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为了从整体上认识西沙海槽盆地的油气勘探前景,笔者对该盆地进行了含油气系统分析,认为西沙海槽盆地发育新生界含油气系统,主要烃源岩为始新统湖相泥岩、渐新统海相泥岩;储层为始新统湖相、三角洲、河道砂岩以及渐新统滨浅海相、海相三角洲、深水扇等砂岩;始新统湖相泥岩、渐新统滨浅海相泥岩以及中新世之后的半深海-深海相泥岩构成了三大套区域盖层。西沙海槽盆地新生界含油气系统形成的关键时刻为中中新世,各种油气成藏地质事件具有良好的匹配关系;该油气系统可分为4个油气运聚单元,中央坳陷以及紧邻中央坳陷的北部断阶带、南部坳陷西部局部区域是该盆地进一步勘探的首选区域。本研究成果对认识西沙海槽盆地的油气分布具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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尖峰北盆地位于南海北部大陆边缘南部,是一个新生代沉积盆地。盆地发育了A、B、C、D、E5套地震层序;盆地内地质构造复杂,断裂发育,平面上断裂展布方向主要有NE向、近EW向和NW向三组,断裂可分为正断层及平移断层,以正断层为主。古新世—始新世为盆地形成时期即断陷阶段,盆地内部充填了大量河湖相沉积。渐新世—中中新世为盆地发展期即坳陷阶段,盆地沉积类型由陆相逐步过渡到海陆过渡相和海相。中中新世末期,盆地相对隆升,部分地区遭受剥蚀。晚中新世—全新世为区域沉降阶段,盆地及其围区以稳定的浅海-半深海相沉积为主。盆地早期河湖相、三角洲相沉积分布范围较广,最大沉积厚度超过4500m,具有一定的生烃能力;盆地储盖条件良好,油气运移条件良好;尖峰北盆地具备较好的油气潜力。 相似文献
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西沙周缘新生代构造演化与盆地充填响应特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用南海西沙周缘地震资料,进行了地震相研究,并结合邻区地质资料,进行了南海西沙周缘新生代沉积相分析,讨论了盆地的充填演化历史。研究认为,南海西沙周缘盆地充填断陷期以陆相和海陆过渡相沉积为主;坳陷期以海陆过渡相和海相沉积为主,自下而上充填了一套冲积相-湖相(始新统)-海陆交替相(渐新统)-滨浅海台地相(中-下中新统)-浅海、半深海相(上新统-第四系)沉积序列,盆地的充填历史反映了南海西沙周缘沉积环境由陆相向海相逐渐过渡的过程。通过对油气地质条件分析,认为始新世-渐新世早期是重要的烃源岩发育期;渐新世晚期-中新世中期是储层发育期;中新世晚期后是区域该层发育时期。 相似文献
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以台湾海峡盆地西部为研究对象,在地震资料构造解释的基础上,选取能控制区域构造格局的2条典型剖面,运用2D Move软件分别对其进行平衡剖面恢复,并计算出各剖面不同时期的伸展量、伸展率和伸展系数,初步计算各凹陷在不同时期的基底构造沉降量,以此为基础对台湾海峡盆地西部的构造演化过程及其区域性差异进行了定量研究。研究结果显示:(1)研究区的伸展强度和基底构造沉降量在始新世和中新世之间均急剧减小,反映渐新世是一个构造转换时期;(2)研究区在新生代表现为古新世至早始新世持续断陷作用—中始新世差异升降—始新世末至渐新世隆升剥蚀—中新世之后稳定缓慢坳陷沉积;(3)台湾海峡盆地在新生代大致经历了古新世-始新世断陷演化阶段、中新世坳陷演化阶段和上新世—第四纪前陆盆地演化阶段。 相似文献
