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福建省东山岛海域浮游动物的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据１９９０年春季至１９９１年冬季采自福建省东山岛海域的浮游动物样品,鉴定出１６７种终生营浮动物和１３类阶段性浮游幼体。浮游动物总生物量及其平面分布趋势都有较明显的季节变化,这和优势种的季节演替有关。中还对浮游动物总的个体密度和主要种类的分和了描述,同时对该水域浮游动物的分布与水温及闽南－台湾浅滩夏季近岸上升流的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
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2011 年7 月和2012年7月在象山港人工鱼礁区及其邻近海域进行了浮游动物及主要环境因子调查, 根据采集的浮
游动物样品的分析鉴定及其它环境因子测试结果,对调查海域的浮游动物群落进行研究。结果表明,象山港人工鱼礁区及其
邻近海域有浮游动物8 大类36 种,优势种为短尾类幼体（Brachyura larvae）、汤氏长足水蚤（Calanopia thompsoni）、真刺唇
角水蚤（Labidocera euchaeta）、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica） 等。运用箱线模型检验,两个航次鱼礁区浮游动物生物量
无显著差异性,与对照区相比,2012 年鱼礁区明显较高;浮游动物丰度则出现明显的差异（2011 较大）,与对照区相比,则
鱼礁区无明显差异性;多样性和均匀性变化一致,且出现显著差异（投礁后,多样性明显升高,且高于对照区）。典型相关
分析（Canonical correlation analysis, CCA）结果表明,鱼礁区浮游动物群落关键参数（丰度、种类数、Shannon-Wiener多样
性、Pielou均匀度）与环境因子（水深、DO）之间存在极显著的相关性（r=0.962 7）。 相似文献
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象山港人工鱼礁海域浮游动物群落生态变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2011 年7 月和2012年7月在象山港人工鱼礁区及其邻近海域进行了浮游动物及主要环境因子调查, 根据采集的浮
游动物样品的分析鉴定及其它环境因子测试结果,对调查海域的浮游动物群落进行研究。结果表明,象山港人工鱼礁区及其
邻近海域有浮游动物8 大类36 种,优势种为短尾类幼体（Brachyura larvae）、汤氏长足水蚤（Calanopia thompsoni）、真刺唇
角水蚤（Labidocera euchaeta）、太平洋纺锤水蚤（Acartia pacifica） 等。运用箱线模型检验,两个航次鱼礁区浮游动物生物量
无显著差异性,与对照区相比,2012 年鱼礁区明显较高;浮游动物丰度则出现明显的差异（2011 较大）,与对照区相比,则
鱼礁区无明显差异性;多样性和均匀性变化一致,且出现显著差异（投礁后,多样性明显升高,且高于对照区）。典型相关
分析（Canonical correlation analysis, CCA）结果表明,鱼礁区浮游动物群落关键参数（丰度、种类数、Shannon-Wiener多样
性、Pielou均匀度）与环境因子（水深、DO）之间存在极显著的相关性（r=0.962 7）。 相似文献
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脂肪酸标记法是浮游动物食性研究的一种重要方法.将提取的脂质区分为中性脂和极性脂,可以进一步查明不同脂质在浮游动物食性研究中的作用.本研究通过分析不同脂质的脂肪酸构成,对2013年1月中国第29次南极考察期间在罗斯海采集的5种优势种桡足类的食性进行了研究.结果显示:5种桡足类的极性脂脂肪酸具有相似的组成,无法给出桡足类食性差异信息,食性信息主要体现于中性脂脂肪酸组成的差异.通过分析中性脂脂肪酸的组成信息,将5种桡足类的食性分为三类:Cala-noides acutus和Calanus propinquus主要摄食浮游植物,Metridia gerlachei及小型桡足类Oncaea curvata为杂食性种,Paraeuchaeta antarctica为肉食性种.本文的结果说明,在应用脂肪酸作为浮游动物食性标记的研究中,应尽量区分不同脂质种类的脂肪酸信息,从而得到更为精确的浮游动物食性信息. 相似文献
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乐清湾大型底栖动物种类和数量组成特征及变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解和掌握乐清湾大型底栖动物种类和数量组成特征及变化情况,本研究于2015年1月、3月、5月、8月和10月进行5个航次的大型底栖动物调查。结果表明,乐清湾共有大型底栖动物116种,环节动物为主要优势类群;种类组成、栖息密度和生物量在不同航次之间均存在较大幅度的波动;相同航次之间的种类组成、栖息密度和生物量在空间分布也存在明显斑块化。通过对比分析历史研究数据发现乐清湾的大型底栖动物种类和数量组成变化明显,其中小个体环节动物的种类数和栖息密度明显升高,而大个体软体动物和棘皮动物的种类数和栖息密度则下降明显。这说明乐清湾底栖生境处于不稳定状态,需要在长期稳定的生境中生长的大个体动物不能得到充分的生长,取而代之的是出生率高,生长周期短的小个体r-对策者的快速繁殖。 相似文献
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长江口表层水体的生态遗传毒性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用Ames试验方法,结合浮游动物多样性数据和一些水质理化参数的分析,对长江口表层水体的生态遗传毒性进行初步研究。结果表明,长江口南支的水样有明显的遗传毒性,而河口外海滨区的部分样品在加入S9活化后也表现出一定的遗传毒性,口外海区样品没有遗传毒性。浮游动物的调查结果显示,长江口南支水样中浮游动物的密度及多样性都较低,口外海区较高。统计分析也表明,遗传毒性数据和生物多样性数据存在着一定的线形关系。这说明长江口表层水体污染物的毒性效应在分子水平和生物群落水平上有相关性。而二者与水质参数的相关分析表明,遗传毒性与多数所测水质理化因子之间没有相关性,但浮游动物多样性与部分理化参数有一定的相关性。同时,本文也从实践上证明,在河口、近岸海域的环境监测中开展遗传毒性检测具有可行性和必要性。 相似文献
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东山湾浮游动物的生态 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本文根据1988年5月至1989年2月于东山湾采集的浮游动物样品及水文、化学实测资料,共鉴定本海域浮游动物109种,分析结果,可分为河口、近岸及外海等3个生态类群。本海域浮游动物的总生物量系秋季最高,春季最低;总个体密度夏季最高,冬季最低;少数种类具明显的昼夜垂直移动;潮汐对浮游动物的影响主要为种类数的增减,其种类的季节演替、数量变动及分布规律与本区各种水系的运动状况密切相关。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献