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简介钻掘工程领域国内外发展水平。重点概述在固体矿产岩心钻探、水井钻探、石油天然气钻探、大陆科学钻探、大洋钻探、极地钻探和外星钻探及掘进工程等方面的国内外发展状况与差距，并提出重点研究开发和引进建议。 相似文献
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科学超深井钻探技术国内外现状 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
文章阐述了实施科学钻探的必要性,简要回顾了科学钻探技术发展历程。以前苏联科拉科学超深井钻探技术,联邦德国大陆深钻计划(KTB),中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD),美国卡洪山口项目钻探技术,美国夏威夷项目钻探技术,湖泊科学钻探技术等为例,介绍了世界各国在实施科学钻探工程过程中形成的特色技术以及取得的技术成就。论述了实施科学钻探工程前,进行人才队伍培养和关键技术准备的必要性。 相似文献
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分析了国际钻探市场现状以及固体矿产钻探技术的进展,归纳总结了近１０年来我国固体矿产钻探技术的主要进展,并对发展我国固体太科钻探技术提出了建议。 相似文献
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金刚石岩心钻进法,特别是对于坑内进行钻探工作来说,是一种有效的先进的方法。过去由于我国金刚石钻探技术发展缓慢,生产矿山的探矿工作主要靠坑探,且工作量很大。有色金属和黄金矿山的年坑探工作量占掘进总量的30～40％。采用坑探方式费工、费钱、费料、费时、常造成探矿落后于采矿的被动向面,而且因需运出大量的废石,与采矿争运输,影向采矿工作的正常进行。 1969年我们开始探索用人造金刚石于钻探,1974年取得了基本或功,为我国推广应用金刚石钻探技术开造了一条新路,这也促进了坑内钻探技术的发展。特别是我们自己已研制的坑内钻机推广应用后,使坑内钻探的工作量有了较大幅度的增长,並取得了良好的经济效 相似文献
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约占地球面积71%的海洋里蕴藏着海量的地质、生物、气候等信息和丰富的资源,我国“十三五”国家科技创新规划中,将“深海、深地、深空、深蓝科学研究”列为战略性前瞻性重大科学问题,并将“国际大洋发现计划（IODP）列为5项国际大科学计划和大科学工程之一。但在深海钻探,作业环境和条件都较陆地上更加复杂,对钻探船、钻探工艺、环保措施、施工组织管理等都是严峻的考验。本文在概述大洋钻探的意义和成果,回顾世界大洋钻探的演进史和工程实施概况以及我国参加大洋钻探情况的基础上,针对大洋钻探的钻井特点和地层条件,探讨了海洋科学钻探取心技术、超深水条件的重入钻孔技术、跟管钻进下套管技术、超深水条件的泥浆循环等关键技术问题,提出了我国实施大洋钻探工程的初步设想。 相似文献
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阐述了湖泊取心钻探对于揭示地球古气候变化,预测未来气候演变的重要作用;简述了ＧＬＡＤ８００型全球湖泊钻探系统主要参数和性能特点,介绍了该钻探系统从２０００年夏季开始至今后几年症状国大盐湖和熊湖、南美洲的的喀喀湖和非洲马拉维湖等大陆科学钻探中的应用计划。 相似文献
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Akira IMAI 《Resource Geology》2002,52(2):147-161
Abstract: K–Ar ages of the following porphyry Cu deposits in the western Luzon arc are determined: Lobo-Boneng (10.50.4 Ma), Santo Niño (9.50.3 Ma), Black Mountain (2.10.1 Ma), Dizon (2.50.2 Ma) and Taysan (7.30.2 Ma). Microphenocrys-tic apatite in the late Cenozoic intermediate to silicic intrusions associated with porphyry Cu deposits in the western Luzon arc contains sulfur as SO3 detectable by electron probe microanalyzer. Sulfur is supposed to have been accommodated dominantly as oxidized species in oxidizing hydrous magmas that generated porphyry Cu deposits. Likewise, such high SO3 contents in microphenocrystic apatite are common characteristics of the intermediate to silicic magmatism of the western Luzon arc, from tonalitic rocks of the Luzon Central Cordillera of about 15 Ma to an active magmatism at Mount Pinatubo. Thus, the western Luzon arc has been generating porphyry Cu mineralization associated with oxidizing hydrous intermediate to silicic magmatism related to eastward subduction, since Miocene to the present day. Intermediate to silicic rocks since 15 Ma to present-day western Luzon arc generally show high whole-rock Sr/Y ratio ranging from 20 to 184. However, porphyry Cu deposit is not necessarily related to the rocks that show higher Sr/Y ratios compared to the other barren rocks in the western Luzon arc. The characteristics of the intermediate to silicic magma associated with porphyry Cu deposit are not attributed to the composition of the source material of the magma, but to the properties defined by the high activity of oxidized species of sulfur in the fluid phase that is encountered during the generation of intermediate to silicic magmas. 相似文献
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M. Dolores Petit-Dominguez M. Isabel Rucandio Almudena Galan-Saulnier Rosario Garcia-Gimenez 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008
Due to the high number of variables involved in mine profitability studies, it is often very difficult to establish connections among them in order to provide a blend of market saleable quality products. In this sense, analytical chemistry together with chemometry are essential and indispensable disciplines to tackle these studies. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the utility of these disciplines to carry out optimization studies of iron mines. For this purpose, one of the most important iron mines of the Iberian Peninsula was chosen, sited in the mountain range of Sierra Menera, near the location of Ojos Negros (Teruel, Spain). Geological, mineralogical and chemical composition of 148 samples was analyzed, corresponding to different depths of three drill holes (named TE1, TE2 and TE3). In particular, aspects concerning to chemical composition are very important, since the mean contents of certain elements, such as phosphorus, sodium and potassium, should be restricted to the established limits to prevent that companies can drive back the raw material if they do not fulfil the necessary requirements. On the other hand, the large number of analysed samples drove us to use a statistical processing of the data. Among other aspects, it provides a way to find possible connections among a high number of variables and classify samples into compositional groups sharing similar composition, in order to limit the mineralised area and to obtain enough information about the amount of those chemical elements associated to iron ores. Data obtained from all these analytical techniques were in good agreement and provide a methodology that can be of wide interest applied to different geological studies. 相似文献
