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1.
马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii）是我国南方养殖的一种重要经济贝类，长期以来一直是我国主要的海水育珠的主要贝类，用马氏珠母贝育珠是广东、广西和海南沿海部分地区经济发展的支柱性产业。近年来，我国海水珍珠的质量出现明显滑坡，严重地削弱了在国际市场上的竞争力。为提高海水珍珠质量和在国际市场上的竞争力，国内科技工作者已经进行了大量的研究工作，这些工作主要包括对马氏珠母贝养殖群体性状的改良、育珠技术的优化和海水珍珠形成机理的研究。 相似文献
2.
在详细分析我国海水珍珠养殖业存在问题的基础上,提出了统一规划海区,定量、低密度和开展外海深水海区珍珠养殖;加速大型珍珠贝全人工养殖与育珠的研究,丰富养殖品种;建立良种场、实行马氏珠母贝种质复壮;加强技术推广,延长育珠期、提高珍珠质量;抓好珍珠深加工、开拓珍珠产业链;建立龙头企业,带动珍珠业向集约型发展等可持续发展对策。 相似文献
3.
我国海水养殖珍珠业存在的问题及对策 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在详细分析我国海水珍珠养殖业存在问题的基础上，提出了统一规划海区，定量、低密度和开展外海深水海区珍珠养殖；加速大型珍珠贝全人工养殖与育珠的研究，丰富养殖品种；建立良种场、实行马氏珠母贝种质复壮；加强技术推广，延长育珠期、提高珍珠质量；抓好珍珠深加工、开拓珍珠产业链；建立龙头企业，带动珍珠业向集约型发展等可持续发展对策。 相似文献
4.
以马氏珠母贝快速生长选系F3为材料,以常规技术插核操作并进行海区养殖,育珠期结束,测量育珠母贝的壳长、壳高、壳宽、总质量与壳质量共5个生长性状指标,以及商品珍珠质量与珍珠层厚度,分析育珠贝生长性状指标与珍珠层厚度及珍珠质量的相关性。结果表明:马氏珠母贝的生长性状与珍珠层厚度及珍珠质量均存在极显著相关性(p值<0.01);壳长、壳高、壳宽、总质量、壳质量与珍珠层厚度的相关系数分别为0.481、0.412、0.418、0.457、0.456;壳长、壳高、壳宽、总质量、壳质量与珍珠质量的相关系数分别为0.467、0.468、0.380、0.556、0.644。通过改良马氏珠母贝养殖群体的生长性状能够有效提高珍珠的质量。 相似文献
5.
熊大仁 《广东海洋大学学报》1977,(1)
珍珠养殖的生产最终目的物是珍珠,而养殖的直接对象则是形成珍珠的马氏珠母贝,所以,进行贝的合理养殖是个先决条件,养不出健壮的贝是不能插核育珠的,由采苗到成长需要三年,由插核到采收又要二至三年(指一般情况),在这个期间,马氏贝都养殖在海中,而海中这个环境条件是不断变化的,兹先将海水环境条件的水温、比重和流速三者的变化影响马氏珠母贝的活动,即外部生态与内部生理所表现的现象分析如下,以作管养参考。 相似文献
6.
【目的】为提高马氏珠母贝的育珠效益,比较海水盐度、抗生素和休养方式对马氏珠母贝育珠贝成活率、留核率和优良珠率的影响。【方法】实验1,设置休养海水盐度为22.5、25.1和27.8,以天然海水盐度31.7为对照组;实验2,休养期间,分别使用青霉素和链霉素、盐酸环丙沙星、头孢克肟和硫酸庆大霉素,手术第1天用量为10 mg·L~(-1),植核手术后1 d起使用量为5 mg·L~(-1),连续使用5 d;实验3,分别在室内水池、池塘和天然海区进行马氏珠母贝的术后休养,研究不同术后处理方式对育珠贝产珠性能的影响。【结果与结论】低盐度海水休养对马氏珠母贝育珠贝的优良珠率影响有统计学意义(P 0.05),但对育珠贝成活率和留核率影响无统计学意义(P0.05);休养期间使用抗生素对马氏珠母贝育珠贝的成活率、留核率和优良珠率影响无统计学意义(P0.05);休养方式对育珠贝的成活率和留核率影响有统计学意义(P 0.05),水池休养的育珠贝成活率和留核率最高,海区休养的育珠贝最低。 相似文献
7.
