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1.
采用静水法,对凸加夫蛤(Gafrarium tumidum)进行Hg2+、Cd2+的单一和联合急性毒性实验。在单一毒性实验中,直线回归分析法计算结果,Hg2+和Cd2+对凸加夫蛤96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.945mg.L-1和13.367mg.L-1,安全浓度(SC)分别为0.0095mg·L-1和0.1337mg·L-1,Hg2+的毒性大于Cd2+;联合毒性实验表明,Hg2+和Cd2+对凸加夫蛤的联合毒性效应为相加作用;凸加夫蛤对Hg2+和Cd2+均具有较强的耐受性,容易造成重金属富集。 相似文献
2.
《广东海洋大学学报》2017,(4)
通过胁迫试验研究Hg-Cd复合胁迫对卵叶喜盐草光合色素含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,Hg-Cd复合毒性对卵叶喜盐草叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝含量显著影响(P0.05),当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别大于0.005和0.100 mg·L~(-1)时,叶绿素a、b比值,叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量下降,光合作用受抑制;Hg-Cd复合胁迫对卵叶喜盐草的MDA含量影响有统计学意义(P0.05),当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别为0.005和0.100 mg·L~(-1)时,MDA含量上升41.5%;Hg、Cd复合胁迫对卵叶喜盐草的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性影响有统计学意义(P0.05),SOD活性随浓度梯度逐渐下降,在Hg、Cd质量浓度分别大于0.010和0.200 mg·L~(-1)时,SOD活性降低,POD和CAT活性随胁迫浓度梯度呈先增后减趋势,其中当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别为0.010和0.20 mg·L~(-1)时,而POD和CAT活性均上升为最大值,分别较对照组增加12.35%和22.75%,当Hg、Cd质量浓度分别大于0.015和0.300 mg·L~(-1)时,POD和CAT活性开始下降至最低。总的来说,Hg、Cd联合胁迫的浓度大于0.005和0.100 mg·L~(-1)时,卵叶喜盐草光合色素含量下降,MDA含量和抗氧化酶活性均相应发生变化。 相似文献
3.
【目的】研究Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻生长和多糖代谢的影响。【方法】取蒸馏水培养数日后的波吉卵囊藻液接入以f/2培养液的配方为基础的新鲜培养液中,Mg2+浓度梯度分别设置为0、1、2、4、8 mg/L,Mn2+浓度梯度分别设置为0、0.005、0.050、0.500、5.000 mg/L,实验周期为10 d。【结果与结论】不同浓度Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻的生长有显著性影响,当Mg2+质量浓度为2 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻的相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mg2+添加量为0、4和8 mg/L的组(P<0.05),当Mn2+质量浓度为0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻相对增长率、色素蛋白含量均出现最大值,显著高于Mn2+添加量0、0.050、0.500和5.000 mg/L组(P<0.05)。不同浓度Mg2+、Mn2+对波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量有显著影响(P<0.05),当Mg2+质量浓度>2 mg/L、Mn2+质量浓度>0.005 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻生长均受到胁迫,其胞外多糖合成量明显增加,以保护藻体不受危害;当Mg2+质量浓度为8 mg/L、Mn2+质量浓度为5.000 mg/L时,波吉卵囊藻胞外多糖含量分别为对照组的2.43和3.36倍。 相似文献
4.
【目的】探究全氟辛酸(PFOA)与重金属锌(Zn2+)单一及联合暴露对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的急性毒性效应和作用机制,为全氟化合物(Perfluorinated compounds,PFCs)和重金属在水生生态系统中的联合风险评估提供理论基础。【方法】将1×106mL-1斜生栅藻分别在0～16 mg/L Zn2+、0～350 mg/L PFOA单一处理组及0～1.5 TU联合处理组暴露96 h,分析暴露条件对斜生栅藻的细胞浓度、藻细胞叶绿素a(Chl a)、总蛋白(TP)含量、抗氧化系统、细胞外部形态、转化氨氮能力、Zn2+与PFOA去除率等指标的影响。【结果与结论】处理96 h,Zn2+与PFOA单一胁迫抑制斜生栅藻生长的半最大效应质量浓度(96 h-EC50)分别为14.17 mg/L和198.98 mg/L;二者联合胁迫96 h-EC50为0.97 TU,作用模式为部分相加作用... 相似文献
5.
