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Introduction Based on the elastic theory of the hard inclusion (Dobrovolskii, 1991), we developed an inclusion theory of rheologic medium, and applied the results of bulk-strain field of a rheologic inclusion model to explain the spatial-temporal evolution process of earthquake precursors (SONG, et al, 2000). In the former paper (SONG, et al, 2003), we derived the viscoelastic displacement field of the rheologic inclusion model on the basis of the analytic expression of displacement field o… 相似文献
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On the basis of the three-dimensional elastic inclusion model, the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain field is derived, i.e., the analytic expression of viscoelastic strain at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in x-axis, y-axis and z-axis produced by three-dimension inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model, namely the normal strains εxx(r, t), εyy(r, t) and εzz(r, t), the shear strains εxy(r, t) and εyx(r, t), εyz(r, t)and εzy(r, t), εxz(r, t) and εzx(r, t), and the bulk-strain θ (r, t). By computing the spatial-temporal variation of bulk strain on the ground produced by a spherical rheologic inclusion in a semi-infinite rheologic medium, we obtained some significant results that the bulk-strain variation with time produced by a hard inclusion has three stages (α, β,γ) with different characteristics, which are similar to those of most geodetic deformation curves, but not the case for those by a soft inclusion. It is meaningful that these theoretical results have been applied to explain preliminarily the characteristics of stage variation of spatial-temporal evolution, the pattern and quadrant distribution of earthquake precursors, the changeability, spontaneity and complexity of short-term and imminent-term precursors. It offers a theoretical base to found the physical model of earthquake precursors and a reference to predict physically the earthquakes. 相似文献
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地震孕育过程中形变趋势变化形态的理论分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用流变介质包体模型理论中体应变解析解计算分析了孕震过程中不同观测点的形态异常特征，结果表明，硬包体产生的体应变具有明显的3阶段过程，软包体却只有2个阶段的特点，但它们的形态特征不仅都具有象限性与地区性，而且还随震中距的不同而不同。岩石实验结果也表明，观测点距破裂面的距离不同，其形态特征也不同。在理论分析与岩石实验结果一致的基础上，分析了张北地震与景泰地震前形变异常的形态特征，即具有明显的地区性与象限性；并且形态特征随震中距的变化而不同；变化幅度也随震中距的增大而减小。基于对形变异常形态特征的理解，提出了利用形态特征预测、判断发震地点及孕震状态的思路。 相似文献
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Zhiping Song Xiangchu Yin Shirong Mei Yucang Wang Can Yin Huihui Zhang Langping Zhang 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(9):1991-2009
Based on the three-dimensional elastic inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii, we developed a rheological inclusion model
to study earthquake preparation processes. By using the Corresponding Principle in the theory of rheologic mechanics, we derived
the analytic expressions of viscoelastic displacement U(r, t) , V(r, t) and W(r, t), normal strains εxx (r, t), εyy (r, t) and εzz (r, t) and the bulk strain θ (r, t) at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in three directions of X axis, Y axis and Z axis produced by a three-dimensional inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic
model. Subsequent to the spatial-temporal variation of bulk strain being computed on the ground produced by such a spherical
