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1.
盐度变化是湖泊的重要物理特性,电导率作为水体盐度最直观的体现,对湖泊的水质特征、湖水能量循环、生态系统研究具有重要影响。本文根据不同年份、不同季节的实地观测资料,分析高海拔、大型内陆湖盆纳木错电导率变化特征及季节差异,并着重分析湖水电导率与水温关系及纳木错能量循环特征。结果显示纳木错湖作为典型的微咸水湖,电导率数值逐年降低,纳木错区域气候环境正向暖湿转变且趋于淡化;湖水温差较小的范围内,电导率与水温二者成相关性变化;纳木错不同区域电导率值存在差异,曲线变化特征显示出纳木错为完全混合型湖泊,湖盆中部物质交换、能量循环大于东部。 相似文献
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浮游细菌群落对高原湖泊变化具有高度响应性,并且会影响高原湖泊生境的地球化学平衡。因此,了解高原湖泊中浮游细菌群落的分布特征,阐明其在高原湖泊生态系统中的生态功能具有重要科学意义。2021年5月对纳木错沿岸浮游细菌群落分布特征进行了调查研究,并采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术对样品进行分析,通过α-多样性指数分析浮游细菌群落的差异性,通过共现网络分析浮游细菌群落之间的相互作用,利用Pearson相关系数衡量理化因子与α-多样性指数的相关性,采用冗余分析(RDA)探讨水体理化因子对浮游细菌群落结构的影响,并基于PICRUSTt2对纳木错浮游细菌进行功能预测。结果表明:浮游细菌群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)组成,其中变形菌门相对丰度最高,主要包括γ-变形菌纲(Gamma-proteobacteria)和α-变形菌纲(Alpha-proteobacteria);噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga)和嗜冷菌属(Algoriphagus)为相对优势菌属。α-多样性指数表明,纳木错浮游细菌群落比较丰富。共现网络节点间关系以正相关为主;总溶解固体量(TDS)和盐度(Sal)是影响纳木错浮游细菌群落结构的关键因子。功能预测结果显示,纳木错浮游细菌群落功能主要涉及代谢、遗传信息处理、环境信息处理等6类生物代谢通路,以及膜运输、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢等46个子功能。综上所述,纳木错浮游细菌群落结构在各样点间存在一定差异,浮游细菌在门级水平上类群间相互作用主要为协同作用,其群落结构是多个因子共同作用的结果。研究阐明了纳木错浮游细菌群落组成和功能及其与环境因子的相互联系,可为当地生态环境保护提供科学依据。 相似文献
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纳木错位于青藏高原中南部,是该地区独具特色的咸水湖泊。对纳木错夏季沿岸水体可培养细菌物种多样性进行研究,并揭示细菌群落多样性及物种分布与水质理化指标间的相关性。运用直接涂布平板法与稀释涂布平板法来分离湖水中的可培养细菌,细菌菌株的鉴定采用16S rDNA基因序列分析结合经典分类方法,并使用R 4.1.1、SPSS 20.0等软件分析细菌群落多样性。结果显示,从纳木错夏季沿岸水体20个样点中共分离得到681株可培养细菌,鉴定分为16属43种,其中优势种为Acinetobacter johnsonii。Spearman相关系数显示,总磷与总氮均为影响细菌群落多样性的主要理化指标,总磷显著影响细菌总丰度(P<0.05),总氮显著影响Simpson多样性指数(P<0.05)。RDA结果显示,氨氮是影响细菌群落分布的主要理化指标(P<0.05)。本研究初步揭示了纳木错夏季沿岸水体可培养细菌群落多样性,并获得较丰富的细菌菌株资源。 相似文献
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文章通过纳木错浅钻沉积硅藻研究,结合青藏高原湖泊现代硅藻-电导率转换函数,对过去200年来的湖水盐度(电导率)变化进行了定量重建。纳木错在小冰期冷期为淡水环境;小冰期结束后,湖水盐度开始增加;至20世纪60年代中期以来,盐度增加幅度更加明显。过去100年来湖水盐度的增加与钻孔粒度变化所揭示的入湖径流量的增多,反映了增温背景下湖泊水文的响应特点。温度的上升,一方面引起了流域冰雪融水补给量的增加,但另一方面,湖泊水量平衡明显偏负,说明小冰期结束以来,尤其是最近40年,冰融水的增加并不足以弥补湖泊水量的负平衡。由此提出蒸发量在湖泊水量平衡中起重要作用,温度是影响湖泊水文变化的关键因子。区域湖泊综合对比结果进一步表明,不同湖泊盐度和水文变化趋势一致,反映了封闭湖泊对区域气候变化的共同响应特点。 相似文献
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基于2000—2020年Landsat TM、ETM + 以及OLI遥感影像,采用目视解译的方法提取纳木错的湖泊边界并计算其面积和湖岸线长度,分析20年间纳木错湖泊面积和湖岸线的时空变化特征,同时,利用同时段的气温和降水数据对湖泊变化原因进行探讨,为研究纳木错水资源的时空变化特征提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）2000—2020年纳木错湖面面积增长38. 58 km22相似文献
