共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
岩石声发射的损伤模式及其在地震研究中的初步应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文运用损伤理论和微元强度统计理论导出了声发射参数与损伤参量及应变的关系模型。依据这一模型,分析了单轴压缩时岩石破坏阶段声发射特性与压机刚度的关系。在此基础上,探讨了声发射活动规律与孕震过程及地震活动的内在本质联系。 相似文献
2.
3.
影响岩石声发射的几个因素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以岩石的损伤本构关系为基础，分析声发射与岩石－试验机共同作用系统稳定性的关系，重点从微观上讨论了试验机刚度和岩石均质变的影响，并从岩石破裂失稳角度分析了围压降低所引起的声发射活动性强现象，最后考虑载荷历史的影响，得到了和主震－余震相对应的声发射模式。 相似文献
4.
加卸载响应比(LURR)理论的实验研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用大尺度岩石试件破坏声发射实验，对加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)理论进行了实验研究。实验采用的加载条件力求能够模拟地下岩石的复杂受力过程。在加载过程中，岩石试件内部出现的损伤用声发射技术进行了记录。实验数据经过分析之后所得的结论与加卸载响应比理论预测的结果相符合。把加卸载响应比值Y的变化情况与声发射事件定位的过程相对比，也可以进一步看出岩石材料内部的损伤发展过程与加卸载响应比Y值的变化具有一致性。而高Y值的异常情况出现，又是在材料发生最终破坏之前，所以，可以用加卸载响应比理论定量地分析岩石试件损伤演化情况，从而对岩石材料的破坏及地震做出预测。实验结果再一次验证了加卸载响应比理论。 相似文献
5.
在岩石变形声发射研究中,为了更好地探究声发射的物理特征,需要不断发展声发射数据的采集和处理技术。地震动力学国家重点实验室的声发射观测系统的记录能力在成倍提升,实验中产生的数据量也大幅增加,这对声发射数据存储、处理和系统地开展岩石变形声发射实验提出了挑战。针对用户的不同需求,文中构建的基于网络的实验室声发射实验数据服务系统不仅实现了数据积累,还实现了数据处理方法的积累和共享。加之与设备无关的声发射数据访问接口的实现,降低了数据访问与处理的门槛,提高了数据的使用率和处理效率。该系统能够满足科研和程序开发用户的需要,能够减少现有工作模式中存在的弊端,可以将其解决方案推广,应用于其它实验数据,提高科研工作效率 相似文献
6.
7.
1 研究背景
声发射是指岩石在受力过程中发生变形和破裂,其应变能释放所监测到的一种物理现象,而b值是表征地震震级—频度关系的参数,研究人员发现,b值具有非线性特征,且与岩石破裂过程密切相关.因此,利用岩石试件变形破坏过程中产生的声发射事件模拟地震,进而研究不同加载条件下岩石变形破坏过程中的声发射b值变化特征,可用于监测岩石受力破坏过程中内部预存微裂隙的活动状态,有助于揭示岩石损伤机理及岩石的破坏程度,也可作为岩石失稳预警参数,捕捉地震发生的前兆信息. 相似文献
8.
《地震地质》2020,(3)
文中采用尺寸为50mm×50mm×150mm的花岗闪长岩、大理岩以及砂岩3种不同的岩石样品,开展了超声尾波和声发射同步观测研究。结果显示:1)尾波变化与声发射演化过程存在良好的对应关系,声发射频度增加时尾波的变化随之改变,尤其是声发射频度增加的早期阶段尾波便出现变化。这预示了分析尾波可获得岩石早期的损伤信息。2)不同变形阶段,尾波变化的物理机制不同。加载初期,尾波变化存在明显的散射体改变特征;随后,在线弹性变形阶段则以波速变化为主;加载后期,散射体的改变增加,且与波速变化共存,散射体的改变效应与岩石微破裂的程度有关。3)随着载荷的增加,波速增加的幅度总体呈逐渐减小的趋势,这与通过直达波获得的认识基本一致。4)岩石变形过程中产生的微破裂会改变尾波变化的物理机制,散射体效应将显著增强。同时,声发射波形将对超声尾波造成干扰,因此在仅利用尾波资料分析岩石损伤时需要关注相关的问题。总之,超声尾波变化和声发射均可反映岩石内部的损伤情况,且不同的变形阶段尾波的变化机制不同,二者的联合观测可起到相互验证的作用,有利于提高观测结果的可靠性。 相似文献
9.
