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1.
Maghrabi Abdullrahman Alharbi Badr Alharbi Hamoud Aldosari Abdulah 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2022,148(3-4):1577-1586
Theoretical and Applied Climatology - This study used downward longwave (LW) radiation measurements, air temperature (T), particulate matter (PM) concentrations of fine (PM 2.5) and coarse (PM10)... 相似文献
2.
SADIKI Moulay Lhassan EL MANSOURI Bouabid BENSEDDIK Badr CHAO Jamal KILI Malika EL MEZOUARY Lhoussaine 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(3):224-236
In arid and semi-arid zones, water is the most vulnerable resource to climate change. In fact, various techniques such as artificial recharge are adopted to restore aquifers and to ensure aquifer sustainability in relation to the accelerated pace of exploitation. Morocco is a Mediterranean country highly vulnerable to climate change, many of its main aquifers are subjected to excessive drawdowns. This technique is practiced to increase potentiality of these aquifers. In the Northwestern area of Morocco, the significant development experienced by Tangier City in the industrial, tourism, and commercial sectors will lead to increased water requirements-up to 5 067 L/s (159.8 mm3) by 2030. However, the Charf El Akab aquifer system, subject to artificial recharge, is the only groundwater resource of Tangier region; hence, a rational management context is needed to ensure aquifer sustainability, and optimized exploitation under the background of differing constraints, such as increased water requirements, and climate change impacts. This work aims to respond, for the first time, to the Charf El Akab aquifer overexploitation problem, and to evaluate the future scenarios of its exploitation in the event of failure of one of the superficial resources. This work also presents a synthesized hydrodynamic modeling based on the results of the numerical simulations carried out using Feflow software for 2004 (date of cessation of injections) and 2011 (date of resumption of these facilities), making it possible to evaluate the impact of the artificial recharge on the piezometric level of the aquifer on a spatiotemporal scale. Finally, the exploitation scenarios have shown that the aquifer of Charf El Akab will not adequatly provide for the region's water requirements on the future horizon, entailing an optimal management of water resources in the region and an intentionally increased recharge rate. 相似文献
3.
Distributions and seasonal variability of dissolved organic nitrogen in two estuaries in SW England 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Nitrogen loadings to coastal waters have increased over the last century, resulting in deterioration in water quality. In this study we investigated the distributions and seasonality of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and its relationship to total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), for two anthropogenically influenced estuarine systems in southwest England. Concentrations of DON in both estuaries were generally < 80 μM. DON showed non-conservative distributions, resulting from external and internal inputs and in situ reactivity. DON contributed 38 ± 22% (range 4–79%, Yealm) and 36 ± 17% (range 4–84%, Plym) to the TDN pool, with lower values generally observed in the fresher samples relative to the more saline samples. DON was a larger fraction of the TDN pool during the summer and autumn relative to winter and spring, indicating the influence of bacterioplankton release on nitrogen cycling in the estuaries. Ammonification and nitrification were observed in the estuaries, processes which were reproduced in incubation experiments using bioreactors. The bioreactor experiments showed that 12% h− 1 of the DON flux from the River Plym may be available to bacteria, indicating significant removal of DON during the residence time of the water in the estuary (a few days). The bioavailable nature of the DON means that this N fraction significantly adds to the eutrophication burden of the receiving coastal waters, and therefore cannot be ignored in environmental assessments. 相似文献
4.
The energy balance equation for a general solar atmosphere without assuming the plane-parallel approximation is solved analytically. This leads to models for both the transition region and inner corona as well as for the outer corona. The form of the latter is very similar to that of the hydrostatic conduction model of Chapman (1957). However, in this paper we confine ourselves only to the former.Model I is electron-pressure dependent but model II depends particularly on the maximum coronal temperature T
m and its corresponding altitude h
m. Both the models are compared with recently constructed temperature models of Chiuderi and Riani (1974), McWhirter et al. (1975), and Gabriel (1976a). It is concluded that our model II reproduces these models within a factor of not more than 2. 相似文献
5.
Increasing concern about possible links between emissions of radon and certain types of malignant disease has led to local and regional surveys to measure radon concentrations in the soil and in dwellings. The spatial scale at which radon varies is largely unknown, and so efficient sampling schemes and methods of mapping cannot be selected. To determine the spatial scale of radon variation in the English Midlands we measured radon in the soil using solid-state nuclear track detection in three areas of different geological complexity. In two of them we used an unbalanced multistage sampling scheme with seven stages of nesting: the Hereford survey covered distances from 10 m to 7.5 km, and the Buxton survey distances from 1 m to 3.75 km. The results from the nested surveys suggested that geology exerts a strong control on the variation. Finally radon was measured every 20 m along a 2-km long transect which crossed several lithologies close to Nottingham. The soil radon values changed in an erratic way along the transect. The sample variogram of radon has a substantial nugget variance, suggesting that much of the variation occurred for distances less than the sampling interval. The structure at the longer scale seems to be controlled by the underlying geology. These results have implications for designing further surveys and for selecting a method of mapping. Stratification based on lithology might be the only feasible solution to sampling, estimating and mapping radon concentrations over large areas. Where the locally erratic component of variation is large, estimation by kriging, for example, would confer little additional benefit compared with that by classification. 相似文献
6.
