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1.
THE ORIGIN OF DOUBLE HIGH CONDUCTIVITY LAYERS IN THE CRUST OF SOUTHERN TIBET AND ITS GEODYNAMIC CONSEQUENCE 相似文献
2.
印度—亚洲俯冲带结构——岩浆作用证据 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：31
在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞之后 ,两个大陆之间是否存在大陆俯冲是关系到高原地壳加厚、隆升等构造演化模式的重要问题。近 2 0年来以各种地球物理方法为主的深部探测结果揭示了青藏高原的岩石圈结构 ,表明印度向亚洲下部的俯冲是存在的 ,但是其俯冲的规模仍存在争议。不同观点认为印度岩石圈前缘已经到达班公—怒江缝合带的下部约 2 0 0km深度、俯冲在整个西藏岩石圈深部、或者仅仅越过雅鲁藏布江断裂。地热泉He同位素、碰撞后岩浆作用的年代学、岩石学与地球化学研究结果表明冈底斯带与高原北部地区具有相同的岩石圈地幔源区 ,并且存在印度板块在 13～ 2 5Ma之前就俯冲在冈底斯带西部的岩石学和地球化学证据 ,考虑到印度板块的持续向北运动 ,则岩浆作用支持印度岩石圈现今已经达到或者越过班公—怒江缝合带的俯冲模式。 相似文献
3.
CRUSTAL STRUCTURE IN EASTERN REGION OF QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU 相似文献
4.
青藏高原的地幔结构:地幔羽、地幔剪切带及岩石圈俯冲板片的拆沉 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
通过横穿青藏高原近 80 0 0km长的 4条天然地震层析剖面 ,获得 4 0 0km深度以上的地壳和地幔速度图像及地震波各向异性 ,揭示了青藏高原 4 0 0km深度范围内的地壳和地幔结构特征。地幔速度图像显示 ,青藏高原腹地的深地幔中存在以大型低速异常体为特征的地幔羽 ,其可能通过热通道与大面积分布的可可西里新生代高钾碱性火山作用有成因联系 ;阿尔金、康西瓦、金沙江、嘉黎及雅鲁藏布江等走滑断裂可下延至 30 0～ 4 0 0km深度 ,显示了低速高热物质组成的垂向低速异常带特征及大型超岩石圈或地幔剪切带的产出 ;发现康西瓦、东昆仑—金沙江、班公湖—怒江和雅鲁藏布缝合带下部存在不连续的高速异常带 ,可以解释为青藏高原地体拼合及碰撞过程中可能保留的加里东、古特提斯和中特提斯大洋岩石圈“化石”残片 ,是“拆沉”的地球物理证据。印度大陆岩石圈的巨厚俯冲板片以 15～ 2 0°倾角向北插入唐古拉山下 30 0km深处 ,并被高热物质组成的地幔剪切带分开。结合新的横穿喜马拉雅及青藏高原的地幔层析资料 ,提出青藏高原碰撞动力学新模式 :青藏高原南部印度岩石圈板片的翻卷式陆内超深俯冲 ,北缘克拉通向南的陆内俯冲 ,腹地深部的地幔羽上涌 ,以及地幔范围内的高原“右旋隆升”及物质向东及北东方向运动及挤出。 相似文献
5.
中国东北地区地热资源及热结构分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在我国东北地区，盆地的热流高而在山区和地台区（额尔古纳和佳木斯地台）热流较低，通过对该区的研究发现，在地壳和上地幔中莫霍面埋深，高导层埋深和热流值之间存在着密切的联系，通过对该区热流数据分析我们可以得到这样的结论：该区的地壳和上地幔的热结构引起了热流分布的变化。计算结果还表明，该区地台的地幔热流，地壳中10km以下和10km以上的热流对地表热流的贡献不同。该区松辽盆地中广泛分布着传导型中低温地热资源，对松辽盆地地热资源的开发利用有着广泛的前景。最后结合已有的地质和物探资料，还给出了长白山天池火山地区长白温泉地热系统的概念性模型。 相似文献
6.
本文根据大量实测数据,首次系统地报道了中国西北地区塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地和柴达木盆地内的岩石热导率、岩石放射性生热率数据及其分布特征.对600多个岩石热导率和100多个实测岩石生热率的统计分析表明,沉积盆地中岩石的热物理性质与其岩性、埋藏深度和地层时代密切相关.随深度和地层时代的加大,岩石热导率增大;塔里木盆地的岩石热导率的总体平均值最大,而柴达木盆地的最小.岩石生热率在上地壳的分布是随深度的增加而减小的,但在沉积盆地的深度范围内几乎不变,其分布是均匀的,仅不同岩性的生热率差别较大.估算的岩石放射性生热产生的热量可以占到盆地地表热流的25%～45%.因此,岩石热物理性质的参数不仅与盆地的地温分布和大地热流特征密切相关,还可以为该地区盆地热历史恢复及深部地球物理的研究提供有效的参数和边界条件. 相似文献
7.
