waters off the east coast of Guangdong Province and the south coast of Zhejiang Province(7–8 m), whereas it was at a minimum in the area from the Changjiang Estuary to the Bohai Sea(4–6 m). An investigation of sampling effects indicates that when using the 1°×1°grid dataset, although the combination of nine altimeters obviously enhanced the time and space coverage of sampling, the accuracy of statistical results, particularly extreme values obtained from the dataset, still suffered from undersampling problems because the time sampling percent in each 1°×1°grid cell was always less than33%. 相似文献
3.
为研究东部型和中部型两类厄尔尼诺(El Ni?o)事件与中国近海海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)变化间的联系,基于中国科学院大气物理研究所连续80年(1940—2019年)的SST再分析数据,采用EOF分解、合成分析等方法做了初步分析,发现中国近海及毗邻海域近80年SST变化与全球变暖密切相关。并且两类El Ni?o事件对中国近海SST变化的影响存在显著差异。东部型El Ni?o事件发展过程中,中国近海及毗邻海域SST在发展年主要为负异常,衰退期为正异常;中部型ElNi?o事件发展过程中, SST变化区域差异大,发展年日本附近海域为正异常, 28°N以南为弱的负异常。两类El Ni?o事件引发西太平洋风场反气旋涡的时间、位置与强度等的不同,是造成中国近海风场与海表温度异常(sea surface temperature anomaly, SSTA)差异的主要原因。 相似文献
4.
唇口目、无囊亚目、枝室超科(Order Cheilostomata;Suborder Anasca; Superfamily Cellularinoidea) 的双胞苔虫科(Bicellariellidae Levinsen，1909)的种类十分丰富，它的成员从潮间带至4000 多米的深海海底，从热带海洋到寒冷的极地海域，都有广泛的分布。
双胞苔虫科群体通常直立，有时多少平卧(recumbent)，甚至松散被覆(encrusting)在基质上。分枝多数为双列，有时单列或多列。个虫(zooids)通常钙化弱，但几丁化强。在一列个虫中，每一个虫从其前位个虫的背面末端生出，故个虫末端多少重叠在其后续个虫的始端部分上。前膜(frontal membranes)通常大，常占个虫整个前表面，但有时较小，始端裸壁发达。个虫两侧通常内卷，整个个虫常呈陀螺形。刺通常存在，有端刺(distalspines)和侧刺(lateral spines)。有柄鸟头体(pedunculated avicularia)为双胞苔虫科所特有。有时无刺也无鸟头体。卵胞通常存在。群体分歧方式和粗胞苔虫科(Family Scrupocellariellidae)不同(图1)：两支子分枝的内列个虫来自不同的虫室。为了叙述方便，可用字母统一标注与分歧有关的个虫。A是准备分岐的两个交替排列的始位个虫。B是与A连续交替、位于分枝另一侧的末位个虫。E是与分歧中轴密切相关的后续个虫，称为轴个虫;C与D是Y状分枝的一枝(子分枝)的外列个虫，分别是A和B的直接后续个虫，在形状上它们与A和B一致，与A和B的区别在于它们彼此分歧，以便让其他两个后续个虫E和F嵌在它们中间。E来自A，位于A的内侧，F来自B，位于B的内侧，即群体分枝分歧后的两支子分枝的内列(个虫)来自不同的个虫: F来自B，G来自E。这是双胞苔虫科的分歧模式。 相似文献
5.
蛟龙号载人潜水器在位于雅普海沟北部6 745 m深处的底栖沉积环境中采集到两只石鳖样本,这是石鳖物种分布于此的新记录。形态学和DNA分子标记均支持两只石鳖为鳞侧石鳖属（Leptochiton）同一物种。该种在形态上与L.vanbellei和L.deforgesi接近;在系统发生方面,与L.vanbellei,L.deforgesi和L.boucheti的亲缘关系密切。这是截至目前世界石鳖分布报道的第三深度记录。 相似文献
6.