Design flood estimation in ungauged catchments is of great importance in hydrologic practice especially where there is no available data about streamflow. Except the watershed of Anseghmir who is equipped with a gauge station, all the other watersheds are ungauged catchments. The use of frequency analysis of series of rainfall and streamflow is very important for the characterization of the hydrologic resources of the Upper Moulouya. The region has a semiarid climate that requires a good knowledge of the watershed's potential water to assist policy makers in forecasting extreme events, managing water resources and decision making. The frequency analysis was used to determine the design flood of different return periods. The results obtained are used in Gradex method to estimate the hydrologic variables of each subcatchment of the Upper Moulouya. Once the hydrologic study is completed, a principal components analysis was made to highlight the affinities between the different subcatchments and to deduce the hydrologic and hydrographic parameters that better characterize them. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
A monitoring program was undertaken to evaluate the adverse impacts of the El Arish power plant on the northeastern Sinai coast of Egypt. This program spanned 28 months and includes intensive hydrographic surveying, measurements of waves, longshore current, littoral drift, currents behind the breaker zone, offshore currents, sea-level variation and water quality. The shoreline dynamics of the region have been substantially disrupted due to the high-intensity longshore transport and the interruption of longshore transport by the shore-perpendicular intake breakwaters. Maximum erosion of 5.5 m/year has been documented east of the breakwater. This erosion has been continuing eastwards, threatening the resort centers on the downcoast beaches. On the other hand, accretion (11.7 m/year) is recorded along the western side of the breakwater, accumulating great volumes of sand which is transported to the east by littoral currents. Part of this sand enters the intake basin, causing sedimentation problems by the easterly and westerly littoral drifts and cross-shore currents. In other respect, an unprotected offshore channel dredged in front of the water discharger, east of the intake, acts as an effective trap for the predominantly easterly sand drift, subsequently interrupting sediments moving from the east, accelerating processes of erosion to the east. The cooling and wastewater discharging from the discharger to the sea are insignificantly warmer than the upcoast water and not contaminated with chemical wastes. The thermal and chemical plume has no significant effect on the quality of the coastal water in the region. 相似文献
8.
A cluster of well-preserved recent volcanoes in the northern Bayuda Desert make up a more or less continuous field some 520 km2 in area surrounded by a number of isolated centres of eruption. The volcanoes are numerous but small; up to 400 m in height and 0.35 km2 in volume. Most of them are simple composite volcanoes with a pyroclastic cone skirted by a small lava field erupted from the same vent after explosive eruptions had ceased. In a few instances, however, the cone was eviscerated by more violent eruptions, leaving a deep explosion crater. The lavas are all nepheline-normative alkali basalts and contain a variety of xenocrysts and xenoliths from at least three different sources. The distribution of the recent volcanoes was partly controlled by large granitic ring-intrusions of the Basement Complex country rocks. These intrusions belong to the Younger Granite association of late Precambrian or Lower Palaeozoic age and represent a volcanic-intrusive episode widespread in northern Africa. The complexes are composed of cale-alkaline and peralkaline granites and syenites and a related plexus of dyke swarms. 相似文献
9.
This paper deals with the mineralogy of the continental shelf sediments of Abu-Quir Bay, N Coast of Egypt. The three dimentional distributions (normal to the shore line, in the breaker and offshore zones and along profiles E-W0 of different material individuals for twelve profiles were discussed. The patternal distribution of the recorded minerals along the bay was controlled by selective transport of the sediments by the E-W littoral current. A general trend for the decrease of the heaviest minerals from the source area (Rosetta Mouth) was observed. The opaques, garnet, zircon and epidote are concentrated in the breaker zone sediments, while the other (pyroxens and mica) are concentrated in the offshore zone sediments. Considerable amounts of opaques, amphiboles, monazite, garnet, staurolite and tourmaline were concentrated near Maadia Outlet, this is most probably attributed to the subsurface old sediments of Canopic Branch. Correlation between the present work (1978–1979) and other mineralogical work during (1971–1973), Rashed 1978) was attemptted. 相似文献
10.
The hydrodynamic forces acting on an oblate spheroid placed in an oscillating free stream are obtained for the special case of inviscid flow. The flow is assumed incompressible and axisymmetric and the free stream oscillations are harmonic. The flow direction is always along the spheroid's axis of symmetry. Analytical expressions are obtained for the potential and stream functions as well as the surface pressure distribution and the hydrodynamic force coefficient. The analysis is based on the solution of the unsteady equations of motion and continuity in oblate spheroidal coordinate system. The parameters involved are the major to minor axes ratio and the Strouhal number. The solutions for the two limiting cases of oscillating flows over disks and spheres can be easily obtained from the presented analytical solution. 相似文献