rheologic inclusion, interesting results are obtained, suggesting that the bulk strain produced by a hard inclusion change
with time according to three stages (α, β, γ) with different characteristics, similar to that of geodetic deformation observations, but different with the results of
a soft inclusion. These theoretical results can be used to explain the characteristics of spatial-temporal evolution, patterns,
quadrant-distribution of earthquake precursors, the changeability, spontaneity and complexity of short-term and imminent-term
precursors. It offers a theoretical base to build physical models for earthquake precursors and to predict the earthquakes. 相似文献
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为了研究2008年汶川MS8.0地震前10年前兆异常的时空演化过程, 采用地震破裂区的几何中心和余震区椭圆中心线为中心的两种方法计算前兆异常的震中距。 结果表明: 在汶川地震前2年左右前兆异常逐渐增多; 近源区(震源2倍左右尺度)异常测项比大于25%, 远源区中震源3～5倍尺度区域的异常测项比为17%～24%。 前兆异常时空演化过程存在三个不同的变化阶段, 即α阶段(包括α1和α2, 震前700～3000 d)的异常主要分布在余震区以外的西南地区和西北地区, 表现为远源区与近源区的前兆均存在向外扩展的特点; β阶段(震前300～700 d)的异常分布在余震区西南部和北部地区, 表现为大范围出现异常; γ阶段(包括γ1和γ2, 震前300 d内)的异常分布范围较广, 异常主要分布在余震区的西南部和东北部地区, 表现为远源区的异常向震中收缩过程(γ1)和近源区的异常向外扩展的过程(γ2)。 地震孕育过程的实验研究和力学分析表明, 地震孕育过程中前兆异常的三阶段特征可能是受孕震体的控制, 是孕震过程中的一种表现形式, 是一个地震孕育过程中的普遍性特点, 对地震预测具有一定指导作用。 相似文献
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Based on the three-dimensional elastic inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii, we developed athree-dimensional rheologic inclusion model and theory to study the earthquake preparation process. By usingcorrespondence principle in the theory of rheologic mechanics, we derived the analytic expression of the viscoe-lastic displacement at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in three directions of x, y and z-axes (i. e., U(r, t), V*(r, t) and W(r,t)) produced by a three-dimension inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linearrheologic model. 相似文献
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Introduction The rock medium shows mainly elastic character under low-temperature, low-pressure and external force for short duration, yet it shows rheologic property under high-temperature, high-pressure and long-time external force. It is reasonable that the rapid earthquake generating process lasted for tens seconds is analyzed by the elastic theory. As for the earthquake generating process for hundreds or thousand years, nevertheless, the rheologic property of rock must be taken into accou… 相似文献
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Based on the three-dimensional ela stic inclusion model proposed by Dobrovolskii, we developed a three-dimensional rheologic
inclusion model and theory to study the earthquake preparation process. By using correspondence principle in the theory of
rheologic mechanics, we derived the analytic expression of the viscoelastic displacement at an arbitrary point (x, y, z) in three directions of x, y and z-axes (i.e., U(r, t), V*(r, t) and W(r, t)) produced by a three-dimension inclusion in the semi-infinite rheologic medium defined by the standard linear rheologic model.
Foundation item: Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (101105) 相似文献
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基于坚固体孕震模式，参考板内地震孕育特征和华北地区的地质构造特征，建立了4层地壳结构模型，对近地表形变场和应力场的时空分布特征进行了动态模拟研究，结果表明，在地震孕育的中长期阶段，坚固体近地表部位的形变相对稳定，出现研究，结果表明，在地震孕育的中长期阶段，坚固体近地表部位的形变相对稳定，出现形变空区，在孕震的中短期阶段，坚固体近地表部位的形变出现快速增长的态势，平均应力明显增强，这是各种前兆异常出现有规律的迁移变化，即从外国地区逐渐向强震震源区迁移、集中的内在机理。 相似文献