东中国海碳循环时空变化特征:三维物理-生物地球化学数值模型研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In the east of China's seas, there is a wide range of the continental shelf. The nutrient cycle and the carbon cycle in the east of China's seas exhibit a strong variability on seasonal to decadal time scales. On the basis of a regional ocean modeling system(ROMS), a three dimensional physical-biogeochemical model including the carbon cycle with the resolution(1/12)°×(1/12)° is established to investigate the physical variations, ecosystem responses and carbon cycle consequences in the east of China's seas. The ROMS-Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton Detritus(NPZD) model is driven by daily air-sea fluxes(wind stress, long wave radiation, short wave radiation, sensible heat and latent heat, freshwater fluxes) that derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP) reanalysis2 from 1982 to 2005. The coupled model is capable of reproducing the observed seasonal variation characteristics over the same period in the East China Sea. The integrated air-sea CO_2 flux over the entire east of China's seas reveals a strong seasonal cycle, functioning as a source of CO_2 to the atmosphere from June to October, while serving as a sink of CO_2 to the atmosphere in the other months. The 24 a mean value of airsea CO_2 flux over the entire east of China's seas is about 1.06 mol/(m~2·a), which is equivalent to a regional total of3.22 Mt/a, indicating that in the east of China's seas there is a sink of CO_2 to the atmosphere. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in sea water in the east of China's seas has an increasing rate of 1.15 μatm/a(1μtm/a=0.101 325Pa), but p H in sea water has an opposite tendency, which decreases with a rate of 0.001 3 a~(–1) from 1982 to 2005.Biological activity is a dominant factor that controls the pCO_2 air in the east of China's seas, and followed by a temperature. The inverse relationship between the interannual variability of air-sea CO_2 flux averaged from the domain area and Ni?o3 SST Index indicates that the carbon cycle in the east of China's seas has a high correlation with El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). 相似文献
7.
2016年10月采自北部湾海域的1尾鱼类标本经鉴定为线鳍鲆属Taeniopsetta Gilbert, 1905的眼斑线鳍鲆Taeniopsetta ocellata(Günther, 1880), 隶属于鲽形目Pleuronectiformes鲆科Bothidae, 这是该属和种首次在中国大陆海域的报道。线鳍鲆属的主要形态特征包括: 体长卵圆形; 双眼位于头左侧; 口小; 有眼侧和无眼侧均有1行小尖牙; 鳞细小, 仅体左侧有1条侧线; 雄鱼有1枚强吻棘和2或3枚眼棘, 雌鱼吻棘和眼棘很钝或无; 无眼侧腹鳍始于有眼侧第2根腹鳍鳍条基部右侧; 腹鳍基较短; 背鳍和臀鳍的部分鳍条延长成丝状。眼斑线鳍鲆的主要形态特征为: 两侧胸鳍不等长; 雄鱼背鳍的第13~17根鳍条及臀鳍的第1~6根鳍条延长成丝状; 体左侧背腹缘分别有2~4个不规则的“V”形或半圆形中空黑色斑块, 斑块内部具一黄色圆斑。 相似文献
8.
本文系统总结了中国科学院海洋研究所建所70年来,海洋化学研究的发展历程和主要科学贡献,在此基础上,提出了海洋化学的发展愿景。建国初期的中科院海洋研究所是我国海洋化学研究的主要奠基者和引领者,70年来一直是我国化学海洋学、海洋生物资源化学利用以及海洋腐蚀与防护等领域的中坚力量,为中国海洋化学的发展做出了不可替代的重大贡献。1950—1990年,系统获得了渤黄东海重要化学要素的分布特征,发现了黄东海溶解氧存在最大值系冬季保持而来;构建了大型海藻经济组分提取的系统化方案,奠定了世界最大规模海藻化学工业的基础;系统开拓了我国海洋腐蚀与防护领域的研究。1990—2020年,中科院海洋研究所的海洋化学研究全面与国际接轨,系统研究了中国近海化学要素特别是微痕量无机/有机组分的分布迁移转化特征及机制,提出了海洋生物地球化学研究的系统思路;研制成功褐藻多糖硫酸酯治疗肾衰新海洋药物,发现大量具有生物活性的海洋活性物质,在应用海洋化学领域也有重要进展。 相似文献
9.
中国是全球水产品的主要生产与出口大国,同时也是水产品进口大国。文章以中国水产品进口影响因素作为研究对象,对近年来中国水产品进口贸易现状进行分析,并测算对华出口水产品国家的贸易潜力。文章根据2008—2018年面板数据构建中国水产品进口贸易的随机前沿引力模型,研究中国人口数量、各国与中国的距离、各国渔业总产量、贸易伙伴国与中国以外国家签订贸易协定数量、各国清关效率和各国物流效率对于外国出口我国水产品的影响。通过分析发现：(1)中国人口数量、各国与中国的距离、各贸易伙伴国渔业产量、各国海关通关效率促进了贸易伙伴国对华出口水产品量;而伙伴国贸易协定数量、贸易伙伴国国内的流通效率反作用于贸易伙伴国对华出口水产品量。(2)通过测度对华水产品出口国的贸易效率和贸易潜力,发现2008—2018年主要对华出口水产品国家贸易效率和贸易潜力呈现上升的趋势。 相似文献
10.