梁法竞 《广东海洋大学学报》1988,(1)
我国海水珍珠养殖虽有二十多年历史,但进展不大,其主要原因之一是珍珠质量较差和产量较低。为了探讨这个问题,我们采用抗菌素等药物处理小片和珠核。作者于1964年在广西钦州龙门港和1969年在广东惠东县海水养殖场分别进行试验。以抗菌素用于珍珠插核生产是可以提高珍珠质量及育珠母贝留珠率的。日本也曾用抗菌素于珍珠插核试验,据报道无明显效果,这是否以用药浓度有关,是值得讨论的。 相似文献
8.
《广东海洋大学学报》1976,(1)
马氏珠母贝人工繁殖贝苗工作,在中国科学院南海海洋研究所和东兴珍珠养殖场的努力协作下,于1965年试验成功之后就迅速推广开来,马氏珠母贝人工繁殖贝苗技术已为绝大多数珍珠养殖场的工人和社员所掌握,每年生产数千万的贝苗,解决了苗种的来源问题,使许多没有天然苗种发生的海区,都有养殖珍珠的可能,为珍珠的生产打下了良好的基础。这是毛主席革命路线的伟大胜利,是无产阶级文化大革命的丰硕成果。 相似文献
9.
梁飞龙 《广东海洋大学学报》1998,(2)
马氏珠母贝Pintadamartensi（Dunker）是生产海水珍珠的主要贝类。其人工养殖主要靠人工育苗提供种苗,而种苗的生产经常出现产量不高,甚至中途失败的问题。其主要原因是水质不良。为了改善育苗期间的水质条件,我们对马氏珠母贝的常规育苗方法进行了一些改进,取得了较好的效果。现将改进工作介绍如下。互材料互．且亲贝采自海南省陵水县黎安港。贝龄约3a,壳高6．8～7．5cm。雌雄贝比例为8：1,即按8雌1雄进行选贝。1．2饵料绿色巴夫藻Pavlovaviridis,湛江等鞭藻Isochgsiszhan;iangensis,亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcordiformis,活性… 相似文献
10.
符韶 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(3):37-37
2007年5月29日,广东省海洋与渔业局组织由中山大学吕军仪教授为主任的专家委员会,对我校珍珠研究所邓陈茂教授主持、海南省海黎三贝珍珠养殖有限公司、雷州市流沙港荣辉珍珠养殖有限公司协助承担的重点科技项目"珠母贝(黑蝶贝)全人工养殖及育珠的研究"进行了成果鉴定。鉴定委员 相似文献
11.
华贵栉孔扇贝两种壳色群体生长和消化酶活力比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以华贵栉孔扇贝桔黄和紫褐壳色个体为亲本建立两个壳色群体,从壳长、壳高、壳宽和体重几方面进行生长比较,并对两个群体做了淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力比较。结果表明:桔黄壳色群体的平均壳长、平均壳高、平均壳宽和平均体重显著大于紫褐壳色群体(P<0.05)。在24℃、27℃、30℃和33℃条件下,桔黄壳色群体的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力显著高于紫褐壳色群体(P<0.05);不同壳色群体生长与其淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力有关。 相似文献
12.
湛江北部湾马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系生长模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为检验不同模型对马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的生长发育拟合效果,分别采用von Bertalanffy、Gompertz、Logistic和Brody 4种非线性生长模型对红壳色选育系壳长、壳宽、壳高等形态性状和重量性状的生长发育进行拟合,通过Levenberg-Marquardt迭代法求出模型中各生长参数,结合各参数的最优值,得出拟合效果最佳的生长模型。结果表明,在马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系的第一年半生长过程中,Brody模型为壳长、壳宽与壳高的最优生长模型,von Bertalanffy模型为体重的最优生长模型,分别有效地拟合了马氏珠母贝红壳色选育系早期生长发育的累积生长曲线。 相似文献
13.
