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基于多项式回归模型的岛礁遥感浅海水深反演 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
Lyzenga's模型由于简单有效得到广泛应用，但是模型易欠拟合导致精度不高。本文提出了一种基于Lyzenga's模型的改进模型，通过增加多项式次数的方法，扩大模型特征维度，使得反演模型正确拟合，从而提高反演精度。基于WorldView-2遥感影像和0~30 m实测水深数据反演岛礁周围浅水水深，使用10折交叉验证和模型残差分析两种方法验证了改进模型的有效性和鲁棒性。结果表明，改进模型精度更高，在多项式次数为3时，模型最优。最后，根据改进模型反演得到的水深建立岛礁水下地形模型，能够直观、丰富地表达岛礁礁盘的微地形信息。 相似文献
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对于水深光学遥感反演研究，虽然已经建立了大量的模型方法，然而对于不同水深段，同一模型的反演精度各异，且采用单一模型进行水深反演得到的整体反演精度未必最佳。为了提高水深光学遥感反演的整体精度，本文提出一种分段自适应水深反演融合模型，模型在误差估计的基础上，结合了对数线性模型、对数转换比值模型、改进的对数转换比值模型与多调节因子模型的优势。利用模型在西沙群岛东岛开展了水深遥感反演实验，从整体反演精度、不同水深段反演精度及逐米水深精度等角度进行分析，结果表明，分段自适应融合模型的整体精度最高，平均绝对误差为1.09 m，平均相对误差达到16.06%；分水深段来看，分段自适应融合模型在多数不同水深段内的反演效果均最好；从逐米精度来看，分段自适应融合模型在大部分逐米水深段的反演能力均优于其他模型。 相似文献
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岬间砂质海岸平衡形态模型及其在华南海岸的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文介绍了对数螺线、双曲线、抛物线三种岬间海湾平面平衡形态模型，并通过对比分析，表明抛物线为三种模型中较为理想的模型．根据抛物线模型的基本原理，本文提供了模型的可行性操作，并就抛物线模型对华南岬间海湾的应用展开了讨论． 相似文献
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海面溢油无人机高光谱遥感检测与厚度估算方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海上溢油是海洋国家所面临的共同问题，但至今仍没有一种可靠实用的海上溢油准确识别和油量遥感监测方法。为此，本文以无人机高光谱遥感为手段，开展了海面溢油检测与厚度估算方法研究。实验中，通过搭建室外大型水槽溢油实验装置，获取了模拟真实海洋环境条件下不同溢油量的遥感和现场光谱数据，在此基础上，分析并提取了海上溢油特征光谱波段，给出了海上溢油高光谱检测模型；针对现场实验条件下水面油膜厚度难以测定的问题，设计了3种利用总体溢油量的油膜厚度估算模型。得到如下主要结论:（1）675 nm和699 nm是海上溢油检测的有效特征波段，但对极薄的油膜没有检测能力；（2）提出了归一化溢油指数模型、反比例模型和吸收基线模型等3种海上溢油油膜厚度估算模型，其中对于薄油膜（厚度≤ 5 μm）和厚油膜（厚度>50 μm），反比例模型是溢油厚度反演的首选也是唯一选择。对于中厚度油膜，晴朗天气条件下，归一化溢油指数模型是油膜厚度反演的首选，同时反比例模型和溢油吸收基线模型也都有较好的反演能力，而在多云天气条件下，反比例模型效果最佳。 相似文献
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裂谷盆地构造热演化的数值模型及在南海北部的应用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在沉积盆地的定量模拟研究中，建立各种数值模型是研究的基础。由于裂谷盆地在科学研究和油气勘探上的重要性，对其数值模型的研究一直受到高度重视，提出了众多理论模型。本文选择影响较大的或对南海被动陆缘研究有重要作用的数值型进行介绍，包括最基础的McKenzie瞬时拉伸模型，以及后来发展起来的限时拉伸模型、单剪伸展模型、挠曲悬臂梁模型、伸展随深度变化的模型和多幕拉伸模型。重点介绍各个模型的基本假设、应用条件、盆地演化的数学表达式，分析各模型之间的异同点和相互关系。文中还列举了南海北部的一些研究实例，以帮助深入理解不同数值模型的方法和应用。 相似文献
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秋刀鱼（Cololabis saira）是中国在西北太平洋海域的重要的捕捞对象之一，单位捕捞努力量渔获量（CPUE） 标准化是开展其资源评估研究的重要内容，许多统计模型被运用到CPUE标准化研究中。本文根据2003-2017年中国大陆在西北太平洋海域的秋刀鱼生产统计资料，结合卫星遥感获得的海洋环境数据如：海表面温度、海表面高度以及海温梯度等，基于广义线性模型（general linear model，GLM） 和广义加性模型（generalized additive model，GAM） 对中国大陆西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业进行CPUE 标准化，并对两种模型的结果进行了对比分析研究。通过贝叶斯信息准则选择最佳GLM和GAM模型，使用解释偏差和5-fold交差验证来对比两个模型结果。GLM模型的最佳模型对CPUE偏差的解释率为21.57%，GAM的最佳模型对CPUE偏差的解释率为38.95%。通过5-fold交差验证分析发现，GAM模型标准化结果较优于GLM模型，因此，认为GAM模型更适合于西北太平洋秋刀鱼渔业CPUE标准化。 相似文献
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采用逆方法，研究了同安湾底质冲淤模型的部分关键参数的确定。由于海底底质冲淤模型是一个高度参数化的非线性微分方程，参数确定是模型应用中的关键性问题，它直接关系到模型的稳定性和敏感性，通常是依据经验来确定。逆方法使得模型应用中的参数确定与模式检验联系在一起，减少了主观经验的参与。在厦门同安湾的应用中，模拟结果显示，经过清淤整治，主要潮汐通道的冲刷趋势明显增强，高集海堤等海区的严重淤积状况得以缓解，西海岸有部分回淤。研究结果表明。模型在稳定性和敏感性方面得到更理想的表现。 相似文献
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目的：观察中药复方肾络宁对膜性肾病（MN）模型小鼠TNF-α和IL-10的影响。方法：实验Balb/c小鼠采用阳离子化牛血清白蛋白（C-BSA）诱导MN模型，分为模型组、肾络宁组，另设正常组，以肾络宁为治疗药物，于实验第0周、第3周、第6周末检测各组小鼠尿蛋白及血清TNF-α、IL-10的变化情况。结果：治疗6周后，模型组和肾络宁组小鼠均出现不同程度的尿蛋白排泄量增加，其中肾络宁组较模型组小鼠尿蛋白排泄量减少；与空白对照组比较，模型组、肾络宁组TNF-α表达均不同程度升高，IL-10表达均不同程度降低，其中肾络宁组改善优于模型组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：肾络宁具有减少MN模型小鼠尿蛋白排泄的作用，其机制可能与调节TNF-α及IL-10的表达相关。 相似文献
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本文研究了用ＡＲＭＡ模型描述海浪运动的数学模型。通过ＡＲＭＡ模型的参数估计，给出了描述海浪运动的ＡＲＭＡ模型，利用仿真数据进行了拟合检验。结果表明：本文提出的海浪ＡＲＭＡ模型是一种非常理想的数学模型，且适于在线递推运算，便于工程应用。 相似文献
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This paper presents two novel nonlinear models of u-shaped anti-roll tanks for ships, and their linearizations. In addition, a third simplified nonlinear model is presented. The models are derived using Lagrangian mechanics. This formulation not only simplifies the modeling process, but also allows one to obtain models that satisfy energy-related physical properties. The proposed nonlinear models and their linearizations are validated using model-scale experimental data. Unlike other models in the literature, the nonlinear models in this paper are valid for large roll amplitudes. Even at moderate roll angles, the nonlinear models have three orders of magnitude lower mean square error relative to experimental data than the linear models. 相似文献