Based on the morphocytological studies on Planktoreiella,two species of the genus, p. sol Schütt and p. formosa (Qian et Wang) are recorded in China''s seas. The renaming of the latter species is based on a careful study on Valdiuella formosa (Schimper ex Karsten) Karsten. 相似文献
11.
印度洋-西太平洋海洋动物谱系地理演化格局 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
印度洋和西太平洋海域,拥有大量浅海大陆架、边缘海和岛屿,孕育了全球最丰富的初级生产力和渔业资源,尤其是作为该区域陆源物质输入、两大洋能量汇聚中心和生物多样性中心的东印度三角,在全球海洋生物分布和进化中扮演了重要角色。本文结合物理海洋和化学海洋环境,通过线粒体基因和核基因等分子标记研究结果,归纳分析了印度洋和西太平洋区域海洋动物谱系生物地理演化格局及其可能的成因。具体结果如下:(1)雷州半岛-海南岛、冰期暴露的台湾海峡和长江冲淡水等沿岸海区,阻碍了海洋动物在海区间的扩散,南海、东海和黄、渤海广布类群,多由一个星状辐射谱系组成,种群经历最近的数量扩张和区域扩散,而仅分布于南海的物种,一般具有多个深度分歧的遗传谱系,种群呈现出数量平衡状态,同一广布物种的南海和东海种群,因区域海洋环境差异,种群数量动态演化历史不同;(2)黑潮影响区的沿岸广布类群,黑潮海流促进了顺流扩散、限制了跨海流基因交流;(3)东印度三角区,存在"华莱士线"、"赫胥黎线"和"印度洋-太平洋线"等生物地理边界,该区域海洋或咸淡水溯河洄游动物多呈现为分布在生物地理边界两侧的2个遗传谱系;(4)西太平洋,存在与目前东西向大洋环流垂直的南北向跨赤道扩散和基因流现象,可能受到目前南北向随季节反转的沿岸流和深层海流影响;(5)印度洋东西海岸共享物种,受印度洋西向赤道流影响,海洋动物多由东印度洋向西印度洋跨洋扩散;(6)西印度洋广布物种/类群,呈现了两种不同种群分化格局——遗传同质均一种群和深度分化的遗传谱系;(7)东、北印度洋和南海区域共享大量物种,可能是海盆间双向扩散的结果;(8)海洋生物谱系生物地理进化史信息,可以用于地质事件、海洋环流和古气候重建。 相似文献
12.
船舶压舱水可引起外来生物入侵,国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization, IMO)因此制定了具有约束力的压舱水公约,已于2019年1月对我国正式生效。大量研究证明船舶压舱泥是有害藻华种类特别是有害甲藻孢囊的携带者。另一方面,有害藻华在我国近三十年频发,尤其是新的种类不断出现。因此,这种态势是否与压舱泥带来的外来种入侵有关是一个具有重要科学和现实意义的问题。我们最近的工作表明,此前国内外通过形态学方法对压舱泥的检测都大大地低估了甲藻孢囊的种类多样性和样品间种类组成的异质性。因此,必须通过更深入全面的实证研究对外源有害藻华甲藻通过压舱泥入侵我国海域进行风险评估。本文从如下几个方面进行了综述与讨论：(1) 船舶压舱水(泥)与有害藻华地理扩散;(2) 国内外有关压舱泥中甲藻孢囊多样性的检测与溯源研究;(3) 我们对美国港口船舶压舱泥的检测发现压舱泥中甲藻孢囊具有很高的种类多样性和样品间的异质性。最后从我们最近的工作及与文献报道的工作比较获得了几个重要的科学问题。在评述国内外研究成果和前期研究结果基础上,提出有必要通过更大量、广泛的国际船舶压舱泥和中国全海域沉积物取样、高通量测序的分子鉴定与形态观察、单孢囊分子-形态鉴定、孢囊萌发、全面生信分析相结合的技术路线,实证性地评估有害藻华种类通过压舱泥入侵中国的风险,并以此建立对新出现藻华种类溯源或判断是否外来种入侵的基本依据,同时为海关职能部门的检验执法提供依据。 相似文献
13.
