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1.
借助"中国首次环球科学考察"航次,在东太平洋表层海水进行了添加氮、磷的现场培养实验。现场记录了实验水体温度的变化,用分光光度法对水体硝酸氮和活性磷酸盐浓度进行了检测,并用荧光法分析了水体叶绿素a浓度。结果表明,氮的添加会引起水体中叶绿素a浓度短期内快速增大,同时伴随硝酸盐浓度的显著降低,而单独添加P对水体中叶绿素a浓度影响并不显著;水体中N/P比值与叶绿素a浓度、N/P比值与浮游植物生长速度、温度与叶绿素a浓度以及温度与浮游植物生长速度之间均缺乏相关性。因此认为,在东太平洋实验海区表层海水中添加氮会引起浮游植物快速爆发,而磷的添加并不能刺激浮游植物快速生长,水体N/P比值和水体温度都不能单独控制浮游植物群落的生长。 相似文献
2.
于2011年6月12日至28日采集黄海表层海水进行甲板培养实验,研究了不同营养盐添加条件下浮游植物生长释放二甲亚砜(DMSO)的动态变化规律。实验结果表明,不同浓度及不同氮、磷、硅比值的营养盐的加入,均会导致培养体系中叶绿素a(Chl-a)、溶解态和颗粒态DMSO(DMSOd和DMSOp)含量的增加。培养实验过程中,DMSOp的浓度变化趋势与Chl-a相一致,其中在氮/磷比值最高(32∶1)的培养体系内DMSOp浓度最大,而DMSOd的浓度变化有一定的波动。此外,N、P营养盐相对于Si对DMSO含量的影响更为显著,而微量营养元素Fe可能并不是影响黄海浮游植物生物量的1个重要因子。 相似文献
3.
加拿大海盆北部营养盐限制作用研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2008年夏季中国第三次北极科学考察获得的营养盐、叶绿素a、温度和盐度等数据资料,结合现场营养盐添加实验的结果讨论西北冰洋加拿大海盆北部营养盐对浮游植物生长的限制作用。结果表明:由于融冰水稀释作用,加拿大海盆B80站约20m深度存在较强的盐跃层,阻碍了水体上下混合。较低浓度的溶解无机氮(DIN)和硅酸盐(分别为0.31μmol/L和0.94μmol/L)以及严重偏离Redfield比值的N/P、N/Si比值(分别为0.42和0.32)表明加拿大海盆表层水体存在N和Si限制。根据现场营养盐加富实验各培养组叶绿素a浓度变化、营养盐吸收总量差异和浮游植物种群结构,进一步表明氮是北冰洋海盆首要限制营养盐,而Si则抑制了硅质生物的生长。同时,较小的硝酸盐半饱和常数(Ks)证明即使在营养盐充足的情况下北冰洋海盆浮游植物生长速率也处于较低水平。计算得到各培养组营养盐吸收比例(N/P比值)均大于Redfield比值,可能是培养实验过程中以微型、微微型浮游植物为主,硅藻等小型浮游植物为辅造成的。 相似文献
4.
在许多水体生态系统中，浮游植物的生长受到营养盐可利用性的调控(Howarth，1988)。在一定的浓度范围内，营养盐对浮游植物的生长有促进作用，但如果营养盐浓度过低，则会对浮游植物的生长产生限制作用，过高则有毒理作用。
由于人类活动的影响，导致大量富含N、P的工业与生活污水排放入海水中，造成沿岸海水的富营养化。营养盐本底含量的增加对沿岸海水中浮游植物群落的组成影响巨大(Durate，1995)。Pedersen等(1996)指出，在沿岸海洋生态系统中，富营养化的结果会促进生长快速、生活周期短的藻类的丰度与生产力迅速增加，而生长缓慢的藻类由于在竞争中处于劣势，其丰度则可能下降。
在海洋生态系统中，用瓶子培养实验和化学计量法所得出的营养盐限制结论经常出现差异。溶解营养盐的浓度被最早用来指示营养盐的限制性，这些主要基于一些负的实验证据，例如，当磷酸盐仍然可测时，溶解硝酸盐已经检测不到 (Nixon et al.，1983)，暗示N可能比P更限制浮游植物的生长。但是在营养盐浓度无法检测得到的情况下，仍然有许多浮游植物种类对N、P有很高的亲和能力，因此藻的生长并未受到营养盐的限制。本实验应用是瓶子培养实验，该方法的优点是现场操作，光照和温度条件与现场基本一致，通过生物方法来反应营养盐的限制作用，结果可信度较高。本论文研究的目的是观察胶州湾浮游植物对营养盐添加的响应效果，以期对胶州湾营养盐限制研究提供有价值的科学信息。 相似文献
5.