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Regression models are developed and presented to predict dry mass (mg) from two linear dimensions (mm) for 17 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa common to littoral zones of New Zealand lakes. We also provide regression models to predict body length from head capsule width for the major insect taxa. Dry mass was best explained as a power function of all linear dimensions: M = aL b .Parameters are presented in the log10‐transformed linear form of this power function. Body length was a simple linear function of head capsule width for all insect taxa, hence parameters for these models are presented as untransformed values. We also provide family level models for the Chironomidae, and compare our chironomid body length‐mass model with other published Chrionomidae length‐mass models. There was a very high degree of variability in parameter values among published length‐mass models for the family Chironomidae (mean coefficient of variation for mass at length = 148%). We discuss the potential causes and implications of this variability. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
There is an increasing pressure on the fisheries to avoid bycatch and discards. In the EU this is seen in landing obligations in the new Common Fisheries Policy. The European fisheries are thus under pressure to be highly selective both in adjusting catches to the individual or collective quota combinations and to be size selective in order to optimise the economic outcome of the available quota. This paper proposes a strategy of time-place selectivity by sharing real-time data and information between vessels about areas with high abundance of unwanted species and sizes (hotspots). The paper examines use of time-place regulation, risks/benefits of sharing knowledge and experiences from a previous real-time information sharing system as basis for developing the four models for fisher's sharing of information. The models differ with regard to data and information collection methods, who owns and access the data and hotspot warnings. The models are tested through a discussion of the possible application of the models in the context of the nephrops trawl fishery in Kattegat and Skagerrak. Based on this the models are proposed as possible tools for the fishing industry and managers when adjusted to specific local conditions, and a recommendation for policy support of development of information sharing systems is outlined. 相似文献
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Numerical models for shoreline evolution have been used for coastal management planning for several decades. The model calibration is a start point to project shoreline scenarios and in this aim the use of data acquired within the scope of monitoring programmes provides the opportunity to assess the models' capabilities under real condition. This work applies calibration data (retrieved from field surveys) to numerical models to predict medium-term shoreline evolution using, as a case study, a beach stretch named AC, about 3.5 km long and located downdrift of a groin on the northwest Portuguese coast. A smaller stretch AB (2.4 km long), included in the total one, which exhibits a pronounced erosive tendency usually better reproduced in shoreline evolution models, was also analysed. Based on topographic surveys, associated wave climate conditions registered between 2003 and 2008 and typical wave conditions registered over a longer wave climate time period, this work compares the calibration of two different shoreline evolution models, Long-term Configuration (LTC) and GENESIS for this period. Then, considering the 2003 topographic conditions for the