论证南海海疆国界线 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
According to a series of important historical maps,i.e.,the Location Map of the South China Sea Islands,the Nansha Islands,Zhongsha Islands,Xisha Islands,Yongxing Island and Shidao Island,and Taiping Island(archived by the Territorial Administration Division of the Ministry of Interior of Republic of China in 1946),and the Administration District Map of the Republic of China published in 1948,the dashed line surrounding the South China Sea Islands represents China's sea boundary in the South China Sea at that time.It was both connected with,and an extension of,the land boundary of China.At that time the dashed line was used to represent the waters boundaries while the solid line was used to represent the land boundary—a universal method used in maps that was then recognized internationally.The above observation provides historical and scientific evidence of China's sea boundary in the South China Sea that is useful for the international maritime delimitation over the South China Sea area. 相似文献
14.
东海蛾螺属二新记录种(腹足纲,蛾螺科) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在整理近年来东海采集的蛾螺科Buccinidae标本时,鉴定出属于蛾螺属Buccinum Linnaeus,1758的两个中国新记录种:(1)白肋蛾螺Buccinum leucostoma Lischke,1872,采自于东海300—400m深的泥沙质海底;(2)古式蛾螺Buccinum koshikinum Okutani,1988采自于东海400m深的泥沙质海底。文中分别对这两个新记录种的形态特征、生活习性等进行了描述,并与相似种进行了分类学讨论。此外,文中还列出了中国海已报道的其他蛾螺属种类。 相似文献
15.
16.
Technical foundation research on high resolution remote sensing system of China''s coastal zone 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
China‘s coastal zone is a region with a highly developed economy that contrasts clearly with the slow paced regular investigation on its natural environment, which cannot keep pace with the requirement of economic development and modem management.Laying a theoretical foundation for the modem management of China‘s costal zone is aimed at.This research focuses on the following processing and analyzing technologies for coastal zone high-resolution remote sensing data: organization and management of large amounts of high-resolution remote sensing data, quick and precise spatial positioning system,algorithms for image fusion in feature level and coastal zone feature extraction. They will form a technical foundation of the system. And, if combined with other research results such as coastal zone remote sensing classification system and its mapping subsystem, an advanced technical frame for remote sensing investigation of coastal zone resource will be constructed. 相似文献
17.
The taxonomic richness and geographic distribution of sponges stranded along Sardinian shores were investigated in the long term by means of a revisited ancient sampling method in order to support a comprehensive species inventory. Almost all stranded species were Keratosa (n = 20), plus 6 species of other Demospongiae taxa. Dictyoceratida were dominant, with 6 genera and 19 species of the families Irciniidae, Spongiidae and Thorectidae: 9 Mediterranean endemics, 7 Atlanto‐Mediterranean and 3 widespread species. Regarding Dendroceratida, only the genus Spongionella was found. Some species (n = 8) were recorded for the first time in circum‐Sardinian seas. A high percentage (54.3%; 19 out of the 35 species) of the total Mediterranean Dictyoceratida fauna was recorded, including the most endangered Mediterranean species, that is of the genera Spongia and Hippospongia. Hippospongia communis, Ircinia variabilis, Spongia zimocca and Spongia officinalis were the most common species. Morphotraits of rare and/or poorly known species were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparison among Sardinian sectors, and between Sardinian and adjacent seas, revealed a high similarity of stranded Dictyoceratida, despite the fact that the data from Tyrrhenian and Balearic–Catalan seas were collected mainly from SCUBA records. The cost‐effective sampling method used in the present study seems appropriate to the gross qualitative monitoring of coastal areas (e.g. large unexplored Northern African coasts), in order to assess the conservation status of Mediterranean Keratosa species. The wide distribution of all Mediterranean bath sponge species indicates their good conservation status in circum‐Sardinian seas, a datum that could usefully support the future management of this bioresource, particularly in protected areas. 相似文献
18.
海洋经济发展是海洋强国战略目标实现的关键内容,为海洋强国建设提供基础动力。文章运用时变随机前沿引力模型和贸易指数分析法,计算出口贸易拓展空间（TS）和海洋高科技产品进口依赖度（IRCA）两项指标,结合波士顿矩阵分析法研究中国在RCEP自贸区内海洋高科技产业出口贸易前景。研究结果表明,中国与RCEP成员国的海洋高科技产品贸易前景光明,有较大贸易拓展空间,但是在不同海洋高科技产品细分市场上的具体情况存在较大差异。此外随机前沿引力模型结果表明,整体而言中国经济规模以及RCEP自贸区其他成员国经济规模对中国海洋高科技产品出口贸易存在显著促进作用。RCEP正式生效后将为中国海洋高科技产品贸易带来战略机遇,中国应采取相应措施,提升国内海洋产品产业和企业竞争力,扩大中国海洋产业尤其是海洋高科技产业贸易,大力提升我国海洋经济强国能力,积极寻求我国海洋经济强国道路。 相似文献
19.