New values of surface heat flow are reported for 13 deep borehole locations in the Northeast German Basin (NEGB) ranging from 68 to 91 mW m− 2 with a mean of 77 ± 3 mW m− 2. The values are derived from continuous temperature logs, measured thermal conductivity, and log-derived radiogenic heat production. The heat-flow values are supposed free of effects from surface palaeoclimatic temperature variations, from regional as well as local fluid flow and from thermal refraction in the vicinity of salt structures and thus represent unperturbed crustal heat flow. Two-D numerical lithospheric thermal models are developed for a 500 km section along the DEKORP-BASIN 9601 deep seismic line across the basin with a north-eastward extension across the Tornquist Zone. A detailed conceptual model of crustal structure and composition, thermal conductivity, and heat production distribution is developed. Different boundary conditions for the thickness of thermal lithosphere were used to fit surface heat flow. The best fit is achieved with a thickness of thermal lithosphere of about 75 km beneath the NEGB. This estimate is corroborated by seismological studies and somewhat less than typical for stabilized Phanerozoic lithosphere. Modelled Moho temperatures in the basin are about 800 °C; heat flow from the mantle is about 35 to 40 mW m− 2. In the southernmost part of the section, beneath the Harz Mountains, higher Moho temperatures up to 900 to 1000 °C are shown. While the relatively high level of surface heat flow in the NEGB obviously is of longer wave length and related to lithosphere thickness, changes in crustal structure and composition are responsible for short-wave-length anomalies. 相似文献
8.
西藏及其周围地区地壳、地幔地震层析成像——印度板块大规模俯冲于西藏高原之下的证据 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
文中介绍有关西藏—喜马拉雅碰撞带的一项地震层析成像研究。根据一个用天然地震数据产生的全球波速模型 ,印度板块有可能以近水平状俯冲于整个西藏高原之下至 16 5～ 2 6 0km深度。西藏岩石圈具有低波速地壳和高波速下岩石圈 (75～ 12 0km深 )。在 12 0～ 16 5km深度范围 ,西藏岩石圈与俯冲的印度板块之间有一层低速软流圈物质。高原中部从地表到 310km深处有一低速体 ,说明地幔物质有可能穿过俯冲板块的脆弱部位上隆。这些结果以及野外实测的地壳缩短值说明高原的抬升得助于印度板块的近水平俯冲。我们推论俯冲印度板块的升温上浮以及上覆软流层的存在是造成西藏高原高海拔抬升以及内部地表仍相对平坦的主要原因。2 0 0 1年 1月 2 6日在印度西部发生的毁灭性大地震有可能是俯冲应力在印度板块后缘薄弱处引发的岩石圈大断裂。 相似文献
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10.
ZHENG Hongwei LI Tingdong HE Rizheng YANG Hui NIU Xiao ZOU Changqiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(4):1159-1166
To better understand the lithosphere mantle collision tectonics between the India plate and Asia plate, we determine three dimensional P wave velocity structure beneath western Tibet using 27,439 arrival times from 2,174 teleseismic events recorded by 182 stations of Hi-CLIMB Project and 16 stations in the north of Hi-CLMB. Our tomographic images show the velocity structure significantly difference beneath northern and southern Qiangtang, which can further prove that the Longmu Co-Shuanghu ophiolitic belt is a significant tectonic boundary fault zone. There are two prominent high velocity anomalies and two prominent low velocity anomalies in our images. One obvious high velocity anomalies subduct beneath the Tibet at the long distance near 34°N, whereas it is broke off by an obvious low velocity anomaly under the IYS. We interpret them as northward subducting Indian lithosphere mantle and the low velocity anomanly under IYS likely reflects mantle material upwelling triggered by tearing of the northward subduction Indian lithosphere. The other prominent high velocity anomaly was imaged at a depth from 50 km to 200 km horizontal and up to the northern Qiangtang with its southern edge extending to about 34°N through Hoh Xil block. We infer it as the southward subducting Asia lithosphere mantle. The other widely low velocity anomaly beneath the Qiangtang block lies in the gap between the frontier of India plate and Asia plate, where is the channel of mantle material upwelling. 相似文献
11.
