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1.
甲硫氨酸脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中2种自由基的影响   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
用分光光度技术对甲硫氨酸脑啡肽(met-Enk)对栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)血淋巴中自由基及其相关酶的影响进行了研究。结果表明,除了脑啡肽浓度为1μg/mL时血清和血细胞中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力高于对照外,脑啡肽浓度分别为10和50μg/mL,作用时间分别为1,3和5h时,血清和血细胞中一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和CAT的含量或活力均低于对照;随着脑啡肽浓度的升高,其含量或活力均呈下降趋势。说明脑啡肽对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中的自由基NO和H2O2及其相关酶的含量或活力起副调节(抑制)作用。相同的脑啡肽浓度下,随着作用时间的延长,其含量或活力又有所回升。说明栉孔扇贝血淋巴中可能存在脑啡肽的拮抗物质。脑啡肽可能在栉孔扇贝的免疫调节中发挥重要的作用。  相似文献   

2.
栉孔扇贝对镉的富集及释放规律的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过暴露染毒方法研究了栉孔扇贝对镉离子(Cd2+)的35d富集与30d释放规律。结果表明:栉孔扇贝对镉有很强的富集性,体内的镉含量与暴露溶液里的Cd2+浓度呈正相关;栉孔扇贝对镉的释放速率随着暴露水体中镉浓度的增加而减慢。应用双箱动力学模型,通过非线性拟合得到了栉孔扇贝对Cd2+的吸收速率常数k1随着外部水体中镉浓度的增大而减小,生物富集系数BCF则随着外部水体中镉浓度的增大而减少。当镉浓度为0.05mg/L时BCF仅为3 730,而当镉浓度为0.000 5mg/L时BCF达到1.79×1011。平衡状态下栉孔扇贝体内镉含量(CAmax)随着水体中镉浓度增加急剧下降,与水体中镉浓度呈负相关;排出速率常数k2、生物学半衰期B1/2与低浓度镉无明显相关性,随着镉浓度的增大k2显著降低而B1/2显著增大。验证了双箱动力学模型适用于栉孔扇贝对Cd2+的生物富集与释放规律研究。  相似文献   

3.
筛选栉孔扇贝(Chalmys farreri)血细胞活性的检测方法,研究苯并[a]芘(B[α]P)对栉孔扇贝血细胞活性的影响.结果表明96孔培养板中栉孔扇贝血细胞接种密度在(1~32)×10~4 cell/孔时,血细胞活性无显著性差异(P>0.05),且细胞存活率在97.42%~98.82%之间,台盼蓝排斥法、四甲基偶氮唑(MTT)、二甲氧唑黄(XTT)比色法、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性测定法均可作为栉孔扇贝血细胞活性的测定方法,而当血细胞接种密度在(12~32)×10~4/孔时,中性红比色法亦可作为血细胞活性的检测方法;同时实验采用Eagle培养液进行血细胞原代培养在0~24 h内血细胞活性较好.采用中性红比色法检测B[α]P对栉孔扇贝血细胞活性具有显著抑制作用,且抑制程度与B[α]P作用浓度、时间呈正相关,其余方法均未检测出B[α]P对血细胞活性的影响.由此可见,B[α]P对栉孔扇贝血细胞活性具有免疫毒性作用,中性红比色法可以作为评价B[α]P对栉孔扇贝血细胞免疫活性的敏感指标.  相似文献   

4.
取人工养殖栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)的血淋巴,体外加入不同浓度的硒化壳聚糖,作用1h后采用生化方法分别测定栉孔扇贝血细胞中的髓性过氧化物酶(MPO)和非特异性酯酶(NSE)的活力,以及过氧化氢(H2O2)和活性氧的含量。结果表明:加入硒化壳聚糖后,栉孔扇贝血细胞中依赖卤素的MPO、不依赖卤素的MPO、α-醋酸萘酯酶和α-丁酸萘酯酶的活力均为实验组显著高于对照组,过氧化氢和活性氧的含量也为实验组显著高于对照组。说明硒化壳聚糖对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中多种参与免疫防御的酶的活力和具有杀菌作用的免疫因子的含量均具有明显的提高作用,因而硒化壳聚糖对栉孔扇贝的免疫功能具有明显的增强作用。  相似文献   