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Most laboratories aim to produce data of the highest quality. Trying to lower uncertainties to infinitesimal figures and push detection limits even lower are valid goals. However, is it possible to overachieve? Are old data still of good enough quality to be usable? In a geochemical context, the main goal of producing analytical results is to answer geological or environmental questions. Not all scientific problems require the same data quality. What is really required are data of adequate quality – i.e., ‘fit-for-purpose’– to ensure that the geological problem at hand can be solved. Furthermore, it is doubtful that uncertainties and reproducibilities associated with field sampling are better than those from laboratories. It is thus proposed that, as geoanalysts, we encourage data users (students, colleagues or referees) to ensure that their analytical results are of sufficient quality to solve the problem. However, authors have to demonstrate, through the use of reproducibility testing, reference and quality control materials, that the quality of their results is sufficient to solve the problem. Uncertainties and detection limits in publications should not only be evaluated with respect to a set value, such as 10%, but also with regard to the geological problem to be solved. 相似文献
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典型岩溶流域土地整理的生态评价——以云南小江流域为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以云南小江典型岩溶流域为例,在GIS支持下,通过选择评价因子和建立评价模型对岩溶区的土地整理进行了生态评价。结果表明: 流域生态评价分值较高的土地面积较少,而生态评价分值较低的土地面积较大。分值在80～ 100的土地整理主要任务是在保护生态环境质量和耕地数量的前提下,加快流域经济结构的调整,提高土地利用的经济效益;分值在70～ 80的土地整理主要任务是耕地数量保护和质量保护并重,提高土地的生产能力,提高经济效益,同时防止水土流失及化肥、农药施用对地下水造成的非点源污染; 分值在60～ 70的土地整理主要任务是着重于生态环境的保护和重建以及立体农业的综合开发; 分值在60以下的土地整理主要任务是土地石漠化的治理。 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2017
This research is located at the intersection of three canals in periurban Gurugram. Two of these canals were built to provide water for the growing city of Gurugram and one of them carries the wastewater of the city back to the villages. These canals cut through periurban villages that are excluded in principle from taking benefit of these canals. They are meant to be at their receiving end, as recipients of these waters. The paper, using a socio-technical lens, explores the mixed impacts of these canals on the villages through which they traverse. The paper further describes the strategies that periurban communities devise to circumvent the situation of exclusion. Using a qualitative, ethnographic research design, the paper describes the socio-technical mediation of periurban water insecurity, focusing on the mix of technologies and institutions that spring up around these canals that shape the periurban water users’ access to water. The paper concludes that approaches for promoting community resilience and periurban water security need to start from an understanding of the strategies devised by periurban communities to improve their access to water. In the larger discourse on building community resilience in the face of urbanization and climate change it is important to pay attention to local norms of cooperation that enable periurban communities to access water, rather than start from a premise that water insecurity caused by urbanization and climate change will lead to conflicts or necessitate capacity-building to promote avoid conflict and promote cooperation. 相似文献
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SADIKI Moulay Lhassan EL MANSOURI Bouabid BENSEDDIK Badr CHAO Jamal KILI Malika EL MEZOUARY Lhoussaine 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(3):224-236
In arid and semi-arid zones, water is the most vulnerable resource to climate change. In fact, various techniques such as artificial recharge are adopted to restore aquifers and to ensure aquifer sustainability in relation to the accelerated pace of exploitation. Morocco is a Mediterranean country highly vulnerable to climate change, many of its main aquifers are subjected to excessive drawdowns. This technique is practiced to increase potentiality of these aquifers. In the Northwestern area of Morocco, the significant development experienced by Tangier City in the industrial, tourism, and commercial sectors will lead to increased water requirements-up to 5 067 L/s (159.8 mm3) by 2030. However, the Charf El Akab aquifer system, subject to artificial recharge, is the only groundwater resource of Tangier region; hence, a rational management context is needed to ensure aquifer sustainability, and optimized exploitation under the background of differing constraints, such as increased water requirements, and climate change impacts. This work aims to respond, for the first time, to the Charf El Akab aquifer overexploitation problem, and to evaluate the future scenarios of its exploitation in the event of failure of one of the superficial resources. This work also presents a synthesized hydrodynamic modeling based on the results of the numerical simulations carried out using Feflow software for 2004 (date of cessation of injections) and 2011 (date of resumption of these facilities), making it possible to evaluate the impact of the artificial recharge on the piezometric level of the aquifer on a spatiotemporal scale. Finally, the exploitation scenarios have shown that the aquifer of Charf El Akab will not adequatly provide for the region's water requirements on the future horizon, entailing an optimal management of water resources in the region and an intentionally increased recharge rate. 