研究了4种Hg2+浓度对细基江蓠果孢子和四分孢子附着、萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,Hg2+抑制了果孢子附着却促进了四分孢子的附着,但0.0025 mg/L浓度与对照组的差异不显著(P>0.05),各浓度间差异显著(P<0.05);Hg2+在实验浓度范围内(0.0025、0.0050、0.0075、0.0100 mg/L)影响了孢子的正常萌发,使孢子不能正常分裂和生长,刺激了孢子脱落,并且使盘状体的形态发生变异;`Hg2+不同浓度之间也存在显著差异(P<0.05),并且Hg2+浓度越高对孢子的萌发和生长影响越大。 相似文献
6.
4种重金属离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的急性毒性试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了铜、锌、镉、铅离子及其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionusurceus)的急性毒性影响,实验结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50分别为83 .18μg/L、4 .27mg/L、7. 60mg/L、23 44mg/L,将4种离子按照质量比120∶20∶6∶1的比例配成混合金属溶液,其混合液对壶状臂尾轮虫的24hLC50为0 42mg/L。 相似文献
7.
为探究环境中抗生素输入方式对反硝化过程的影响,选择盐酸洛美沙星(LOM)为代表抗生素,以纳米乳化油为碳源,开展了LOM浓度(200 ng·L-1和2 mg·L-1)与输入方式(一次输入和两次输入)不同组合条件下的反硝化模拟实验.结果表明:相同输入方式下,高浓度体系对NO-3-N还原的抑制率比低浓度体系高;相同浓度不同输... 相似文献
8.
KAPHLE Binija WANGJun-bo KAI Jin-lei LYU Xin-miao PAUDAYAL Khum Narayan ADHIKARI Subash 《山地科学学报》2021,(1)
High-altitude Himalayan lakes act as natural storage for environmental evidence related to climate change and environmental factors.A great number of lakes are distributed in the southern slope area of the central Himalayas;however,research concerning the hydrochemical processes of these lakes is still insufficient.Herein,we present a comprehensive study on the water chemistry of the lake waters and the inlet stream waters from Rara Lake in western Nepal based upon samples collected in November 2018.The p H,dissolved oxygen,chlorophyll-aconcentration(chl-a),water temperature,electric conductivity(EC)and total dissolved solids(TDS)were measured in situ,and the concentrations of major ions(Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+,Cl-,SO42-,and NO3-)were analyzed in the laboratory.The results revealed that the water in Rara Lake is slightly alkaline,with p H values ranging from 7.6-7.98.The cations,in decreasing order of concentration in the lake water,are Ca2+>Mg2+>K+>Na+with average concentrations of20.64 mg·L-1,11.78 mg·L-1,1.48 mg·L-1 and 0.72 mg·L-1,respectively;the order and concentrations for the anions is HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3-,with average concentrations of 122.15 mg·L-1,2.15 mg·L-1,0.46mg·L-1 and 0.55 mg·L-1,respectively.The dominant cation and anion in the lake water are Ca2+and HCO3-and they account for 48.14%and 71.8%of the totals,respectively.The range of lake water TDS is from 95mg·L-1 to 98 mg·L-1,with an average of 96.85 mg·L-1.The high ratio of(Ca2++Mg2+)to total cations and the low ratio of(Na++K+)to total cations indicate that Rara Lake receives ions from rock weathering,especially from carbonate rocks.Similarly,Gibbs boomerang diagrams and Piper diagrams also support the hydrochemistry of Rara Lake as being dominated by rock-weathering patterns.Likewise,other statistical analysis tools,such as Principal Component Analysis(PCA)and correlation strongly suggest the dominance of weathering of calcium and magnesium bicarbonate rocks as the major source of ions in Rara Lake.However,several traces of anthropogenic inputs into the lake were noticed,and the hypolimnion in the lake appears to be oxygen deficient,which may not be an issue at present but cannot be ignored in the future. 相似文献
9.
