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Gao Yuan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1992,6(4):519-519
An Asian Dust Storm International Workshop was held on 25—26 June 1992 at the Grad-uate School of Oceanography,University of Rhode Island,U.S.A.Dr.Richard Arimoto of theCenter for Atmospheric Chemistry Studies,University of Rhode Island was the organizer forthis workshop.More than 30 scientists from China,Japan and the United States attended themeeting. 相似文献
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Uncertainty in Dust Budget over East Asia Simulated by WRF/Chem with Six Different Dust Emission Schemes 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, the dependence of dust budgets on dust emission schemes is investigated through the simulation of dust storm events, which occurred during 14–25 March 2002, over East Asia, by the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry（WRF/Chem） model coupled with six dust emission schemes. Generally, this model can reasonably reproduce the spatial distribution of surface dust concentration; however, the simulated total dust budget differs significantly with different emission schemes. Moreover, uncertainties in the simulated dust budget vary among regions. It is suggested that the dust emission scheme affects the regional dust budget directly through its impact on the total emitted dust amount; however, the inflow and outflow of dust aerosols simulated by different schemes within a region also depend on the geographical location of the dust emission region. Furthermore, the size distribution of dust particles for a specific dust emission scheme has proven to be important for dust budget calculation due to the dependence of dust deposition amount on dust size distribution. 相似文献
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徐晓斌 《气象科技合作动态》2009,(6):11-11,10
应德国马克斯普朗克化学研究所（Max Planck Institute for Chemistry,以下简称马普化学研究所）大气化学部Jonathan Williams博士邀请,经中国气象局国际合作司批准,中国气象科学研究院大气成分中心,徐晓斌博士于2009年10月6～10日对该所进行了短期访问。本次访问的主要目的是学术交流。 相似文献
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《中国气象科学研究院年报》2012,(1):92-93
<正>2012年2月21日,美国《大气研究》杂志主编Jose Luis Sanchez教授应邀访问气科院,并为科研人员做了"发表你的研究:《大气研究》杂志"学术报告,副院长张小曳主持报告会。At the invitation of CAMS,the Editor-in-Chief of US Journal of Atmospheric Research,Prof.Jose Luis Sanchez visited CAMS on 21 February 2012 and gave an academic speech titled"To Publish Your Science:Journal of Atmospheric Research".The seminar was hosted by CAMS Vice President,Prof.Zhang Xiaoye. 相似文献
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BCC-ESM1 Model Datasets for the CMIP6 Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project(AerChemMIP) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jie ZHANG Tongwen WU Fang ZHANG Kalli FURTADO Xiaoge XIN Xueli SHI Jianglong LI Min CHU Li ZHANG Qianxia LIU Jinghui Yan Min WEI Qiang MA 《大气科学进展》2021,38(2):317-328
BCC-ESM1 is the first version of the Beijing Climate Center’s Earth System Model,and is participating in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).The Aerosol Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project(AerChemMIP)is the only CMIP6-endorsed MIP in which BCC-ESM1 is involved.All AerChemMIP experiments in priority 1 and seven experiments in priorities 2 and 3 have been conducted.The DECK(Diagnostic,Evaluation and Characterization of Klima)and CMIP historical simulations have also been run as the entry card of CMIP6.The AerChemMIP outputs from BCC-ESM1 have been widely used in recent atmospheric chemistry studies.To facilitate the use of the BCC-ESM1 datasets,this study describes the experiment settings and summarizes the model outputs in detail.Preliminary evaluations of BCC-ESM1 are also presented,revealing that:the climate sensitivities of BCC-ESM1 are well within the likely ranges suggested by IPCC AR5;the spatial structures of annual mean surface air temperature and precipitation can be reasonably captured,despite some common precipitation biases as in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models;a spurious cooling bias from the 1960s to 1990s is evident in BCC-ESM1,as in most other ESMs;and the mean states of surface sulfate concentrations can also be reasonably reproduced,as well as their temporal evolution at regional scales.These datasets have been archived on the Earth System Grid Federation(ESGF)node for atmospheric chemistry studies. 相似文献