5.
以栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)为对象,研究了其不同组织对氟苯尼考的蓄积与消除规律。氟苯尼考对栉孔扇贝的96h半致死浓度LC50为213.1mg·L~(-1),安全浓度为21.3mg·L~(-1)。将栉孔扇贝分别暴露于氟苯尼考含量在安全浓度以上(40mg·L~(-1),A组)、安全浓度水平(20mg·L~(-1),B组)和安全浓度以下(10mg·L~(-1),C组)进行8天的蓄积实验,从第9天开始将栉孔扇贝转移至洁净的海水中进行5天的消除实验。研究表明:蓄积阶段,栉孔扇贝各组织中氟苯尼考含量随海水中氟苯尼考浓度的升高而增加;而同一时间的生物蓄积系数(BCF)则随海水中氟苯尼考浓度的升高而逐渐降低,表明在低剂量浓度条件下,栉孔扇贝更容易对氟苯尼考产生富集作用。各组织中氟苯尼考浓度大小顺序为:内脏团外套膜闭壳肌,其中,内脏团与外套膜中氟苯尼考含量大约是闭壳肌的2~7倍,表明氟苯尼考主要富集在栉孔扇贝的内脏团及外套膜中,闭壳肌中含量较少。消除阶段,氟苯尼考的日均消除速率大小顺序为内脏团外套膜闭壳肌,且A组B组C组,说明作为主要食用部位的闭壳肌对氟苯尼考的消除速率相对较慢。在较高浓度氟苯尼考下,闭壳肌需要经过一段时间的净化才能使氟苯尼考含量降至低于0.1mg·kg-1以下。研究结果为在栉孔扇贝养殖中合理施用氟苯尼考提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
采用荧光定量PCR的方法测定了不同浓度石油烃暴露下栉孔扇贝各组织Wnt4基因相对表达量的变化,结果表明,栉孔扇贝各组织Wnt4基因表达量在不同浓度石油烃影响下变化程度具有明显差异,对照组表达量大小顺序为精巢>卵巢>鳃丝>消化盲囊;在浓度为0.1mg·L-1石油烃影响下,除鳃丝Wnt4基因表达量有上升趋势之外,其余各组织均无显著变化(P>0.05);而在0.3mg·L-1及以上石油烃浓度组,四种组织Wnt4基因表达量随暴露时间均出现明显上升或者被抑制的现象(P<0.05),各组织Wnt4基因被激活和被抑制的时间和程度均有不同,受石油烃暴露影响的程度为鳃丝>卵巢>精巢>消化盲囊。本研究认为0.3mg·L-1及以上浓度石油烃暴露对栉孔扇贝各组织特别是鳃丝Wnt4基因表达量的影响较大,对栉孔扇贝的生长发育影响明显;各组织Wnt4基因表达量在不同浓度石油烃的影响下呈现一定的规律性,其变化跟各组织解毒指标的变化具有一定相似性,是较好的反映栉孔扇贝在石油烃暴露下其生长发育变化程度的生物学指标。  相似文献   

7.
海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的碳代谢及能量代谢   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
对海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝的碳代谢和能量代谢进行了研究。结果表明;随着扇贝个体的增大,单位个体的最小碳需要量增加,但单位干重的最小碳需要量却降低。金藻的浓度低于1.0×104个/cm3时,两种扇贝均出现碳生产的负值。海湾扇贝和栉孔扇贝对金藻、海带、底泥的能量代谢结果显示;以3.56mg/dm3(干重)浓度金藻为食,两种扇贝能得到正的生长预算;以7.00mg/dm3(干重)的海带为食,也能正常生长。但以底泥为食,出现负生长。两种扇贝对金藻的利用率高,当金藻缺乏时,海带碎屑可作为食物补充。  相似文献   