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2015
The concept of resilience has emerged out of a complex literature that has sought to make sense of an increasingly interconnected world that appears ever more beset by crises. Resilience’s appeal is reflected by the burgeoning mass of literature that has appeared on the subject in the past five years. However, there is ongoing debate surrounding its usage, with some commentators claiming that the term is inherently too conservative a one to be usefully applied to situations of vulnerability in which more radical social change is required. This article extends existing efforts to formulate more transformative notions of resilience by reframing it as a double-edged outcome of the pre-reflective and critical ways in which actors draw upon their internal structures following the occurrence of a negative event, thus reproducing or changing the external structural context that gave rise to the event in the first place. By employing a structuration-inspired analysis to the study of small-scale farmer responses to a flood-induced resettlement programme in central Mozambique, the article presents a systematic approach to the examination of resilience in light of this reframing. The case study findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the facilitative, as well as constraining, nature of structures if vulnerable populations are to be assisted in their efforts to exert transformative capacity over the wider conditions that give rise to their difficulties. 相似文献
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Pile load tests are used to refine designs and for quality assurance. They can also be used to verify the reliability of piles and pile groups. Stochastic methods have previously been developed to verify the reliability of single piles. A general stochastic method to verify the reliability of pile groups is developed in this paper. The method can be used to assess the reliability of groups where pile tests have been conducted to the ultimate capacity, to below the ultimate capacity but exceeding specified capacity, and where pile tests fail to achieve the specified capacity. In the latter case, the method allows decisions to be made as to whether the reliability of the entire pile group is satisfactory or whether additional piles need to be installed. 相似文献
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Ahmadi Nejad Masouleh Fatemeh 《GeoJournal》2005,64(3):153-162
Rural urban migration can often result in decreased agricultural output in countries with scarce land resources. It also can
hasten the socio-economic problems associated with the overcrowded cities of the developing world. As only 10% of Iran is
arable it is particularly vulnerable to threats to food security and self-sufficiency. This paper examines the daily flow
of villagers to a major city near the vital staple crop producing rural district of Lakan, where out-migration is already
occurring. Although most discussions of daily travel to cities is typically relegated to commuting, this paper aims to analyze
travel for the purpose of access to a variety of facilities and services that villages in the rural district of Lakan lack
including secondary schools, post offices, banks, and even telephones and newspaper stands. The paper emphasizes that daily
journeys make permanent moves to the city more likely because of the major inconvenience that results from the scarcity of
basic facilities within Lakan villages. Travel to a distant city for staple foods at grocery stores or for access to secondary
schools, for example, could intensify future out-migration because the heavy inconvenience of constant travel might eventually
outweigh the benefits of maintaining residency in villages. The paper utilizes information about daily travel to Rasht to
recommend various government construction projects and initiatives to improve the quality of life for villagers and avert
future rural–urban migration and the reduction in staple crop production that might result. 相似文献
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文章以金川和红原两组泥炭纤维素Δδ13C时间序列值的反向变化来指示西太平洋副热带高压活动变化.结果表明,在过去5000年中,西太平洋副热带高压的活动可分为4个阶段,即西太平洋副热带高压位置在2800～2200B.C.期间持续偏北,2200～600B.C.期间持续偏南,600B.C.～1200A.D.期间在北进与南移之间频繁波动,以及1200～1900A.D.期间再次持续偏北,它们导致降雨量在中国大陆上不同的分布.从约1900A.D.起西太平洋副热带高压的活动似乎又开始一个新的偏南阶段,值得进一步加强研究. 相似文献