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1.
Introduction Earthquake is a kind of severe natural disaster. In order to predict earthquake effectively, thegeoscientists at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of studies on seismicity. For exam-ple,Willis, (1924) and Tocher (1959) made some early investigations on seismicity before largeearthquake. Chinese geoscientists performed even more studies in this field (CHEN, et al, 1981;HUANG, FENG, 1981; LIU, 1982; LU, 1985; LU, et al, 2001; MA, et al, 1982; MEI, 1960; … 相似文献
2.
In the paper, for the application of stochastic simulation of ground motion, we put forward a method to determine “the combined
effect of amplification and attenuation” (combined effect for short) of soft rock site by using digital seismic data of moderate
and small earthquakes. Our approach aims at solving the problem of the combined effect of soft rock site, which is difficult
to determine in most regions of China because fewer measures were done for S-wave velocity structure. The combined effect
of soft rock site can be determined by using the approach recommended by us. An example is given to discuss the practical
application of the method.
Foundation item: The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project under Grant No.2002CB412706 and National Natural Science Foundation
of China (50468003).
Contribution No.04FE1021, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
3.
Yu Huaizhong Yin Xiangchu Liang Naigang Xia Mengfen Li Min Xu Zhaoyong Peng Keyin Victor Kukshenko Wu Zhishen Qi Li Surguei Elizarov 《中国地震研究》2003,17(3):227-235
Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory. 相似文献
4.
加卸载响应比(LURR)理论的实验研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用大尺度岩石试件破坏声发射实验，对加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)理论进行了实验研究。实验采用的加载条件力求能够模拟地下岩石的复杂受力过程。在加载过程中，岩石试件内部出现的损伤用声发射技术进行了记录。实验数据经过分析之后所得的结论与加卸载响应比理论预测的结果相符合。把加卸载响应比值Y的变化情况与声发射事件定位的过程相对比，也可以进一步看出岩石材料内部的损伤发展过程与加卸载响应比Y值的变化具有一致性。而高Y值的异常情况出现，又是在材料发生最终破坏之前，所以，可以用加卸载响应比理论定量地分析岩石试件损伤演化情况，从而对岩石材料的破坏及地震做出预测。实验结果再一次验证了加卸载响应比理论。 相似文献
5.
本文利用两个频率通道同时接收花岗岩标本及石灰岩标本在不同单轴加压方式下的声发射信号,研究了从加压到破坏的整个形变过程中,不同频道接收到的声发射率的变化特征.发现在各种加压方式下,花岗岩和石灰岩在破坏前,由不同频率通道接收到的声发射率均急剧增长;而在破坏的瞬间,高频通道接收的声发射率增长快于较低频率通道的声发射率.这两点可用来预测岩石的破坏.声发射率随轴向应力的变化与加压方式有关.匀速加压,加压过程中保持一段时间恒压或降压均对应一定的声发射率状态.有可能通过追踪声发射情况,推测应力变化趋势. 相似文献
6.
EXPERIMENT STUDY ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION,MICROSEISM AND CHARGE INDUCTION DURING FRACTURE PROCESS OF GRANITE WITH FAULT ZONE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rock samples will produce abnormal signals of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals under external loading, the waveform comprehensive monitoring devices are used to synchronously monitor acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals during the deformation and failure process of granite with fault zone under uniaxial compression. The results show that, the granite with fault zone has obvious synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction in the elastic deformation stage, and has high amplitude synchronous precursory signals in the instability destruction stage. The influence of fault zone on granite samples strength is remarkable, and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples with the fault zone is greatly reduced. With the angle of the fault zone decreasing, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens is reduced, the samples are more liable to instability and the energy of instability destruction is greater. With the fault zone angle of granite samples decreasing, the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signals increase in the deformation and failure process of samples. The samples stress decreases when the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals appear synchronously. The duration of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals is increasing in the instability destruction stage. When the angle of the fault zone reaches 30°, the mutability of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signal increases, the time to enter the dangerous stage is much earlier, and the acoustic emission events of large magnitude increase significantly, and the large angle faults of coal mine are more dangerous. The intensive and high amplitude synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced before the instability destruction, and the signals duration is shorter. The intensive and strongest synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced in the instability destruction, and the signals duration is longer. Acoustic emission monitoring data can better reflect the micro rupture of rock. And combined with the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals, the precursory information of rock instability destruction can be obtained more accurately. 相似文献
7.