研究岩石样品变形过程中的声发射主要包括两个方面的内容:一是研究声发射事件的时空分布;二是研究声发射信号的振幅-频度分布。由于声发射活动性的研究与地震活动性的研究是十分相近的,所以实验室中对岩石样品声发射的研究有可能增进对地震活动性的认识。 本文总结了最近在声发射研究方面的一些结果,讨论了应力水平、加载时间和加载历史对岩石样品声发射活动性的影响,即讨论了在单调加载、静态疲劳加载和重复加载三种情况下的声发射特征。本文强调指出,即使是实验室内,利用声发射活动进行岩石样品的破坏预报方面仍然存在着一些困难。最后提出了解决这些困难的建议。 相似文献
10.
声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
随着地震预报研究的开展,岩石力学与地震预报的联系越来越紧密。声发射技术是岩石力学研究中十分重要的工具之一。本文对声发射技术作了简单的介绍,评述了它在岩石力学研究中的应用,介绍了用声发射技术研究地震序列和破裂机制的一些结果。 相似文献
11.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF ULTRASONIC CODA WAVE AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING ROCK LOADING AND DEFORMATION 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 YANG Hai-ming CHEN Shun-yun LIU Pei-xun GUO Yan-shuang ZHUO Yan-qun QI Wen-bo 《地震地质》1979,42(3):715-731
The coda wave propagation path has received extensive attention as it is more sensitive to small changes in the medium than the direct wave. During the process of loading, the wave velocity, medium or source changes may cause the coda wave to change. The physical mechanism of change in the ultrasonic coda wave varies during different deformation stages. Meanwhile, there exist local damages in the rock sample during the deformation, and it will be accompanied by acoustic emission. Combining the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission is beneficial to characterize the coda wave characteristics and damage degree of the sample at different deformation stages. In this paper, three kinds of rocks, including granodiorite, marble and sandstone with the sizes of 50mm×50mm×150mm, are used to carry out observations of ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission during the whole process of loading so as to study characteristics of the coda wave at different deformation stages. The major results are given below: 1)There is a good correspondence between the coda wave variation and the acoustic emission evolution process. When the acoustic emission frequency increases, the coda wave changes accordingly. In particular, the coda wave changes in the early stages of increased acoustic emission frequency, which indicates that the early damage information of rock can be obtained by analysis of the coda wave. 2)The physical mechanism of the coda wave change is different in different deformation stages. At the initial stage of loading, there are obvious scatterer changes in the coda wave change; then, in the linear elastic deformation stage, the wave velocity change is dominating; in the late-stage of loading, the scatterer change increases and coexists with the wave velocity change, the scatterer change effect is related with the rock micro-fracture degree, the rock will locally be damaged before rupturing, and the role of the scatterer will be enhanced. 3)With the increase of loading, the amplitude of increase of the wave velocity generally decreases gradually, which is basically consistent with the understanding obtained through the direct wave. The interference of acoustic emission can be eliminated because of the Kaiser effect when analyzing the coda wave. The consistency of the wave velocity change and stress loading and unloading is further verified. 4)The micro-fracture generated during rock deformation will change the physical mechanism of the coda wave change, and the scatterer effect will be significantly enhanced. At the same time, the acoustic emission waveform will cause interference to the ultrasonic coda wave. This means that attention needs to be paid when analyzing rock damage using only coda wave data. In short, the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission can reflect the damage inside the rock, and the change mechanism of the coda wave in different deformation stages is different. The joint observation of the two can play a mutual verification role, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the observation results. 相似文献
12.
岩石在破裂孕育过程中声发射变化特征的物理机制研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据声发射原理，并假设岩石中颗粒断裂的总几率符合Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ型极值函数，由此导出声发射总数Ｎ与应变能Ｗ，材料断裂构造形状参数ｍ，试样几何尺寸Ｂ及颗粒总数Ｌ的关系。对同一材料的同一试件而言，ｍ对Ｎ的变化形态有显著影响，而应变能的大小则对Ｎ的大小有显著影响，并同时导出声发射率与上述变量及能率的关系。同样，的变化形态受ｍ的制约，的大小则与应变能的大小及能率大小有关。进一步推导还表明，在岩石主破裂前，前兆时间ｔ和的变化不仅与极值应力前后的应变硬化及应变软化程度有关，且与环境刚度（压机刚度）及岩石自身的力学性质有关。摸拟了几条理论曲线，它与实验结果非常一致。 相似文献
13.
本文利用两个频率通道同时接收花岗岩标本及石灰岩标本在不同单轴加压方式下的声发射信号,研究了从加压到破坏的整个形变过程中,不同频道接收到的声发射率的变化特征.发现在各种加压方式下,花岗岩和石灰岩在破坏前,由不同频率通道接收到的声发射率均急剧增长;而在破坏的瞬间,高频通道接收的声发射率增长快于较低频率通道的声发射率.这两点可用来预测岩石的破坏.声发射率随轴向应力的变化与加压方式有关.匀速加压,加压过程中保持一段时间恒压或降压均对应一定的声发射率状态.有可能通过追踪声发射情况,推测应力变化趋势. 相似文献
14.