南海北部秋季营养盐、溶解氧、pH值和叶绿素a分布特征及相互关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过2004年9月至10月对南海北部水域的现场调查,分析了表层海水中溶解氧、叶绿素a、pH值和营养盐等水质因子的空间分布分布特征,并讨论了它们之间的相互关系。结果表明:在南海北部海区的表层海水中,各水质因子在空间分布上大多呈现块状分布,且东西两侧的海水有较为明显的差异;海水中的溶解氧、pH值均表现出与海水温度相反的分布趋势;海水中的叶绿素a(Chla)和众多的水质因子表现出多元相关性,说明水体中浮游植物的生长繁殖是众多水质因子在南海北部综合作用的结果,而Chla和水体中亚硝酸盐的高相关性,说明南海北部水体中浮游植物的生长和亚硝酸盐有着比其他营养盐因子更为密切的联系。 相似文献
6.
胶州湾浮游植物对营养盐添加的响应关系 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
于1998年8月、11月、1999年2月 ,在胶州湾采用现场实验的方法初步研究了浮游植物对营养盐添加的时间响应效果。分级叶绿素a的结果显示 ,网采浮游植物(netphytoplankton ,简称net ,20～200μm)对同时添加氮(N)与磷(P)营养盐有最明显的响应 ;1998年8月微型浮游植物(nanophytoplankton ,简称nano ,2～20μm)对铁(Fe)或N +P的添加有比较明显的响应 ,在1998年11月与1999年2月则几乎无营养盐限制nano 的生长 ;1998年8月与1999年2月超微型浮游植物(picophytoplankton ,简称 pico ,<2μm)对N +P或N的添加有较明显的响应。 相似文献
7.
利用特征色素研究长江口海域浮游植物对营养盐加富的响应 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
于2009年5月和11月,在长江口邻近海域通过现场营养盐加富实验,研究了浮游植物对营养盐添加的响应。应用高效液相色谱技术分析培养样品中的特征色素组成,通过CHEMTAX软件估算了硅藻、甲藻、隐藻、定鞭藻、金藻、绿藻、青绿藻和蓝藻8个浮游植物类群对叶绿素a生物量的贡献(μg/L)。加富实验结果显示:不同海区或同一海区不同季节的浮游植物生长对营养盐响应不尽相同,这与培养实验水样采集时浮游植物所处的N、P限制状态有着密切的关系。营养盐的加富不仅能够促进浮游植物生物量的增加,也可能引起浮游植物的群落结构的变化。不同浮游植物类群对营养盐添加的敏感性不同,培养实验开始后营养盐的输入使得硅藻在竞争中取得了优势,硅藻所占比重明显上升;但随着培养的进行,营养盐逐渐消耗,一些在低营养条件下竞争能力强的浮游植物类群比如甲藻、蓝藻、隐藻等对生物量的贡献逐渐上升;同时,培养海水中初始浮游植物群落组成对营养盐加富后群落结构的变化有着重要的影响。 相似文献
8.