Acoustic Emission Experiments of Rock Failure Under Load Simulating the Hypocenter Condition 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hui-hui Zhang Xiang-chu Yin Nai-gang Liang Huai-zhong Yu Shi-yu Li Y. C. Wang C. Yin Victor Kukshenko Nikita Tomiline Surguei Elizarov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(11-12):2389-2406
A series of acoustic emission (AE) experiments of rock failure have been conducted under cyclic load in tri-axial stress tests. To simulate the hypocenter condition the specimens are loaded by the combined action of a constant stress, intended to simulate the tectonic loading, and a small sinusoidal disturbance stress, analogous to the Earth tide induced by the Sun and the Moon. Each acoustic emission signal can indicate the occurrence time, location and relative magnitude of the damage (micro-crack) in the specimen. The experimental results verified some precursors such as LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) and AER (Accelerating Energy Release) before macro-fracture of the samples. A new parameter, the correlation between the AE and the load, has been proposed to describe the loading history. On the eve of some strong earthquakes the correlation between the Benioff strain and the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) decreases, similar to the variation of LURR prior to strong earthquakes. 相似文献
8.
The spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M
S=5.9 earthquake is summarized through field investigation. The moment tensor solution and focal mechanism are inverted using
the digital long-period waveform records of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). The relation between the spatial damage
distribution and focal mechanism is analyzed according to the focal mechanism, the aftershock distribution and the spatial
damage distribution. The possible relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the tectonic background of the
source region is discussed in terms of the global ground motion records, historical earthquake documents and the damage distribution.
Investigation reveals that the meizoseismal region is in east-west direction, which is consistent with the nodal plane of
focal mechanism inversion. The meizoseismal area is relatively large and the damage of single-story adobe houses or masonry
houses is more severe. This may have relations with local seismotectonic environment.
Foundation item: The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2002CB412706).
Contribution No. 05FE3009, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
9.
基于岩石变形声发射实验结果讨论了大震前地震活动平静现象的机制。在双轴压缩、等位移速率加载条件下 ,挤压型雁列断层、含宏观凹凸体断层、Ⅲ型剪切断层等非连续断层在临近滑动失稳前 ,声发射活动均出现了明显的相对平静现象 ,表现为声发射事件的发生率和应变能释放水平显著降低。与此阶段相对应 ,断层带 (特别是非连续部位上新形成的一小段断层 )发生了蠕滑和匀阻化作用 ,并使得标本的差应力开始下降。根据实验结果提出 ,大地震前断层的“蠕滑 -匀阻化”过程是造成地震活动平静现象的可能机制 相似文献
10.
IntroductionFocal depths of shallow strong intraplate earthquakes are mostly distributed in the highstrength range of lithosphere controlled by the rheology property of granite and diorite (Brace,Kohlstedt, 1980; Sibson, 1982; Meissner, Strehlau, 1982; CHEN, Molnap 1983). This is obviouslyrelated to the change of rock deformation characteriStics at different crust depths. So, for earthquake stUdy, both of the rock failure types (fractUre or rock flow) and its mechanical instabilityforms (… 相似文献
11.
Considering the heterogeneity of geomechanical materials, seismicity during brittle rock failure under compressive loading
on the sample with an original weak zone is simulated by using rock failure process analysis code (RFPA2d
). The run-through process of weak zone, the forming of new fault and associated micro-seismicities are studied. The modeling
demonstrates the total process of source development of earthquake from deformation, micro-failure to collapse and the behavior
of temporal-spatial distribution of micro-seismicities. The stress, strain and the temporal-spatial distribution of micro-seismicities
life-likely portrayed the phenomena of localization and temporal-spatial transitions, which is similar to those observed in
our real crust. Also, the results obtained in simulations are in agreement with or similar to the reported experimental observations.