8.
于2009年3月至2010年1月期间,每月中旬分别从青岛和威海两地区采集人工养殖和野生的栉孔扇贝(Chla-mys farreri)。采集的扇贝经壳长测量后,于闭壳肌血窦中取血,离心,重悬,超声波破碎后制得血细胞破碎液。从抗栉孔扇贝血细胞的单克隆抗体库中筛选出1株与颗粒血细胞和透明血细胞均能结合,并能与血细胞多个蛋白结合的单克隆抗体作为酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)中的第一抗体;第二抗体为碱性磷酸酶标记的羊抗鼠抗体。将血细胞破碎液包被于酶标板孔中,经一抗、二抗孵育后,显色读数,分析血细胞数量与生长的关系。结果表明:两地区人工养殖和野生扇贝的壳长均由3月的2 cm左右增长到了次年1月的7 cm以上,其中4~7月增长较快,而8~1月相对缓慢。两地区人工养殖和野生扇贝的血细胞数量于3~6月间均维持在较高的水平,6月达到最高峰,随后急剧下降,并于8或9月达到最低值,此后10~1月有所回升,但仍显著低于3~6月的水平。结论认为:栉孔扇贝血细胞数量与生长的关系在两地区、两扇贝品种间差别不大;但3~6月栉孔扇贝生长较快,血细胞数量相对高;而8~10月栉孔扇贝生长缓慢,其血细胞数量较低。  相似文献   

9.
在多种贝类血清中发现有可凝集脊椎动物血细胞的因子——凝集素。栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfareri)血清中的凝集素可凝集鸡、鹌鹑、小鼠等多种动物血细胞,但对鳝鱼血细胞不发生作用。该凝集素具有较强的热稳定性,100℃处理45min仍具活性;并具有广泛的pH范围,可在pH3~11进行凝集作用。但其活性可被EDTA强烈抑制,D-甘露糖和L-鼠李糖对其活性有明显抑制作用,D-木糖和蕈糖也有轻微抑制作用。在栉孔扇贝血细胞的细胞膜上未发现有凝集鸡血细胞的活性物质。另外,用大肠杆菌和副溶血弧菌刺激栉孔扇贝后,血清的凝集作用不变。  相似文献   

10.
原油污染对栉孔扇贝抗氧化酶活性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以原油水溶性成分(water soluble fraction of crude oil,WSF)为污染物,采用暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃和消化腺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性的变化.结果表明,WSF污染下,鳃和消化腺组织SOD和CAT酶活性随暴露时间增加一般表现为降低-升高-降低的趋势,酶活性达到最高的时间随浓度不同而变化.第1天时消化腺SOD在0.08 mg/L浓度下被诱导,而后随时间增加表现为抑制效应;浓度为0.21和0.88 mg/L时消化腺SOD酶活性被抑制,随暴露时间延长而活性增加.暴露时间为4d时,石油烃浓度在0.08和0.88 mg/L时鳃组织SOD酶活性均被抑制,而浓度为0.21 mg/L时被诱导.消化腺和鳃组织SOD可以作为扇贝被污染胁迫的指标.  相似文献   

11.
日本蟳血细胞及血液生化指标的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以光镜和电镜观察了日本蝠(Charybdisjaponica)血细胞的形态结构,分析了各类血细胞的大小、数量比例及功能,并测定了不同发育时期及饥饿状态的日本蝽血清主要生化指标。结果表明:日本蝠血细胞可分为4种类型,从小到大依次为:无颗粒细胞、小颗粒细胞、中间型细胞和大颗粒细胞;其核质比分别为:53.23%、33.64%...  相似文献   

12.
中国对虾(PENAEUS CHINENSIS)血细胞超微结构、分类及计数   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
研究中国对虾循环血细胞的超微结构、分类和计数。血细胞分成三类:(1)透明细胞,不含电子致密颗粒;(2)小颗粒细胞,含小的电子致密颗粒;(3)大颗粒细胞,含大的电子致密颗粒。循环血细胞总量平均值为10320个细胞/mm~3。透明细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞等分别占循环血细胞总量的25.32%、61.79%和12.89%。  相似文献   