台湾海峡浮游植物生长的营养盐限制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2004年7～8月,2005年7月及2006年8月分别在台湾海峡南部海区5个测站进行了浮游植物生长的营养盐限制船基培养实验.结果表明,在调查期间,夏季台湾海峡南部海区浮游植物营养盐的限制状态存在一定的时空差异,氮是浮游植物生长的主要限制因子,并与上升流的存在与否无关;磷的弱限制偶尔会发生,这与涌升水的N/P比值有关.而硅只有在近岸上升流区形成高氮和磷的补充情况下偶尔才会产生微弱限制.在陆架外缘区,浮游植物限制状态较稳定,表现为受N的限制为主导的N、P的共同限制,P限制相对较弱. 相似文献
9.
营养盐对浒苔生长影响的围隔生态实验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2008年6月在青岛近海围隔实验研究了营养盐对浒苔生长的影响。结果表明,添加营养盐的围隔浒苔湿重生物量明显高于未添加营养盐的对照组和海区实验组。一次性添加f/2配方的营养盐和一次性添加N的2组浒苔日均相对增长率分别达10%和9%,围隔外海区对照只达4%。浒苔可在短期内快速大量地吸收营养盐,一次性添加f/2配方的营养盐储备液(水体浓度约f/8)的围隔中,浒苔24 h内对N和P的吸收速率分别为9.25μmol.g-1.h-1、0.63μmol.g-1.h-1。丰富的营养盐能够促进浒苔的迅速生长,营养盐的种类和浓度对浒苔的生长影响显著,种类多、浓度高的营养盐环境有利于浒苔生长。相对于NH4-N和PO4-P,充足的N源是浒苔快速生长的重要影响因素。 相似文献
10.
本文取自福建海岸带及台湾海峡西部硅酸盐、无机氮与磷酸盐的调查数据进行相关分析,结果表明各季ΔSi:ΔN:ΔP比值是比较固定的,现场的Si:N:P浓度比值是变化的,秋、冬季ΔN:ΔP比值接近Redfield比值.并通过各季N:P比值的平面分布,来探讨台湾海峡水系交错混合,浮游植物摄取转移对N:P比值的影响,结果表明沿岸大陆水中N:P比值高,外海水中N:P比值接近Redfield比值;在浮游植物生长繁殖旺盛的局部海区,磷酸盐几乎被消耗殆尽出现N:P比值极大区.在营养盐中磷是浮游植物生长繁殖的限制因素. 相似文献
11.
长江口及邻近水域氮、磷的形态特征及分布研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据近几年大面调查的监测资料,对长江口及邻近水域氮、磷营养盐的形态组成、时空分布及氮磷比的变动规律及其影响因素进行了分析研究。结果表明,长江口及邻近水域中硝酸盐是水体无机氮存在的主要形态,其约占总无机氮的90%,无机氮含量河口高,向东南方向愈来愈低;从该水域总磷的形态组成来看,磷营养盐主要以溶解态和颗粒态共存的形式存在,TDP略高于TPP,无机磷的平面分布与无机氮十分相似,春季无机磷含量高于夏季;N/P值变动范围大和平均值较高是该水域的主要特征,N/P值与长江径流量的大小有关系,夏季N/P值比春季高,综合分析来看,磷营养盐和光照都有可能成为该水域浮游植物生长的重要限制因子。 相似文献
12.
益阳大通湖生态因子的灰关联分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文采用灰色系统关联度分析方法,以空间理论数学为基础,依规范性、偶对称性、整体性和接近性原则,计算并分析了益阳大通湖14个生态因子的关联度,关联序结果为:亚硝酸氮氮磷比氨氮总氮硝酸氮浮游动物叶绿素a透明度总磷水深水温浮游植物酸碱度溶解氧。益阳大通湖表现为总氮(包括亚硝酸氮、氨氮和硝酸氮)和氮磷比是优势影响因子。通过灰关联分析发现,大通湖水体水质良好,水体的总氮、氮磷比及总磷都适于浮游生物的生长繁殖,对增加渔产潜力有重要作用。 相似文献
13.