Foundation item: The Development Program on National Key Basic Researches under the Project "Mechanism and Prediction of Continental Strong
Earthquakes" (G19980407) and State Natural Science Foundation (49974009). 相似文献
12.
On the structure of acoustic emission of model samples in response to an external energy action 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. A. Avagimov V. A. Zeigarnik V. N. Klyuchkin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(10):824-829
Experiments with a press are carried out in the regime of discrete changes in the axial load level. It is established that the energy spent on the generation of a unit acoustic pulse e1 increases by three orders of magnitude as the load increases to the sample failure value. The temporal variation patterns of the acoustic emission due to an electric action and discrete loading are shown to be identical. The structure of the initiated acoustic response is found to be very sensitive to changes in parameters of the energy applied. The measured coefficient of acoustoelectric coupling is K me = 2.85 × 10?2. An algorithm is proposed for the specification of an energy saturation level in model samples that is close to the in situ level. The results of this work create prerequisites for studying seismic-acoustoelectric couplings and developing schemes for controlling such processes, in particular, changes in the regime of seismicity and the release of elastic energy accumulated in the medium. 相似文献
13.
The influence of thermal and cyclic stressing on the strength of rocks from Mount St. Helens, Washington 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jackie Evan Kendrick Rosanna Smith Peter Sammonds Philip G. Meredith Matthew Dainty John S. Pallister 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2013,75(7):1-12
Stratovolcanoes and lava domes are particularly susceptible to sector collapse resulting from wholesale rock failure as a consequence of decreasing rock strength. Here, we provide insights into the influence of thermal and cyclic stressing on the strength and mechanical properties of volcanic rocks. Specifically, this laboratory study examines the properties of samples from Mount St. Helens; chosen because its strength and stability have played a key role in its history, influencing the character of the infamous 1980 eruption. We find that thermal stressing exerts different effects on the strengths of different volcanic units; increasing the heterogeneity of rocks in situ. Increasing the uniaxial compressive stress generates cracking, the timing and magnitude of which was monitored via acoustic emission (AE) output during our experiments. AEs accelerated in the approach to failure, sometimes following the pattern predicted by the failure forecast method (Kilburn 2003). Crack damage during the experiments was tracked using the evolving static Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio, which represent the quasi-static deformation in volcanic edifices more accurately than dynamic elastic moduli which are usually implemented in volcanic models. Cyclic loading of these rocks resulted in a lower failure strength, confirming that volcanic rocks may be weakened by repeated inflation and deflation of the volcanic edifice. Additionally, volcanic rocks in this study undergo significant elastic hysteresis; in some instances, a material may fail at a stress lower than the peak stress which has previously been endured. Thus, a volcanic dome repeatedly inflated and deflated may progressively weaken, possibly inducing failure without necessarily exceeding earlier conditions. 相似文献
14.
研究岩石样品变形过程中的声发射主要包括两个方面的内容:一是研究声发射事件的时空分布;二是研究声发射信号的振幅-频度分布。由于声发射活动性的研究与地震活动性的研究是十分相近的,所以实验室中对岩石样品声发射的研究有可能增进对地震活动性的认识。 本文总结了最近在声发射研究方面的一些结果,讨论了应力水平、加载时间和加载历史对岩石样品声发射活动性的影响,即讨论了在单调加载、静态疲劳加载和重复加载三种情况下的声发射特征。本文强调指出,即使是实验室内,利用声发射活动进行岩石样品的破坏预报方面仍然存在着一些困难。最后提出了解决这些困难的建议。 相似文献
15.