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大气化学是大气科学领域一门新兴的分支学科。本书是在气象出版社１９９１年出版的《大气化学》的基础上修订而成的。《大气化学（第二版）》保留了第一版的基本结构和主要内容,除修改了个别印刷错误外,对一些数据和信息进行了更新,并增加了一些新的内容,其中大部分是作者和他的学生们在近几年取得的最新研究成果。本书第１～３章系统介绍大气化学基础知识,包括大气化学的研究内容和研究方法,大气的组成、结构,控制大气化学成分的关键过程,大气微量成分的循环过程等。第４～７章分别介绍大气化学几个重要方面的最新研究成果,涉及大… 相似文献
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The objective of the present study was to better understand the impacts of the additional sources of nitrous acid （HONO） on visibility, which is an aspect not considered in current air quality models. Simulations of HONO contributions to visibility over the North China Plain （NCP） during August 2007 using the fully coupled Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry （WRF/Chem） model were performed, including three additional HONO sources： （1） the reaction of photo-excited nitrogen dioxide （NO~） with water vapor; （2） the NO2 heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces; and （3） HONO emissions. The model generally reproduced the spatial patterns and diurnal variations of visibility over the NCP well. When the additional HONO sources were included in the simulations, the visibility was occasionally decreased by 20%-30% （3-4 km） in local urban areas of the NCP. Monthly-mean concentrations of NO3, NH＋, SO]- and PM2.5 were increased by 20%-52% （3-11μg m-3）, 10%-38%, 6%-10%, and 6%-11% （9-17 μg m-3）, respectively; and in urban areas, monthly-mean accumulation- mode number concentrations （AMNC） and surface concentrations of aerosols were enhanced by 15%-20% and 10%-20%, respectively. Overall, the results suggest that increases in concentrations of PM2.5, its hydrophilic components, and AMNC, are key factors for visibility degradation. A proposed conceptual model for the impacts of additional HONO sources on visibility also suggests that visibility estimation should consider the heterogeneous reaction on aerosol surfaces and the enhanced atmospheric oxidation capacity due to additional HONO sources, especially in areas with high mass concentrations of NOx and aerosols. 相似文献
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Aerosol optical depth(AOD) is the most basic parameter that describes the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols,and it can be used to indicate aerosol content. In this study, we assimilated AOD data from the Fengyun-3 A(FY-3 A) and MODIS meteorological satellite using the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. Experiments were conducted for a dust storm over East Asia in April 2011. Each 0600 UTC analysis initialized a24-h Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model forecast. The results generally showed that the assimilation of satellite AOD observational data can significantly improve model aerosol mass prediction skills. The AOD distribution of the analysis field was closer to the observations of the satellite after assimilation of satellite AOD data. In addition, the analysis resulting from the experiment assimilating both FY-3 A/MERSI(Medium-resolution Spectral Imager) AOD data and MODIS AOD data had closer agreement with the ground-based values than the individual assimilation of the two datasets for the dust storm over East Asia. These results suggest that the Chinese FY-3 A satellite aerosol products can be effectively applied to numerical models and dust weather analysis. 相似文献
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Chunhong ZHOU Xiaojing SHEN Zirui LIU Yangmei ZHANG Jinyuan XIN 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2018,(2)
A coupled aerosol–cloud model is essential for investigating the formation of haze and fog and the interaction of aerosols with clouds and precipitation. One of the key tasks of such a model is to produce correct mass and number size distributions of aerosols. In this paper, a parameterization scheme for aerosol size distribution in initial emission,which took into account the measured mass and number size distributions of aerosols, was developed in the GRAPES–CUACE [Global/Regional Assimilation and Pr Ediction System–China Meteorological Administration(CMA) Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment model]—an online chemical weather forecast system that contains microphysical processes and emission, transport, and chemical conversion of sectional multi-component aerosols. In addition, the competitive mechanism between nucleation and condensation for secondary aerosol formation was