models' calibration, the results of both models are discussed with respect to simulation scenarios after 10, 15 and 20 years of evolution. The 10-year evolution projections of the models are also compared to the results of a survey performed in February 2012. For the wave data calibration period (2003–2008), the average shoreline retreat of the analysed coastal stretch was reproduced with small differences (around 1% and 10% for LTC and 15% and 14% for GENESIS, considering stretches AB or AC, respectively), though local differences along the AB coastal stretch represent root mean square errors reaching up to 52% and 88% for GENESIS and LTC, respectively, and were above 118% for both models along the AC coastal stretch. 相似文献
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Current specification of the ocean wave environment for the design of offshore platforms does not adequately describe the directional nature of a real seaway. The strong wave frequency dependent nature of the directional behavior of observed seas is often over-simplified for design. A general formulation encompassing a wide range of directional sea models is presented. Parameter values used in some of the more popular directional sea models are examined. Approximate expressions for the two frequency dependent parameters in a modified Longuet-Higgins cosine wave spreading model are presented. A general procedure which allows an engineer to estimate parameters for alternate wave spreading models is discussed. To illustrate this procedure an empirically based modified cosine spreading model is used as the basis to estimate frequency dependent parameters for circular normal and wrapped Gaussian wave spreading models. A comparison of the contours of the various directional sea models and the prediction of the root-mean-square velocity distribution is presented. 相似文献
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Accurate and reliable eutrophication level forecasting models are necessary for characterizing complicated water quality processes in bays. In this study, the ability of coupled discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with artificial neural network (ANN) and multi linear regression (MLR) (WANN and WMLR), ANN, MLR and genetic algorithm-support vector regression (GA-SVR) models for chlorophyll-a level forecasting applications were considered. The data used to develop and validate the models were monthly chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data recorded from January 1994 to December 2013 were obtained from the NO.36 station located in the South San Francisco bay, USA. In the proposed WANN and WMLR models, the observed time series of Chl-a were decomposed to sub time series at different scales by DWT. Afterwards, the sub time series were used as input data to the ANN and MLR systems to predict the 1 month ahead Chl-a. Also the genetic algorithm was linked to SVR models to search for the optimal SVR parameters. The relative performance of the proposed models was compared together and the results showed that the WANN models were found to provide more accurate monthly Chl-a forecasts compared to the other models. The determination coefficient was 0.87, −0.04, 0.31, −2.36 and 0.24 for the WANN, WMLR, ANN, MLR and GA-SVR models, respectively. In addition, the WANN model predicted extreme Chl-a values precisely. The results indicate that the WANN models are a promising new method for eutrophication level forecasting in bays such as those found in South San Francisco Bay. 相似文献
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生态模型在渔业管理中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着人们对于海洋生态的认识逐渐深入,渔业等人类活动的影响受到了更多的关注,"基于生态系统的渔业管理"（EBFM）这一概念被越来越多的研究者和国际组织所接受。生态模型为EBFM的实践提供了科学的评估方法和技术工具。与单鱼种评估模型相比,生态模型更多地考虑了系统内的各种生态过程和作用机制,栖息地等环境条件的变化,以及生态系统整体的结构和功能等,依此来反映生态系统的动态变化。由于生态模型是多样化的,关注和涉及不同的目标对象、机制过程、模型结构和参数,本文按照生态模型所关注的生态层次和组分将其分为多物种模型、群落结构模型和生态系统模型3个类型,分析了各类模型的优劣点。本文进一步阐述了生态模型在渔业管理中的应用领域,以管理策略评估为中心的应用方式,以及实践中模型选择和构建所需要注意的问题,还探讨了生态模型中降低不确定性和提高预测能力的方法。 相似文献