《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(6):923-935
As part of the Programme National d'Océanographie Côtière, the nutrient dynamics of the Bay of Seine were studied between 1992 and 1994 in order to complement work on ecological modelling. Firstly, the River Seine's nutrient fluxes were established: 80 000–130 000 t a−1 of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 6 400–8 4001 a−1 of dissolved phosphorus and 20 000–77 000 t a−1 of dissolved silicium. Estuarine processes were taken into account. Consequences of nutrient loading for the bay were then evaluated at the pelagic level (nutrient and chlorophyll enrichments) and the benthic level (distribution of various phosphorus fractions in superficial sediments). The large continental inputs always induce concentration gradients in the water from the mouth of the river to the northwest of the bay. The northward spreading of fine particulate matter controls the distribution of adsorbed phosphate and iron-aluminium bound phosphate in sediments. In contrast, calcium bound phosphate, the main fraction in sediments, is not affected by river inputs. Organic phosphorus in sediments is related to phytoplankton blooms, with increasing concentrations during productive periods; afterwards the fast recycling prevents sedimentary accumulation. The nutrient depletions observed beyond the turbid plume during spring 1992 enabled the calculation of nutrient uptake rates, and the comparison of these rates with phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a + phaeopigments). Ratios of nutrient consumption to pigment concentration were estimated at 1 μmol μg−1 for nitrogen, 0.05 for phosphorus and 0.5 for silicate. These values, as N/P and Si/N uptake ratios (respectively 17.5 and 0.4), were similar to usual values. 相似文献
14.
Experiments on nutrient and iron amendments were performed with phytoplankton on the eastern shelf of the Bering Sea in June 2000 and August 2001. The nutrient amendments (NO3, NH4, SiO4, NO3 + SiO4, NH4 + SiO4, and Fe + NO3) increasing their initial concentrations by ～20 μM were put into test bottles 10 l in volume each. With iron addition (Fe or Fe + NO3), its concentration increased by 5 nM. The experiments performed showed that the main nutrient that limited the phytoplankton development was nitrogen. Regardless of the composition of the dominant algae in the background community, the amendments caused massive development of diatoms. The intense growth was characteristic for diatoms of both the spring and spring-summer assemblages. At high abundances of Phaeocystis pouchetii or of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi in the natural water, nitrogen-containing amendments caused an intense growth of these species, along with the massive development of diatoms. In the case of the diatom prevalence in the initial sample, the intensities of the utilization of NO3 and NH4 in combination with SiO4 in the course of the experiment were 1.7 and 3 times as high as their intensities with no silicon amendments. Likewise, NO3 + SiO4 and NH4 + SiO4 mixed amendments caused an increase in the silicon assimilation by a factor of 4–5 as compared to pure silicon amendments. During one of the experimental series in which both diatoms and Phaeocystis pouchetii actively developed, virtually complete nitrogen utilization (90–99.8%) in 4–5 days was observed for both the NO3 and NH4. The addition of silicon and iron only caused no significant growth of the phytoplankton abundance. It was assumed that the destruction of the seasonal thermocline and the supply of nutrients into the surface layer as a result of strong wind forcing might cause a phytoplankton bloom in the summer time and result in the much pronounced qualitative and quantitative spatial heterogeneity of the phytoplankton characteristic of the eastern shelf of the Bering Sea. 相似文献
15.