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张裂和区域沉降是越南南部近海九龙和南昆山盆地的特色。初期的张裂开始于始新世-早渐新世。紧接着是晚渐新世地壳块体的上升和旋转。上升块体的侵蚀标志着九龙盆地从张裂到区域沉降的转变。第二阶段的张裂开始发生于南昆山盆地。并持续至晚中新世。南昆山盆地部分地区经历了中-晚中新世的倒转。九龙盆地中同生张裂和裂后单元分别由非海相沉和海陆交互相到浅海沉积组成。南昆山盆地中的同生张裂沉积分成早期同生断裂单元-相应于初期张裂阶段。和晚期同生张裂单元。在张裂的第二阶段沉积。早期同生和晚期同生张裂单元由非海相沉积和非海相到浅海沉积组成。后张裂单元由陆架、深海沉积组成。正式出版的报告资料显示九龙盆地以生油为主．油主要储集在破碎基岩高处。丽南昆山盆地通常含气，其气圈闭在中新世砂岩和晚中新世碳酸岩中。这些明显的特征可能随着南昆山盆地长期的张裂和倒转所造成的圈闭形成及圈闭整体破裂而出现差异。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地新生代沉降特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用回剥技术对琼东南盆地进行了沉降史计算和分析,主要包括北部坳陷带的崖北凹陷、崖南凹陷,中央坳陷带的乐东凹陷,和南部坳陷带的华光凹陷.按照地震测线的分布和凹陷特征,我们共选取了30口模拟井进行一维沉降史计算,并展示了具有代表性的8口井,分析他们在小同时期的构造沉降速率与总沉降速率.分析结果表明,新生代以来,琼东南盆地主要经历厂三个主要的沉降幕:(1)始新世至渐新世,盆地处于裂陷期,构造沉降速率较大,平均为81m·Ma-1,沉降中心位于中央坳陷带.(2)早中新至中中新世,盆地由裂陷期向坳陷期转化,平均构造沉降速率减小至68m·Ma-1;(3)晚中新世以后,瓮地进入新一期的沉降阶段,平均构造沉降速率增加至84m·Ma-1;上新世以后,中央坳陷带发生快速沉降,达到了110m·Ma1. 相似文献
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南海是中国海洋地质调查、油气和天然气水合物勘探的重点区域,随着南海浅水区勘探程度不断提高,南海北部深水区逐渐成为研究热点。然而,南海北部深水区双峰盆地研究程度仍然较低,以该区2D多道地震及围区钻井资料为基础,使用地球物理地震勘探理论和类比分析的方法研究了盆地地层沉积结构样式和油气勘探前景。在双峰盆地追踪了7个主要反射面,以不整合面为界划分了3套地震层序。研究认为盆地新生界地层厚度较大,中—晚中新世后,盆地进入半深海-深海相沉积环境,发育了以下切水道、深水扇及滑塌体为代表的深水沉积。盆地西部和北部坳陷渐新统湖相-海湾相泥岩,现今已达到成熟-早成熟阶段,具有一定的生烃能力。周缘发育冲积扇和扇三角洲沉积,盆内发育斜坡扇和盆底扇,可为良好储层。早中新世以来发育的半深海相泥岩,可为良好的区域盖层,具有较好的生储盖组合,预测该区具有良好的油气勘探前景。 相似文献
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琼东南盆地古近纪沉积充填演化及其区域构造意义 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
琼东南盆地是发育于南海西北部的新生代张性断陷盆地。始新统和早渐新统崖城组属过充填型或平衡充填类型，在盆地各个断陷内均具有砂岩-泥岩-砂岩三重沉积充填结构；晚渐新统陵水组在北部坳陷带属过充填及平衡充填类型，发育砂岩-泥岩-砂岩三重沉积充填结构，而在中央坳陷带则属由砂岩-泥岩二重沉积充填结构组成的欠充填型。古近纪盆地的沉积充填结构演化反映了始新世-早渐新世断陷阶段与晚渐新世断拗阶段的盆地演化历史，其中，晚渐新世盆地断拗阶段的发育是南海海底单期扩张过程的结果。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献