浮游软体动物是海洋中各种终生营浮游生活的软体动物的概称,为海洋浮游动物的一大类群,一般属于腹足纲(Gastropoda)。如前鳃亚纲(Prosobranchia)中的异足亚目(Heteropoda)及海蜗牛科(Janthiniidae),后鳃亚纲(Opisthobranchia)中的翼足目(Pteropoda)、腹翼螺科(Gastropteridae)、波叶海牛科(Phyllirrhoidae )及海神鳃科(Glaucidae)等。其中以翼足目、异足亚目及海蜗牛科为三个主要类群,其余三科无论种类或数量都非常少。
浮游软体动物大多数为暖水性、营大洋上层生活的种类,仅有极少数冷水种及深水种。有的种类在极海出现数量很大,为鲱鱼、鲸及某些海鸟的普通饵料;某些种类在暖海有时出现数量也相当可观,可能也会有一定的饵科意义(如Okutani, 1960,发现Argonauta boettgeri捕食龟螺;著者1960年在广东水产研究所采集的大眼鲷的胃含物中发现明螺。它们的死壳沉积于海底,为生物性沉积的一个组成部分,在热带海形成有名的翼足类软泥,在海洋学上,有的种类已被取用为水团或海流指标。在海洋动物地理学上,也已根据它们的分布特点,对大洋上层浮游动物区系进行过区划。
我国海浮游软体动物的研究工作,迄今还比较零散。 本文整理了中国科学院海洋研究所历年采集的标本、全国近海调查(1958-1960)的标本、中苏东海渔场调查(1958)的沉积样品及浙江近渔场调查(1960)的部分活体标本,共记录了我国近海浮游软体动物11科、28属、59种及6个变种,其中有1个新属、3个新种及1个新变种。以我国近海来说,其中除15种外,其他全为新记录;就南海与东海的全范围而论,约半数的种类为新记录。在本文记录中,翼足类为7科、19 属、35种及6个变种(Agadina属除外),约占翼足类总种数的1/3;异足类3科、8 属、20种,包括异足类所有的科、所有的属及绝大部分的种;海蜗牛类为2种。
另外的几科浮游软体动物,在我国海也有代表,将在以后另文报告。各种浮游软体动物在我国近海的分布状况,亦将另文论述。文中各种类的描述及插图,都是根据著者的实际观察结果。 相似文献
20.
西太平洋及其边缘海的浮游动物系统分类、物种多样性及新物种-中国海洋生物分类专著的简要编目 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生物多样性的研究和保护首先从认识物种开始,并需要内容全面的的基础资料,这很大程度上依赖于通过现场调查和文献研习所获得的物种编目和分布图集研究成果。由于分类学人才储备不足,重要标本的收集和鉴定变得越来越困难。西太平洋是全球海洋生物种源中心,许多海洋生物类群的最高物种多样性都出现于该区域。本文在西太平洋及其边缘海（105-152°E,0–45°N）701个测站获取的6203份浮游动物样品分类鉴定基础之上,对1965-2008年该区浮游动物主要类群的系统分类、物种多样性和新物种新纪录进行了汇编和总结。本文共记录和编入西太平洋及其边缘海10个浮游动物类群206科686属2657种（含亚种）。包括水螅水母类99科251属697种,栉水母类12科22属59种,浮游软体动物14科36属85种,介形类8科91属416种,桡足类51科156属908种,糠虾类4科60属202种,磷虾类2科8属56种,十足类8科23属105种,毛颚类5科13属48种,被囊类5科26属81种。文中详细列举了10大类群的主要优势种,并记述了筒螅水母科2新种以及棒状水母科1新属2新种。许多赤道热带海、高纬度寒带海、深海深层的浮游动物物种在我国首次记录,较以往我国所记录的1852种增加了806种,增录43.5%,包括赤道热带种增录1.4%,高纬度冷水种增录3.5%,深海深水种增录3.2%。作者还对中国海洋浮游动物研究的5个主要领域进行了展望。本文的定性系统分类信息对海洋浮游动物多样性和生物地理学研究具有重要意义,特别是对2008年以后中国海洋生物种类全面系统总结的专著而言。 相似文献