Claus Prodehl 《Tectonophysics》1981,80(1-4):255-269
The crustal structure of the central European rift system has been investigated by seismic methods with varying success. Only a few investigations deal with the upper-mantle structure. Beneath the Rhinegraben the Moho is elevated, with a minimum depth of 25 km. Below the flanks it is a first-order discontinuity, while within the graben it is replaced by a transition zone with the strongest velocity gradient at 20–22 km depth. An anomalously high velocity of up to 8.6 km/s seems to exist within the underlying upper mantle at 40–50 km depth. A similar structure is also found beneath the Limagnegraben and the young volcanic zones within the Massif Central of France, but the velocity within the upper mantle at 40–50 km depth seems to be slightly lower. Here, the total crustal thickness reaches only 25 km. The crystalline crust becomes extremely thin beneath the southern Rhônegraben, where the sediments reach a thickness of about 10 km while the Moho is found at 24 km depth. The pronounced crustal thinning does not continue along the entire graben system. North of the Rhinegraben in particular the typical graben structure is interrupted by the Rhenohercynian zone with a “normal” West-European crust of 30 km thickness evident beneath the north-trending Hessische Senke. A single-ended profile again indicates a graben-like crustal structure west of the Leinegraben north of the Rhenohercynian zone. No details are available for the North German Plain where the central European rift system disappears beneath a sedimentary sequence of more than 10 km thickness. 相似文献
12.
利用天然地震震相探讨阿尔金地区地壳结构 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文利用阿尔金地区的宽频地震数据,对布设在该区的１０个宽频地震台站用接收函数方法进行了速度结构反演,反演的初步结果发现,若至花土沟剖面在２０ｋｍ深度处有一条厚度达５～１０ｋｍ的低速带断续出现,莫霍界面呈台阶状展布,北部浅,南部深;塔里木盆地南缘的地壳厚度为４０～４２ｋｍ左右;在阿尔金南,北缘断裂两侧台站下方莫霍深度的错断约６．５～８ｋｍ,在柴达木盆地北缘,莫霍面的深度达５０ｋｍ以上,Ｓ波速为４．５ 相似文献
13.
青藏高原隆升对新疆天山山脉地壳-上地幔构造的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据地震层析和接收函数的结果获得了天山山脉东段和西段的深部构造的速度图像,探讨了印度板块向北推进和青藏高原隆升对天山山脉造山作用的影响以及天山山脉不同地段的地壳上地幔构造的差异。克拉玛依—库车剖面上清楚地展示出,天山是由高速和低速的地体拼合而成。来自塔里木的高速体向北俯冲到天山达200km以下的深度,而来自准噶尔盆地的高速体则没有明显地向南推进,说明由南向北的推进是很强的,它是造成天山山脉继续隆升的主要动力,从而造就了天山山脉。天山山脉在Moho面以上的部分是中天山北缘断裂和中天山南缘断裂之间的低速体与两侧的高速体拼合成的,其南北宽度约350km,向深度延伸越过200km。塔里木盆地和准噶尔盆地均为高速体的范围,天山山脉东段Moho面以上的地壳部分,南部高速体有向北推进和俯冲的特征,但不明显。夹在两盆地之间的天山主要为低速体,仅在乌鲁木齐和北天山山前断裂以南有残留的高速体,深度不超过30km,这表明天山是由速度不同的地质体挤压而拼合成的。天山延伸到乌鲁木齐以东,向深部的延伸仅仅100km上下。在富蕴—库尔勒剖面上,塔里木板块向北的推进相对于克拉玛依—库车剖面有所减弱。天山西段表现出强烈的造山作用,向东逐步减缓,到达天山的东段,虽然天山深部的构造活动仍然在继续进行,地震活动频繁,可是,活动区域集中在天山底部不过100km上下。说明山根的范围比西部减少了近一半。 相似文献
14.
西藏厅宫铜矿激电异常特征及找矿效果的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对西藏尼木县厅宫铜矿激电异常及其特征的分析研究,指出了在该成矿地质-地球物理背景上用物探电法寻找斑岩铜矿的思路及方法技术,并就有关找矿效果等问题进行了初步的探讨,希望对在冈底斯带应用勘查地球物理方法探寻斑岩铜矿有所裨益. 相似文献
15.
Partial Melting and Its Implications for Understanding the Seismic Velocity Structure within the Southern Tibetan Crust 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
YANG Xiaosong MA Jin JIN Zhenmin GAO Shan MA Shengli Geology Institute China Seismological Bureau Beijing Laboratory of Tectonophysics China Seismological Bureau Beijing Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 《《地质学报》英文版》2003,77(1):64-71
In order to constrain the crustal wave velocity structure in the southern Tibetan crust and provide insight into the contribution of crustal composition, geothermal gradient and partial melting to the velocity structure, which is characterized by low average crustal velocities and widespread presence of low-velocity zone(s), the authors model the crustal velocity and density as functions of depth corresponding to various heat flow values in light of velocity measurements at high temperature and high pressure. The modeled velocity and density are regarded as comparison standards. The comparison of the standards with seismic observations in southern Tibet implies that the predominantly felsic composition at high heat flow cannot explain the observed velocity structure there. Hence, the authors are in favor of attributing low average crustal velocities and low-velocity zone(s) observed in southern Tibet mainly to partial melting. Modeling based on the experimental results suggests that a melting percentage 相似文献
16.