马氏珠母贝经济性状对体重决定效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用通径分析方法研究了不同养殖区马氏珠母贝各分性状对体重的决定效应。结果表明:流沙养殖群体分性状壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长、软体部重和闭壳肌重与体重间呈正相关(P<0.01),对体重的直接决定效应分别为0.091、0.072、0.029、0.002、0.089和0.001,间接决定效应分别为0.319、0.284、0.183、0.03、0.304和0.004,总决定效应分别为0.41、0.356、0.212、0.032、0.393和0.005;6个经济性状与体重间的关系在抽样断面上可用线性回归模型拟合,复相关系数达0.939(P<0.01)。6个性状3类决定效应按大小排列均为壳长>软体部重>壳宽>壳高>铰合线长>闭壳肌重。迈陈养殖群体作为验证群体,各效应值与前者有差异,但3类决定效应大小排序与前者完全相同。基于决定效应大小及性状易测性,育种目标性状的选择策略为首选壳长,二选壳高,三选壳宽。研究还发现壳宽对软体部重具有最大的决定效应,提出加大壳宽选择强度以培育大型珍珠新观点。 相似文献
14.
Correlation and path analysis of morphological and weight traits in marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using correlation and path analysis, the genetic correlation between weight traits and morphological traits was determined in the marine gastropod Glossaulax reiniana. A total of 100 G. reiniana individuals from a wild population were used. Shell width （X1）, shell height （X2）, umbo-callus height （X3）, body width （X4）, operculum length （X5）, operculum width （X6）, body weight （Y1） and soft-tissue weight （Y2） were measured, and the correlation coefficient matrix calculated. Morphological traits were used as independent variables and weight traits as dependent variables for path coefficient analysis. Path coefficients, correlation indices and determination coefficients were also determined. Results indicate that the correlation coefficients associated with each morphological and weight trait were all highly significant （P〈0.01）. After deleting redundant independent variables, the following optimum multiple regression equations were obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis： Y1=-29.317＋0.362X2＋0.349X4＋ 1.190）（5 for body weight; and Y2=-17.292＋0.166X1＋0.171X2＋0.703X5, for soft-tissue weight. Operculum height had the highest positive direct correlation with both body weight and soft-tissue weight, which was in accordance with the test results obtained from determinate coefficient analysis. The indication of high genetic correlations between weight traits and morphological traits will provide valuable information for G. reiniana breeding programs. 相似文献
15.
运用差异系数检验、主成分分析、判别分析和聚类分析等4种多元统计分析方法,采用5个比例性状,比较研究了广西北海、广东湛江和汕尾的3个翡翠贻贝野生种群的形态性状差异。结果表明:(1)3个种群间5个比例性状的差异系数在0.024～1.134之间,种群间尚未达到亚种差异水平;(2)主成分分析构建了3个主成分,PC1、PC2和PC3贡献率分别为40.134%、27.956%和20.614%,累计贡献率为88.704%;(3)利用逐步判别法选择3个贡献率较大的性状进行判别分析,建立了3种群判别函数,判别准确率为P1为73.0%～88.0%,P2为74.6%～86.8%,综合判别率为79.7%;(4)聚类分析显示,北海种群与汕尾种群形态较为接近,湛江种群趋异程度最大。各种分析方法从不同角度反映了群体间的形态学差异,这种差异是环境和遗传共同作用的结果。 相似文献
16.