《广东海洋大学学报》2020,(2)
【目的】探索两种无机铁对长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)的生长、铁含量及生理特性的影响。【方法】分别以三氯化铁(FeCl_3)和硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)作为铁源,采用单因素实验方法,研究在不同浓度Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)条件下,长茎葡萄蕨藻的生长、光合色素含量、铁含量、两种过氧化酶(CAT、T-SOD)活性,以及总蛋白、维生素C和可溶性糖含量。【结果】在水体中无论是添加Fe~(2+)还是Fe~(3+),藻体的特定生长率(SGR)、光合色素含量、铁含量、过氧化物酶活性和维生素C含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。藻体的铁含量随着培养液中铁离子浓度的升高而增加,以Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)处理后,藻体铁最高值分别可达到1 522.54μg/g和1 373.93μg/g,增幅为1 369.34%和1 225.92%;藻体维生素C最高质量分数分别可达15.41μg/mg和12.89μg/mg,增幅为107.56%和73.58%。Fe~(2+)实验组对藻体的可溶性糖含量有显著影响(P <0.05)。实验藻体的总蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。【结论】藻体在3 mg/L Fe~(2+)或者6 mg/L Fe~(3+)的条件下,长茎葡萄蕨藻生长最佳,其营养品质可得以改善。 相似文献
10.
Chitosan oligosaccharide-Ca complex accelerates the depuration of cadmium from Chlamys ferrari 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigated the effect of a chitosan oligosaccharide-Ca complex (COS-Ca) on the depuration of cadmium (Cd) from Chlamys ferrari. After exposure to 0.5 mg L-1 CdCl2 for 3 or 7 d, the scallops were treated by COS-Ca prior to determina-tion of Cd, calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) contents, Cd distribution in organs, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidant variables. Results showed that COS-Ca reduced Cd content in the viscera of the scallops, with highest Cd depuration rate (47%) observed on day 3. The COS-Ca concentration substantially affected Cd depuration, and the exposure to 8.75 mg L-1 COS-Ca led to significantly higher Cd depuration rate compared with those of lower COS-Ca concentrations (1.75, 3.5, 5.25, and 7.00 mg L-1). Distribution analysis of Cd in scallop organs indicated that COS-Ca significantly reduced Cd content in the kidney throughout the 5-d experiment, as well as in the gill during the early stage of Cd depuration. In addition, COS-Ca treatment decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and MDA content while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities on different days. Our work suggested COS-Ca complex treatment as an effective method for acceleration of Cd depuration from Cd-contaminated bivalves. 相似文献
11.
This study deals with the toxic effects of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and NH3 on Chinese prawn (Penaeus orientalis). The median lethal concentrations of the toxic matters on Chinese prawn were determined. Cd2+>Cu2+>Zn2+>NH3-Nm is the toxic order of these chemicals to Chinese prawn. The toxic order of concentrated Zn2+ and Cd2+ in tissues and organs of Chinese prawn is in the order gill > shell + appendage>viscera > muscle.. 相似文献
12.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｆｆｅｃｔｉｎｇｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｌａｒ ｖａｅａｒｅｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙａｎｄｗａｔｅｒｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ.ＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｓｔａｇｅｓｏｆＥｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｓａｌｉｎｉｔｙ (ＩｎｇｌｅａｎｄＡｎｄｒｅｗｓ,1 976) .Ｃａ2 +ｃｏｎｔｅ… 相似文献
13.