Lower-crust S-wave velocity beneath western Yunnan Province from waveform inversion of dense seismic observations 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
We use teleseismic body waveforms to explore S-wave layered velocity structures beneath 30 portable digital seismic stations deployed around western Yunnan Province. Results show that the Moho depth in this region is ∼40 km and decreases in general from north to south, consistent with previous geophysical studies. Associated with this lateral variation of the Moho depth, the lower crust above the Moho discontinuity has a 15–25 km thick zone with an S-wave velocity lower than that of the upper crust. This lower velocity zone might be interpreted as a lower crust weak channel, which may mechanically partially decouple the upper-crust deformation from the underlying mantle. Thus, the inverted S-wave velocity structure could provide new evidence for the lateral flow of lower crust in the build-up of the south-eastern Tibetan plateau. 相似文献
17.
On the basis of seismic refraction investigations and gravimetric data we have modelled the crustal structure of the southern Central Andes (21–23°S). A pronounced variation in crustal parameters is seen in N-S- and W-E-crossing seismic profiles over the entire Andean orogene, characterized by a crustal thickness of up to 70 km under the magmatic arc and backarc, strongly reduced seismic velocities and a Bouguer minimum of −450 mGal. Anomalously low velocities of 5.9–6.0 km/s in the deeper crust of the Western Cordillera and Altiplano regions lead to an over-compensation of the Bouguer minima resulting in values of crustal densities higher than estimates based purely on seismic velocity measurements. In an attempt to reconcile these differences, the behavior of crystalline rocks based on published laboratory data was studied under varying pressure and temperature conditions up to the range of partial melting. If the temperature is increased above the melting point, a rapid decrease in seismic velocity is accompanied by a slow decrease in density. For the Central Andes, a good fit of the observed and calculated Bouguer anomalies is obtained if the densities of the rocks from the low-velocity zone (LVZ) beneath the Western Cordillera and the Altiplano are varied. Model calculations lead to a velocity-density relation for partial molten rocks that allows the melt proportions of rocks to be estimated. Model calculations indicate that 15–20 vol.% of basaltic to andesitic melt at depth is necessary to explain the LVZ and Bouguer anomaly beneath the arc and parts of the backarc. High heat flow values (100 mW/m2) support the idea that large areas of the deeper Andean crust are strongly weakened by the presence of partially molten rocks, resulting in reduced seismic velocities, with the Western Cordillera, the active volcanic arc of the Andean mountain range, acting as a ductile buffer between the two more rigid crustal blocks of the forearc and backarc regions. 相似文献
18.
THE CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF NORTHEASTERN TIBET: A RESULT OF RECEIVER FUNCTION ANALYSIS FOR TELESEISMIC P WAVEFORM 相似文献
19.
斜切中亚的深部滑移构造带地球物理证据及对表层构造的制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斜切中亚的帕米尔一阿尔泰滑移构造带向南延伸，可与恰曼转换断裂系统相接，影响其两侧表层断裂构造格局、中新生代盆山演化、现今地壳变形和地震活动．地球卫星重力异常带在滑移构造带两侧表现出显著的不连续性和系统位移特征，其深部滑移幅度达600km以上．从卫星资料反演计算出的地壳厚度图上可看出，新疆地区地壳厚度比中亚邻区厚4～8hn，岩石圈厚度比中亚邻区厚10-20km，新疆及邻区地震波速层析成像结果提供了不同深度速度结构，在平行于中国西部国界处的10km、30km、50km深处均有NE向速度结构不连续面的反映． 相似文献
20.
We present values of velocity of ground water percolation (Vg) over large depth intervals, varying from shallow to deeper depths in Indaram area of Godavari sub-basin. The velocities have been estimated using available measured geothermal data. Sub-surface temperatures were measured in seven boreholes. Terrestrial heat flow values are calculated using temperature data and measured values of thermal conductivity of core samples. The results show that Vg is ～3.4 ×10?7 cm /sec in the top layers (70–150 m) and decreases to ～0.04×10?7 cm/sec in the deeper levels around 350 m depth and becomes negligibly small thereafter, thereby, indicating that the overall permeability of the sub-surface layers, due to the occurrence of successions of permeable, semi-permeable layers gets reduced to more or less zero at depths around 350 m. The value of Thermal Peclet Number, which is the ratio of the heat transfer through convection to that through conduction, naturally becomes negligible around this depth in the area. The observed consistency of the magnitude of heat flow through various deep sections is a clear indicator that water percolation is practically reduced to zero at depths around 320–400 m and that conduction is the dominant mechanism of heat transfer below the inferred depth section, while the upper layers are dominated by recharge at various depths by near surface water from streams at Indaram. 相似文献