Otolith morphology is widely used for fish stock identification.The sulcus,a structure on the medial side of the otolith,is an important feature in morphological analysis.This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using sulcus morphology for stock identification and to compare its performance with commonly used otolith morphology analysis.Otoliths were collected and analyzed from three geographical groups(the Huanghe(Yellow)River estuary,HHE;the Jiaozhou Bay,JZB;and the Changjiang(Yangtze)River estuary,CJE)of yellow drum Nibea albiftora.The results show that the analysis of sulcus morphology based on shape indices(SIs),elliptic Fourier coefficients(EFc),and a combination of the two parameters identified stocks at overall classification rates of 51.0%,72.5%,and 73.2%,respectively.These classification rates are similar to those obtained using otolith morphology analysis(57.0%,73.8%,and76.5%by SIs,EFc,and their combination,respectively).The findings suggest that sulcus morphology is comparable to the commonly used otolith morphology for identifying stocks of sciaenids,such as the yellow drum.For both otolith and sulcus morphology,EFc could identify the stocks more efficiently than SIs,while the combination of SIs and EFc was even better. 相似文献
17.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2021,(4)
Shell color is regarded as an economic trait in many breeding programs of bivalve mollusks, but the relationship between shell color and production traits remains controversial. In our breeding program of Crassostrea gigas, solid white, black, and orange shell lines were obtained, and second-generation(F2) and testcross families with segregating shell colors were constructed by crossing these three lines. These segregating families provided ideal samples for investigating the relationship between shell color and production traits in C. gigas. The growth and survival of 7-month-old oysters with different shell colors sampled within the same families were compared in seven F2 families and 13 testcrosses. In addition, the growth and survival of oysters from the three shell color lines were compared at 4 and 16 months of age. The growth and survival rates of the orange shell line were significantly lower than those of the white and black shell lines. However, no significant difference in growth between oysters with different shell colors was observed within segregating families, except the testcrosses produced by crossing orange-and white-shelled grandparents, and no significant difference in survival was observed in any family. Overall, no significant correlation was observed between shell color and production traits in C. gigas. These results suggest that shell color cannot be used as a marker to guide the selection of growth and survival traits. Thus shell color and production traits should be selected independently in oyster breeding programs. 相似文献
18.
马氏珠母贝选系F_2早期选择反应和现实遗传力估计 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
对马氏珠母贝基础群体进行持续选择建立选系F2,比较了选系F2与对照群体早期生长差别,并估计了选择反应和现实遗传力。结果表明,在第8、14、21和35天,选系F2的平均壳长显著大于对照群体(P<0.05)。在第8、14、21和35天,选择反应和现实遗传力变化范围分别为0.63～0.89和0.36～0.51。本研究表明利用群体选择可以明显改良马氏珠母贝养殖群体的生长性状。 相似文献
19.
Heterosis and combining ability: a diallel cross of three geographically isolated populations of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We conducted a complete diallel cross among three geographically isolated populations of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino to determine the heterosis and the combining ability of growth traits at the spat stage. The three populations were collected
from Qingdao (Q) and Dalian (D) in China, and Miyagi (M) in Japan. We measured the shell length, shell width, and total weight.
The magnitude of the general combining ability (GCA) variance was more pronounced than the specific combining ability (SCA)
variance, which is evidenced by both the ratio of the genetic component in total variation and the GCA/SCA values. The component
variances of GCA and SCA were significant for all three traits (P<0.05), indicating the importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects in determining the expression of these traits.
The reciprocal maternal effects (RE) were also significant for these traits (P<0.05). Our results suggest that population D was the best general combiner in breeding programs to improve growth traits.
The DM cross had the highest heterosis values for all three traits. 相似文献
20.
Three wild populations of Meretrix meretrix sampled from Dongxing, Beihai, and Shankou along the coast of Guangxi, China, were investigated with morphometry and karyometry. Six morphological indices （shell length, shell height, shell width, hinge length, total wet weight and shell weight） were measured. Differences in all morphological indices except hinge length were significant among the three populations （P 〈 0.05）. The mean values of these indices （except for the hinge length） in the Dongxing population were larger than those in the Beihai and Shankou populations, although the latter had the largest hinge length. The karyotype of the Beihai, Shankou and Dongxing samples had ten metacentric, six submetacentric, and three subtelocentric chromosome pairs. No significant difference was shown in the centromeric index values of the chromosomes in the populations （P〉0.05）. However, the order of metacentric, submetacentric and subtelocentric chromosome pairs was variable among the three populations. The results indicate a high level of inter-population variation in morphology and karyotype. 相似文献