2006—2007年夏、冬季浙东海域叶绿素a分布特征及其环境影响因子 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更清楚了解浙东海域浮游植物的初级生产力情况,于2006年8月(夏季)和2007年1月(冬季)在浙东海域28°00′～30°00′N、122°00′～127°30′E设置了3条调查断面,共布设25个观测站位,现场采用荧光连续法对叶绿素a进行测定,初步研究了该海域叶绿素a的空间分布特征,并探讨了水体温度、营养盐和浊度对叶绿素a分布的影响。结果表明:夏季,叶绿素a分布趋势为近岸(平均质量浓度为2.01μg/L)>外海(平均质量浓度为0.52μg/L),其主要垂直分布类型为递增型、递减型和单峰型;冬季,叶绿素a分布趋势为外海(平均质量浓度为0.50μg/L)>近岸(平均质量浓度为0.33μg/L),主要垂直分布类型为递增型、均匀型、单峰型和双峰型。夏季调查海域浮游植物叶绿素a平均质量浓度为0.93μg/L,明显高于冬季(0.46μg/L)。温度、营养盐和浊度是影响研究区夏、冬季叶绿素a分布的主要环境因子。 相似文献
16.
Koji Suzuki Akira Hinuma Hiroaki Saito Hiroshi Kiyosawa Hongbin Liu Toshiro Saino Atsushi Tsuda 《Progress in Oceanography》2005,64(2-4):167
To verify the hypothesis that the growth of phytoplankton in the Western Subarctic Gyre (WSG), which is located in the northwest subarctic Pacific, is suppressed by low iron (Fe) availability, an in situ Fe fertilization experiment was carried out in the summer of 2001. Changes over time in the abundance and community structure of phytoplankton were examined inside and outside an Fe patch using phytoplankton pigment markers analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and flow cytometry (FCM). In addition, the abundance of heterotrophic bacteria was also investigated by FCM. The chlorophyll a concentration was initially ca. 0.9 μg l−1 in the surface mixed layer where diatoms and chlorophyll b-containing green algae (prasinophytes and chlorophytes) were predominant in the chlorophyll biomass. After the iron enrichment, the chlorophyll a concentration increased up to 9.1 μg l−1 in the upper 10 m inside the Fe patch on Day 13. At the same time, the concentration of fucoxanthin (a diatom marker) increased 45-fold in the Fe patch, and diatoms accounted for a maximum 69% of the chlorophyll biomass. This result was consistent with a microscopic observation showing that the diatom Chaetoceros debilis had bloomed inside the Fe patch. However, chlorophyllide a concentrations also increased in the Fe patch with time, and reached a maximum of 2.2 μg l−1 at 5 m depth on Day 13, suggesting that a marked abundance of senescent algal cells existed at the end of the experiment. The concentration of peridinin (a dinoflagellate marker) also reached a maximum 24-fold, and dinoflagellates had contributed significantly (>15%) to the chlorophyll biomass inside the Fe patch by the end of the experiment. Concentrations of 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (a prymnesiophyte marker), 19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (a pelagophyte marker), and alloxanthin (a cryptophyte marker) were only incremented a few-fold increment inside the Fe patch. On the contrary, chlorophyll b concentration reduced to almost half of the initial level in the upper 10 m water column inside the Fe patch at the end of the experiment. A decrease with time in the abundance of eukaryotic ultraphytoplankton (<ca. 5 μm in size), in which chlorophyll b-containing green algae were possibly included was also observed by FCM. Overall, our results indicate that Fe supply can dramatically alter the abundance and community structure of phytoplankton in the WSG. On the other hand, cell density of heterotrophic bacteria inside the Fe patch was maximum at only ca. 1.5-fold higher than that outside the Fe patch. This indicates that heterotrophic bacteria abundance was little respondent to the Fe enrichment. 相似文献
17.