13.
杂色鲍血细胞分类、结构和免疫功能的流式细胞术分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用流式细胞术对杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)血细胞的分类、结构和免疫功能进行分析。根据细胞前向角散射光(FSC)和侧向角散射光(SSC)强度的不同,可将血细胞分为三个亚群:透明细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞,组成比例分别为32.71%、58.17%和8.55%。血细胞的平均总凋亡和死亡率为3.76%。血细胞对荧光微球的总吞噬率为63.67%,其中吞噬1个、2个、3个及以上荧光微球的血细胞分别占22.31%、16.39%、24.96%。线粒体数量、溶酶体数量、非特异性酯酶活性和非诱导性活性氧(ROS)含量均在大颗粒细胞中最高,透明细胞最低。结果表明,杂色鲍三类血细胞在结构和功能上均存在差异,两类颗粒细胞可能在鲍类免疫过程中发挥着更为重要的作用。  相似文献   

14.
The Sabaudia's lake consists of a protected coastal lagoon, located in the central Italy, historically characterized by recurrent mortality events of marine fauna during warmer months. A field study was monthly conducted on mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis cultivated inside the lagoon, measuring hemocyte parameters as total circulating count (THC), viability (HV), spreading and oxidative response to in vitro phagocytosis stimulation. A depression of the immune response was observed during the spring season, as indicated by higher values of hemocyte circularity and lower luminescence levels related to respiratory burst, also associated to modulation of THC and HV. The water temperature and the oxygen concentration appeared as the major environmental factors having influence on the phagocytosis activity. Therefore, the hemocyte variations have been intended as early danger signal to evaluate the immunodepression induced by the environmental stressors which could reveal in advance the development of critical situations for mussel survival.  相似文献   

15.
Cellular and humoral immune parameters are often used as biomarkers to trace environmental and physiological stresses in marine bivalves. In this study, we compared various immune parameters of Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) under normal conditions and under a high level of desiccation, using flow cytometry. The immune parameters analyzed included, total hemocyte count, hemocyte mortality, hemocyte DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and phagocytosis activity. Total hemocyte count, hemocyte DNA damage, and hemocyte mortality were significantly elevated among clams under high desiccation stress, while phagocytosis activity and spontaneous ROS production were significantly lower compared to those parameters of the control clams (p<0.05). These data suggest that the immune parameters analyzed in this study well reflect the physiological status of clams.  相似文献   

16.
新型抗脑缺血海洋新药989作用机理的初步探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了新型抗脑缺血海洋药物 989对血小板聚集的影响。结果发现 ,989静脉注射可明显抑制胶原和花生四烯酸诱导的大鼠血小板聚集 ,对动脉血栓和静脉血栓的形成均有明显抑制作用 ;并能延迟激光致小鼠肠系膜微血栓出现时间及降低花生四烯酸致小鼠肺栓塞的死亡率。提示989的抗脑缺血作用与其抑制血小板聚集和粘附有关。  相似文献   

17.
DNA甲基化在调节动物生长发育和组织分化中发挥了重要作用。本研究主要从酶切、预扩和选扩等方面优化了中国对虾DNA甲基化分析的MSAP技术,给出了适合中国对虾MSAP分析的最近反应程序和体系,并采用该技术分别对中国对虾选育群体"黄海1号"和野生群体的肌肉、鳃和血细胞三种组织基因组DNA的CCGG甲基化水平进行分析。研究结果表明,中国对虾野生群体肌肉、鳃和血细胞的DNA甲基化比例分别为23.1%、22.3%和19.7%,选育群体"黄海1号"肌肉、鳃和血液的甲基化比例分别为21.4%、19.6%和18.9%。鳃组织的DNA甲基化水平在两群体中差异极显著(P <0.01),肌肉间的甲基化水平差异显著(P <0.05),而血细胞中甲基化水平差异不显著(P >0.05)。中国对虾野生群体和"黄海1号"同一组织间的甲基化水平不同(P ≤ 0.05),而不同组织间的甲基化水平也各不相同(P ≤ 0.05)。DNA甲基化多态性分析表明,野生群体和选育群体"黄海1号"的鳃和血细胞组织的甲基化多态性比例变化明显,而肌肉组织甲基化水平较稳定,这些变化趋势与CCGG位点的甲基化和去甲基化有关。  相似文献   