We studied the effects of mercury (Hg2+) on antioxidant and digestive enzyme activities in terms of LC50 value and on hepatopancreas histostructures of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis in 40-day exposure to various concentrations of Hg2+ (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 mg/L). The results show that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione
peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) significantly increased in the concentrations of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/L, while that of enzyme
decreased in 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 mg/L treatments. Meanwhile, Hg2+ disrupted the histostructures of the hepatopancreas, causing decreases in activities of pepsin, tryptase, amylase, and cellulose,
which are synthesized in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, as the Hg2+ concentration increased, the survival rate of the crabs decreased, worst at 56.57% in 0.30 mg/L. Therefore, although crabs
are able to tolerate low levels of mercury pollution, high levels lead to cellular injury and tissue damage in hepatopancreas,
which then loses some of its vital physiological functions such as absorption, storage, and secretion. 相似文献
14.
15.
There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment. 相似文献
16.
The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure, growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ceils became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest concentration (8 mg/L pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2, 3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll a, βcarotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll a, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+. 相似文献
17.
The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, a model organism known for its unique combination of highly desirable molecular genetic, physiological and
morphological characteristics, was employed in the present study. The species was cultured in BG11 liquid medium contained
various initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cd2+ (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L). The experiment was conducted for six days and the metal induced alterations in the ultrastructure,
growth and pigment contents were assessed. Alterations in the ultrastructure of the Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells became evident with the increased (>4 mg/L Pb2+) metal concentration. The photosynthetic apparatus (thylakoid membranes) were found to be the worst affected. Deteriorated
or completely destroyed thylakoid membranes have made large empty spaces in the cell interior. In addition, at the highest
concentration (8 mg/L Pb2+), the polyphosphate granules became more prominent both in size and number. Despite the initial slight stimulations (0.2,
3.8 and 6.5% respectively at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L Pb2+), both metals inhibited the growth in a dose-dependent manner as incubation progressed. Pigment contents (chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin) were also decreased with increasing metal concentration. Cells exposed to 6 mg/L Pb2+, resulted in 36.56, 37.39 and 29.34% reductions of chlorophyll α, β carotene and phycocyanin respectively over the control. Corresponding reductions for the same Cd2+concentrations were 57.83, 48.94 and 56.90%. Lethal concentration (96 h LC50) values (3.47 mg/L Cd2+ and 12.11 mg/L Pb2+) indicated that Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is more vulnerable to Cd2+ than Pb2+.
Supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council 相似文献
18.
Proteins of the DYRK(dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase) family are characterized by the presence of a conserved kinase domain and N-terminal DH box.DYRK2 is involved in regulating key developmental and cellular processes,such as neurogenesis,cell proliferation,cytokinesis,and cellular differentiation.Herein,we report that the ortholog of DYRK2 found in zebrafish shares about 70% identity with that of human,mouse,and chick.RT-PCR showed that DYRK2 is expressed maternally and zygotica... 相似文献
19.
Proteins of the DYRK (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase) family are characterized by the presence
of a conserved kinase domain and N-terminal DH box. DYRK2 is involved in regulating key developmental and cellular processes, such as neurogenesis, cell proliferation, cytokinesis,
and cellular differentiation. Herein, we report that the ortholog of DYRK2 found in zebrafish shares about 70% identity with that of human, mouse, and chick. RT-PCR showed that DYRK2 is expressed maternally and zygotically. In-situ hybridization results show that DYRK2 is expressed in somite cells that will develop into muscles. Our results provide preliminary evidence for investigating the
in-vivo function of DYRK2 in zebrafish muscle development. 相似文献
20.
提出了实现高阶时域有限差分法FDTD（2M，2N）的一种方法，把对时间的高阶差分转化为对空间的差分，相对于FDTD（2，2N），并不增加存储量。数值实验证明了这一方法的有效性。 相似文献