Yu Huaizhong Yin Xiangchu Liang Naigang Xia Mengfen Li Min Xu Zhaoyong Peng Keyin Victor Kukshenko Wu Zhishen Qi Li Surguei Elizarov 《中国地震研究》2003,17(3):227-235
Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory. 相似文献
15.
EXPERIMENT STUDY ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION,MICROSEISM AND CHARGE INDUCTION DURING FRACTURE PROCESS OF GRANITE WITH FAULT ZONE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 As the rock samples will produce abnormal signals of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals under external loading, the waveform comprehensive monitoring devices are used to synchronously monitor acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals during the deformation and failure process of granite with fault zone under uniaxial compression. The results show that, the granite with fault zone has obvious synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction in the elastic deformation stage, and has high amplitude synchronous precursory signals in the instability destruction stage. The influence of fault zone on granite samples strength is remarkable, and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples with the fault zone is greatly reduced. With the angle of the fault zone decreasing, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens is reduced, the samples are more liable to instability and the energy of instability destruction is greater. With the fault zone angle of granite samples decreasing, the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signals increase in the deformation and failure process of samples. The samples stress decreases when the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals appear synchronously. The duration of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals is increasing in the instability destruction stage. When the angle of the fault zone reaches 30°, the mutability of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signal increases, the time to enter the dangerous stage is much earlier, and the acoustic emission events of large magnitude increase significantly, and the large angle faults of coal mine are more dangerous. The intensive and high amplitude synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced before the instability destruction, and the signals duration is shorter. The intensive and strongest synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced in the instability destruction, and the signals duration is longer. Acoustic emission monitoring data can better reflect the micro rupture of rock. And combined with the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals, the precursory information of rock instability destruction can be obtained more accurately. 相似文献
16.
断层地震孕震的椭圆形区域及其前兆规律 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
首先运用岩石介质的损伤本构关系式和断层地震的简单力学模型，讨论了断层和围岩介质系统的相互作用及其失稳过程，通过差分计算，得到了与地震变形和声发射等有关的前兆序列曲线，然后根据实际断层带滑移与错动的分布规律，通过计算机模拟出断层地震的椭圆形孕震区并此解释了Ｐ波初动分布规律。 相似文献
17.
18.
岩石试件刚度及压力机刚度对岩石主破裂前声发射相对平静的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文通过对岩石试件的真三轴压缩实验，分析了岩石试件卸载刚度ＫＦ与压力机系统刚度比值对岩石破裂型式及破裂前声发射相对平静的影响，结果表明：当ＫＦ／ＫＳ＞１时，岩石试件产生突发断裂；当ＫＦ／ＫＳ＜１时，岩石试件产生缓裂，并且ＫＦ／ＫＳ的值越小，相对平静时间赵长；ＫＦ／ＫＳ的值越大，相对平静时间越短，而当ＫＦ／ＫＳ＞３时，声发射相对平静时间为零。 相似文献
19.
本文根据近十年来我国地声观测的某些结果, 分析了地声的时-空分布特点, 并估计了透入基岩面上和水面中的声压.同时与震前动物异常特点, 以及与人和某些动物的听觉和振动感受器的敏感阈值进行了比较.最后, 对唐山余震期间同时段内鱼和地声活动的观察结果, 进行了相关分析.其结果如下:1.地声和动物异常的时-空分布图式基本相似, 并可认为都是临震前兆.2.三级左右地震震中附近地区, 地声透入基岩面上和水面中的声压, 在150——250赫芝频段内, 分别为23——19分贝和90——86分贝.由此可见, 人耳是不可能感觉到的, 但是通常在地面上栖息的猫、狗、雉和穴居的鼠是可能觉察到的, 而骨鳔鱼类可能优先于这些陆生动物觉察到水中的地声信息.同时, 基岩面位移的垂直振幅约为10-7厘米.这虽比某些动物的振动感受器的阈振幅约低3个数量级.但可推测, 在强烈地震前的地面位移的垂直振幅可达到或超过微米量级.这就可能为这些动物的振动感受器觉察到.3.相距约20公里的鱼和地声活动观察点, 同期内的观察结果表明, 它们共同反映了同一地区内的唐山余震活动.同时, 鱼和地声活动的日频度序列之间具有一定的互相关性. 相似文献