18.
The effects of a week-long exposure to copper sulfate (0.05–5000 mg/l) and cadmium chloride (2 and 10 mg/l) upon the morpho-functional characteristics of the Black Sea bivalve mollusks Anadara cf. inaequivalvis and Chamelea gallina were studied. The changes in the morpho-functional state of mollusks at the impact of these metals are distinguished. These changes included a 60% decrease in the hemocytes’ concentration in the hemolymph and a 5- to 7-fold decline of the hemocyte adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, along with the appearance in the mollusks of “brown” cells and lipofuscin-like pigment. The exposure to both metals caused similar changes.  相似文献   

19.
Effects of salinity and clay type on oil-mineral aggregation   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Effects of salinity and clay type on the aggregation process of crude oil and clay particles (oil-mineral aggregates--OMA) were studied in the laboratory. OMA were generated by shaking various oil/clay mixtures in water at 20 degrees C and at a pre-determined energy level. Shape, median and maximum sizes, size distribution and concentration of oil droplets forming OMA were measured using epi-fluorescence microscopy. Results showed that the median and maximum sizes and the concentration of mineral-stabilized droplets increase rapidly when salinity increases from zero to a critical aggregation salinity in the range of 1.2-3.5 ppt. The magnitude of the increase of droplet size is controlled by clay type, while the increase of droplet concentration is influenced by oil type. Size distributions of oil droplets are self-similar, but their magnitudes depend on salinity and oil type. The effect of salinity on droplet size distribution is strongly influenced by clay type. Empirical relationships are derived to calculate concentration and size distribution of mineral-stabilized droplets.  相似文献   

20.
Northern quahogs, Mercenaria mercenaria (L.), frequently are infected with the parasite Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX, Labyrintohomorpha, Thraustochytriales), which can cause morbidity and mortality of the quahogs. Possible interactions between this parasitic disease and exposure to the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum in M. mercenaria were studied experimentally. Quahogs from Massachusetts with variable intensity of QPX infection were exposed, under controlled laboratory conditions, to cultured P. minimum added to the natural plankton at a cell density equivalent to a natural bloom. After 5 days of exposure, individual clams were diagnosed histologically to assess prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection, as well as other pathological conditions. Further, cellular defense status of clams was evaluated by analyzing hemocyte parameters (morphological and functional) using flow-cytometry. Exposure of quahogs to P. minimum resulted in: a lower percentage of phagocytic hemocytes, higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), larger hemocyte size, more-numerous hemocytic aggregates, and increased numbers of hemocytes in gills accompanied by vacuolation and hyperplasia of the water-tubular epithelial cells of the gills. Quahogs had a low prevalence of QPX; by chance, the parasite was present only in quahogs exposed to P. minimum. Thus, the effect of QPX alone on the hemocyte parameters of quahogs could not be assessed in this experiment, but it was possible to assess different responses of infected versus non-infected quahogs to P. minimum. QPX-infected quahogs exposed to P. minimum had repressed percentage of phagocytic hemocytes, consistent with immuno-modulating effect of P. minimum upon several molluscan species, as well as smaller hemocytes and increased hemocyte infiltration throughout the soft tissues. This experiment demonstrates the importance of considering interactive effects of different factors on the immunology and histopathology of bivalve shellfish, and highlights the importance of considering the presence of parasites when bivalves are subjected to harmful-algal blooms.  相似文献   

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