为了评估海洋酸化和富营养化耦合作用对近海浮游生态环境的影响,本研究以天津市近岸海域浮游植物群落的生物地球化学指标为研究对象,分别采用一次性及连续培养的方式模拟自然水华及稳态条件,探究其对二氧化碳(CO2)和硝酸盐浓度变化及二者耦合作用的响应。实验条件设置如下:1)对照:二氧化碳分压p(CO2)40.53 Pa、无硝酸盐添加;2)酸化:p(CO2)101.3 Pa、无硝酸盐添加;3)加N:p(CO2)40.53 Pa、添加硝酸盐50 μmol·L–1;4)酸化加N:p(CO2)101.3 Pa、添加硝酸盐50 μmol·L–1。实验结果表明,硝酸盐加富比酸化更加显著地促进浮游植物群落总叶绿素(Chl a)生物量及颗粒有机碳(POC)和颗粒有机氮(PON)积累,酸化和加N使浮游植物群落粒径大小升高。连续培养实验表明,酸化和N加富对Chl a、生物硅(BSi)、PON浓度、PON与颗粒有机磷(POP)比值(N/P)、POC与BSi比值(C/BSi)及沉降速率有协同交互作用,对POP和POC浓度及POC与PON比值(C/N)有拮抗性交互作用。在一次性培养后,酸化显著降低了浮游植物群落的沉降速率;而在连续培养后,酸化和N加富使浮游植物群落沉降速率显著升高。这些结果表明酸化和N加富对与近岸浮游植物相关的生物地球化学循环及在不同生长阶段的种群碳沉降存在不同的潜在影响及交互效应。 相似文献
18.
Abstract The surface distribution of salinity, temperature, nitrate‐nitrogen (N03‐N), and chlorophyll a in the southern New Zealand, Foveaux Strait region in February 1977, 1978, 1979, and 1980 was highly variable. The source of new nitrogen appears to be incursions of high‐salinity water west and east of Stewart Island. Although it seems likely that the source of this high‐nutrient, high‐salinity water is vertical, a horizontal advective source cannot be ruled out The chlorophyll a content of surface waters was not related directly to the NO3‐N concentrations. This lower food chain variability may be linked to variability in economically important species. Oysters grew twice as fast in the summer of 1978/79 as they did in 1979/80. But the mean chlorophyll a values were very similar for February of both years (2.5 and 2.2 μg 1?1, respectively). The elevated NO3‐N levels in 1979 may have resulted in much higher phytoplankton levels later that summer and resulted in the higher oyster growth rate that year. The mechanisms driving this variability have yet to be determined. 相似文献
19.
Kenichiro Hamada Naoko Ueda Machiko Yamada Kuninao Tada Shigeru Montani 《Journal of Oceanography》2012,68(1):173-182
Biologically important nutrient concentrations in Dokai Bay have declined as a result of reductions in anthropogenic inputs
of total nitrogen and total phosphorus. A decrease in nutrient concentrations affects phytoplankton growth, thereby changing
the biochemical characteristics of autochthonous particulate matter. We therefore investigated changes in the C/N/P molar
ratio of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the summer, when phytoplankton growth is vigorous, before environmental quality
standards (EQSs) were attained (1995–1998) and afterward (2006–2009). We found that the ratio of particulate organic nitrogen
(PON) to particulate phosphorus (PP) changed in conjunction with changes in the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved
inorganic phosphorus (DIP) that resulted from reductions in nutrient loading. Furthermore, we suggest that because the DIP
concentration in seawater was high before EQSs were attained, inorganic phosphorus was possibly adsorbed onto SPM. After the
attainment of EQSs, however, the DIP concentration fell, and PON/PP was high. Phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton growth
in the mouth of the bay may explain the high PON/PP ratios after EQS attainment. 相似文献
20.
Batch cultures of water and algae from Lake Rotorua were subjected to nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace element additions, singly and in combination, at monthly intervals between June 1975 and May 1976. The algal responses to the additions were assayed after 5 d incubation, by extracting the chlorophyll from the algae and estimating the concentration by fluorescence. The chlorophyll production consistently responded positively to the addition of nitrogen, while responses to the addition of phosphorus and trace elements were minor by comparison. Although the chlorophyll responses to nitrogen may not have been paralleled by actual growth, the consistent pattern of behaviour by algae in the batch cultures was interpreted as evidence of persistent shortage of nitrogen in the Lake Rotorua environment. 相似文献