improved, and the dry deposition was also modified to be in consistent with the real depositing length. Based on the above improvements, the GRAPES–CUACE simulations were verified against observational data during 1–31 January 2013, when a series of heavy regional haze–fog events occurred in eastern China. The results show that the aerosol number size distribution from the improved experiment was much closer to the observation, whereas in the old experiment the number concentration was higher in the nucleation mode and lower in the accumulation mode. Meanwhile, the errors in aerosol number size distribution as diagnosed by its sectional mass size distribution were also reduced. Moreover, simulations of organic carbon, sulfate, and other aerosol components were improved and the overestimation as well as underestimation of PM2.5 concentration in eastern China was significantly reduced,leading to increased correlation coefficient between simulated and observed PM2.5 by more than 70%. In the remote areas where bad simulation results were produced previously, the correlation coefficient grew from 0.35 to 0.61, and the mean mass concentration went up from 43% to 87.5% of the observed value. Thus, the simulation of particulate matters in these areas has been improved considerably. 相似文献
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Urban air pollution in Pakistan is a serious challenge and it causes significant damage to human health and ecosystems. This paper presents a modelling study using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model coupled with Chemistry(WRF-Chem) to simulate the spatial distributions and temporal variations of aerosol concentrations over Pakistan, focusing on contributions of domestic emission sectors(transport, industry, residential, and energy) to mass concentrations of sulfate(SO2–4), nitrate(NO–3), ammonium(NH+4), black carbon(BC), and organic carbon(OC) during the months of January, April, July, and October in 2010. Sensitivity studies indicate that, averaged over January, April, July, and October of 2010, energy and industry sectors have the largest contributions to SO2–4 concentrations, each of which contributes about 10%?20% to SO2– 4over the polluted eastern Pakistan. The contributions from residential and transport sectors to NO–3 concentrations reach 40%?50% in central Pakistan. The residential sector has the highest contribution of 50%–80% to BC and OC loading in northeastern and southern Pakistan. Examination of sector contributions to aerosol levels in Lahore, the most polluted city in Pakistan, suggests that reductions in emissions in the residential sector should be an efficient measure for improving particulate matter air quality in this region. 相似文献
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Enhancements of Major Aerosol Components Due to
Additional HONO Sources in the North China Plain
and Implications for Visibility and Haze 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry model(WRF-Chem) was updated by including photoexcited nitrogen dioxide(NO2) molecules,heterogeneous reactions on aerosol surfaces,and direct emissions of nitrous acid(HONO) in the Carbon-Bond Mechanism Z(CBM-Z).Five simulations were conducted to assess the effects of each new component and the three additional HONO sources on concentrations of major chemical components.We calculated percentage changes of major aerosol components and concentration ratios of gas NO y(NOyg) to NO y and particulate nitrates(NO-3) to NO y due to the three additional HONO sources in the North China Plain in August of 2007.Our results indicate that when the three additional HONO sources are included,WRF-Chem can reasonably reproduce the HONO observations.Heterogeneous reactions on aerosol surfaces are a key contributor to concentrations of HONO,nitrates(NO 3),ammonium(NH + 4),and PM 2.5(concentration of particulate matter of 2.5 μm in the ambient air) across the North China Plain.The three additional HONO sources produced a～5%-20% increase in monthly mean daytime concentration ratios of NO-3 /NO y,a ～15%-52% increase in maximum hourly mean concentration ratios of NO-3 /NO y,and a ～10%-50% increase in monthly mean concentrations of NO-3 and NH+4 across large areas of the North China Plain.For the Bohai Bay,the largest hourly increases of NO-3 exceeded 90%,of NH+4 exceeded 80%,and of PM 2.5 exceeded 40%,due to the three additional HONO sources.This implies that the three additional HONO sources can aggravate regional air pollution,further impair visibility,and enhance the incidence of haze in some industrialized regions with high emissions of NO x and particulate matter under favorable meteorological conditions. 相似文献