Wang Yucang Yin Xiangchu and Wang HaitaoLaboratory for Non-linear Mechanics of Continuous Media 《中国地震研究》1998,(4)
The load/unload experiments on rock failure under pressure have been carried out in Material Test System (MTS) in the Laboratory for Non-linear Mechanics of Continuous Media (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and load/unload response ratio (LURR) values with strain as response (i.e. inverse elastic constant as response rate) have been obtained. The experimental results are in accordance with theoretical results and those in real earthquakes: LURR rises just before rock failure. So LURR can be used as the precursor of rock failure and earthquake prediction. 相似文献
16.
Evolution of cumulative Coulomb failure stress in northeastern Qinghai-Xizang （Tibetan） Plateau and its effect on large earthquake occurrence 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We simulate accumulative Coulomb failure stress change in a layered Maxwell viscoelastic media in the north-eastern Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau since 1920.Lithospheric stress/strain evolution is assumed to be drivenby dislocations of large earthquakes(M≥7.0)and secular tectonic loading.The earthquake rupture parameters suchas the fault rupture length,width,and slip are either adopted from field investigations or estimated from their sta-tistic relationships with the earthquake magnitudes and seismic moments.Our study shows that among 20 largeearthquakes(M≥7.0)investigated,17 occurred in areas where the Coulomb failure stress change is positive,with atriggering rate of 85%.This study provides essential data for the intermediate to long-term likelihood estimation oflarge earthquakes in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
17.
Long-term seismic activity prior to the December 26, 2004, off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, M
W=9.0 earthquake was investigated using the Harvard CMT catalogue. It is observed that before this great earthquake, there
exists an accelerating moment release (AMR) process with the temporal scale of a quarter century and the spatial scale of
1 500 km. Within this spatial range, the M
W=9.0 event falls into the piece-wise power-law-like frequency-magnitude distribution. Therefore, in the perspective of the
critical-point-like model of earthquake preparation, the failure to forecast/predict the approaching and/or the size of this
earthquake is not due to the physically intrinsic unpredictability of earthquakes.
Foundation item: Ministry of Science and Technology Project (2004CB418406).
Contribution No. 05FE3010, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
18.
本以两承压岩体相互作用系统作为“弹性回跳”地震模型，用损伤力学的方法研究了系统失稳即地震前位移速率、声发射等前兆规律与岩石破裂过程的关系，用差分法在计算机上求得了地震发生过程中的变形与地声序列曲线，研究发现在某些情况下出现地声相对平静是由于两岩体介质中某一介质体破裂而另一个介质体弹性恢复所致。 相似文献
19.
缺陷的演化繁衍与Kaiser效应函数 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
本文运用岩石的损伤理论,通过对岩石材料微元强度的统计分布假设,得到声发射积累N随应变ε的变化规律,并对于循环加载情形,给出了Kaiser效应函数的通式。文中还证明,声发射积累N的变化与损伤参量D具有一致性,得到了用声发射积累N描述的岩石本构关系。理论结果与实验资料吻合很好。 相似文献
20.
采用实验手段研究岩石的动、静弹性参数的变化规律及动、静态参数间的相互关系时存在着测试成本高,工作量大,普适性差且可靠性较低等问题.对岩样在单轴压缩加载条件下的破坏过程,采用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA系统进行数值模拟,获取岩样的应力—应变曲线可计算得到静态弹性参数.从弹性波动理论出发,采用交错网格有限差分方法,对超声波透射实验进行数值模拟,获取纵、横波速度可计算得到动态弹性参数.对50块不同的气饱和孔洞型岩样同步计算其动、静态弹性参数,并分析动、静态弹性参数随孔隙度的变化规律及动、静态弹性参数间的关系.结果表明:动弹性模量大于静弹性模量,且二者之间的线性关系良好,而动、静泊松比之间不存在明显的相关关系.该项研究为动、静弹性参数关系研究提供了新的方法,研究结果对于指导储层预测、油气检测以及地震资料综合解释都有重要的意义. 相似文献