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青藏高原冰川是全球变化研究的热点地区,但对高原冰雪细菌与气候环境之间的关系还缺乏研究。选取西风影响下的新疆慕士塔格冰川、木吉冰川和印度季风影响下的尼泊尔雅拉冰川进行冰雪细菌研究,以揭示西风和季风影响区冰川雪中细菌丰度和群落组成特征以及细菌与区域气候环境的关系。研究发现:受西风影响的慕士塔格冰川和木吉冰川的主要细菌类群为Bacteroidetes和Betaproteobacteria;受印度季风影响的雅拉冰川的细菌优势类群为Betaproteobacteria和Cyanobacteria。表明西风和季风影响区冰川雪中细菌具有不同的群落组成。此外,通过比对16S rRNA,发现三个冰川分离的细菌与分离自海洋、湖泊、土壤、沙漠等寒冷环境的细菌具有很高的相似度。位于西风带的慕士塔格和木吉冰川雪中细菌Shannon指数高于位于印度季风区的雅拉冰川。印度季风带的雅拉冰川细菌群落组成受季节的影响明显而西风带的慕士塔格冰川则受季节影响比较小。 相似文献
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西藏纳木错沉积物中单水方解石的发现及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
单水方解石(CaCO3·H2O)是一种少见的含水碳酸盐矿物,具有重要的环境意义,由于不稳定而很少出现.X射线研究发现,纳木错湖底0～258 cm沉积物中存在单水方解石.单水方解石属三方晶系,六方晶胞,a=0.6080 nm,c=0.7536 nm,z=3.单水方解石的形成经过化学沉积过程,Ca2 先与HCO3-相结合,然后再与OH-结合而成Ca- CO3·H2O,反应进行的条件是生成自由能△G<0.根据相关公式计算,蚋木错表层湖水全年都可以形成单水方解石,纳木错湖水pH=9.4,较高的Mg/Ca摩尔比值(10.03～15.03),成水(矿化度为1.7 g/L)、细菌、绿藻、蓝藻、硅藻和介形类等生物的介入成为通过化学沉积形成单水方解石的直接原因,而碱性环境和低温则是该矿物保存的必要条件.单水方解石出现的时间约为AMS 14C 2.06 cal.ka BP,说明此时纳木错湖水盐度增加,湖水开始咸化. 相似文献
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浮游细菌是湖泊水生态系统关键组成部分，在元素、能量迁移转化过程中作用明显.基于16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术，以夏季内蒙古达里诺尔湖（简称“达里湖”）为研究区，对内陆封闭型湖泊水体浮游细菌群落垂向变化特征及影响因素进行了对比分析.结果显示:夏季达里湖浮游细菌群落多样性在表层水中最高，中层水最低；而丰富度则在底层水中最高，中层水最低.此外，浮游细菌群落组成也存在一定程度的垂向差异:在纲类水平上，Actinobacteria丰度优势明显，表层水为24.70%、中层水为21.06%、底层水为24.77%.冗余分析（RDA）结果表明不同深度水体中优势菌群受理化指标影响不同:表层水优势菌群结构受总溶解性固体含量、电导率等理化指标的影响最明显；不同形态营养元素则是中层水优势菌群结构的主要影响因素；在底层水中，优势菌群则受叶绿素、化学需氧量等理化指标的影响最明显.整体上，水深变化引起的湖水理化性质垂向差异成为影响达里湖夏季水体浮游细菌群落结构特征的关键因素之一. 相似文献
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西藏纳木错晚更新世以来湖面变化和湖相沉积中粘土矿物显示的环境信息 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
通过对西藏海拔最高、面积最大湖泊-纳木错周缘湖相沉积、湖岸堤的野外调查和湖岸阶地的水准测量,发现在纳木错沿岸拔湖48m以下,发育有6级湖岸阶地,拔湖48~139.2m发育有高位湖相沉积。湖相沉积物的同位素测年结果表明,纳木错湖泊发育与藏北高原东南部古大湖演化可划分为3个阶段:①116~37kaB.P.间的古大湖期;②37~30kaB.P.间的外流湖期;③30kaB.P.以来的纳木错期。根据纳木错晚更新世以来湖相沉积中粘土矿物的X光衍射分析结果,以及采用比值法、高岭石法和衍射峰法的研究,探讨了粘土矿物所显示的环境变化信息。粘土矿物成分变化表明,该区已具备了寒温带干旱、半干旱区的气候环境特征。为研究青藏高原的湖泊演化、气候变化、古地理变迁及其隆升过程等提供了新资料。 相似文献
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1970-2009年纳木错湖泊面积扩张的遥感卫星观测证据及原因之商榷 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
基于不同时期的遥感影像、航测地形图和DEM, 运用GIS和RS技术对纳木错1970-2009年间湖泊面积变化进行了分析, 利用周边气象台站资料, 通过对纳木错湖面蒸发及降水、冰川融水、非冰川区径流补给的趋势性分析, 从流域水量平衡角度商榷了纳木错湖面扩张的原因. 结果表明: 近40 a来纳木错湖泊面积不断扩张, 尤其是近10 a来最为剧烈, 2001-2009年间湖面扩张超过50 km2. 流域降水变化是纳木错湖泊面积扩张的直接原因, 另外伴随蒸发力下降, 湖面蒸发减少也是湖泊面积扩张的原因之一. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献