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Assessment of Dust Aerosol Optical Depth and Shortwave Radiative Forcing over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in Spring Based on Satellite Observations 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Dust aerosol optical depth （AOD） and its accompanying shortwave radiative forcing （RF） are usually simulated by numerical models. Here, by using 9 months of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） aerosol product data in combination with Clouds and the Earth＇s Radiant Energy System Single Scanner Footprint （CERES/SSF） data, dust AOD and its shortwave RF were estimated over the cloud-free northwest （NW） Pacific Ocean in the springs of 2004, 2005, and 2006. The results showed that in this region, the mean dust AOD and its shortwave RF were 0.10 and -5.51 W m^-2, respectively. In order to validate the dust AOD derived by MODIS, results from the Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport （GOCART） model were also used here. The correlation coefficient between the monthly averaged dust AOD derived by MODIS measurements and the model simulation results was approximately 0.53. Since the estimates of the dust AOD and its shortwave RF obtained in this study are based mainly on satellite data, they offer a good reference for numerical models. 相似文献
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分析了1992-2000年各季节卤素掩星试验(Halogen Oceultation Experiment)HAOLE的CH4混合比资料,并用美国国家大气研究中心(the National Center for Atmospheric Research)NCAR的平流层二维模式(Simulation of Chemistry,Radiation,and Transport of Environmentally important Species)SOCARTES研究了CH4在冬、夏季节变率与平流层行星波对CH4浓度输送之间的关系,结果表明:观测和模拟的CH4混合比季节变化都很明显,而模拟的CH4浓度季节变率比观测值小30%～60%.分析结果还表明,模式中行星波引起的CH4浓度变化主要贡献于30 km以下的季节变率.比较了模拟和观测的行星波对CH4的输送结果,结果显示模式明显低估了行星波的输送,这也是模式中季节变率比观测偏小的一个主要原因. 相似文献
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林爱兰 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1998,4(2):141-147
Using 1975-1993 (with 1978 missing) data of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), characteristics of seasonal variation of low-frequency oscillations in the South China Sea and its relation to the establishment and activity of the summer monsoon there are studied. As is shown in the result, the low-frequency oscillation in the South China Sea is much stronger in the period of summer monsoon than in that of winter monsoon and the summer monsoon there usually begins to set up in a negative phase of the first significant low-frequency oscillation for the early summer. The study also reveals that the circulation for the low-frequency oscillation during the summer monsoon in the Sea is embodied as north-south fluctuations of the ITCZ and east-west shifts of western ridge point of the West Pacific subtropical high, suggesting close correlation between the low-frequency oscillation and the active and break (decay) of the South China Sea monsoon. In the meantime. the work illustrates how the low-frequency oscillation in the South China Sea are superimposed with the seasonal variation of the general circulation. so that the summer inonsoon covers the establishment of the Ist, intensification of the 2nd and 3rd the low-frequency oscillations and decay of the 4th oscillation. 相似文献
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We have found that tide-forming forces have an important triggering effect on the abnormal changes in the atmospheric mction.They are different from classical tide-forming forces.The atmospheric tides in the troposphere dcpend primarily upon the tide-forming forces at the time of astronomical singularities.There are three resonance areas,i.c.,the areas close to 54.7°and 90°from the sublunar point at the time of astronomical singularities,and the ≤2°area of the sublunar point.The superposition of the resonance arcas of sevcral astronomical singularities may excite anomalies of the atmospheric circulation,including the adjustment and continual anomalies of the extraong waves,the subtropical high and the blocking situation.It is hoped that our research can make contributions to thc improvement of medium-range,monthly and seasonai numerical predictions. 相似文献