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在总结华北北部地区唐山、大同地震前地电阻率和形变前兆的象限性特征的基础上，分析并发现张北地震前的形变和地电阻率前兆也具有一定的象限性特征．说明前兆象限性的存在并非偶然，是与孕震体的存在有关．通过岩石实验与理论分析认为，在孕震过程中，前兆异常确实存在象限性特征．象限性的空间分布范围并不是固定不变，而是具有逐渐变大——最大——变小的过程．并且象限性的上升区与下降区（或压缩区与膨胀区）在近源区与远源区不同．如果基于对前兆象限性的认识，指导分析前兆异常不同形态异常的空间分布，对地震的可能发震地区预测将具有参考意义． 相似文献
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应用芦山MS7.0地震震中附近跨断层及连续形变观测资料, 分析了芦山地震前不同阶段地形变变化的特点, 讨论了震中附近区域异常时空演化过程. 结果表明: ① 自2013年1月起, 沿鲜水河断裂带一些跨断层基线观测到显著的加速转折变化, 沿安宁河、 则木河断裂带个别场地的跨断层水准基线, 2010年以来出现的巨幅异常等是突出的场兆变化; 沿龙门山断裂带一些水准观测在汶川MS8.0地震后持续的调整变化具有近震源区变形特征. ② 鲜水河、 龙门山和安宁河3条主要断裂围成的三叉口地区, 地倾斜、 应变、 重力及断层水准和蠕变观测临震前均未有显著的异常变化, GPS水平、 垂直位移年速率最小, 该地区是形变变化或形变异常分布的“空区”. ③ 在对近场与远场多种连续形变数据通过傅里叶变换提取年周期成分后发现, 临震前2—3年近震源区域的地倾斜、 重力年变化幅度不是增大, 而是减小. 芦山MS7.0地震前观测到的形变前兆现象特征与汶川MS8.0地震等震前的前兆现象较为接近. 因此, 芦山地震前近震源区及外围形变异常分布特征不是个别的现象. 相似文献
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IntroductionI.thasbeenpayingattentiontotheanomalousphenomenonbyseismologiststhattheearthquakeactivityoftenstrengthensinacertainspaceandduringacertaintimearoundthesourceareabeforeastrongearthquake.Mogi(1969)pointedoutthataringdistributiveareaofthestrengthenedearthquakeactivityoftenappearsaroundthesourcearea10to20yearsbeforegreatshock,whichcalledaringphenomenon(or"doughnut").Afterthat,otherscholarsreportedinsuccessionthatringdistributionofearthquakeactivityoccurredbeforeastrongertquakeorevenbefo… 相似文献
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What is a credible seismic precursor in observation of deformation A real seismic precursor ought to be resulted from the variations in the earth strain and stress. The deformation observation can provide the information during earthquake gestation and occurrence period for us. Usually the seismic precursors can be divided into field and epicentral region precursors. The precursor information is very useful for seismic prediction from epicentral region or near epicentral region. Micro-deformation observation mainly includes tilt, strain and gravity observation. Compared with GPS, geodesy and mobile deformation observation, micro-deformation (tilt, strain) shows the change of deformation which is continual in a limited volume with dominant observed range of 10(6~10(10 m. Because the variation of the crustal nature and cracking can be directly obtained by micro-deformation observation, it is an effective way to find middle-short term and short-term precursor. 相似文献
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本文对2016年青海门源MS6.4地震之前震中周边前兆台站的观测资料进行了回顾性分析,结果显示有15项定点前兆测项震前呈异常,主要集中在距震中300 km的范围内,其中形变类异常最先出现,之后以流体类异常为主,临震阶段以电磁类异常为主。震前前兆异常的演化在时空上具有阶段性和迁移性,震前异常出现时间随震中距的变化划分为三个阶段:α阶段为远源场前兆异常从震中向外围扩散的过程,异常主要出现在震前390—630天;β阶段为前兆异常大范围分布,主要出现在震前100—200天;γ阶段主要为近源场异常向外扩散。 相似文献
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本文利用有限元方法模拟计算了强震发生前孕震区的波速比及Ｓ波分裂的时空变化，结果表明，孕震过程中，随着应力的局部集中，岩体发生扩容，引起裂隙的增生及定向排列，从而使孕震区产生各向异性，引起波速比的变化及Ｓ波分裂现象，在不同阶段，穿过同一路径的地震射线其波速比和Ｓ波分裂特征不同；在同一时刻，沿不同路径传播的地震射线其波速比及Ｓ波分裂也不同。总体看来，平行于孕震断层传播的地震波速比变化比垂直于其波速比及 相似文献
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震前多种前兆异常形态特征及预测意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对1970年以来华北地区31次MS≥5.0地震前多种前兆异常形态特征进行了系统研究, 结果认为: ① 在强震前短临阶段, 普遍存在垂直形变和水位异常形态的四象限性分布, 且这种象限分布特征与主震震源机制解具有一定的相关性。 即在压缩区, 垂直形变上升, 水位亦上升。 在膨胀区, 垂直形变和水位都下降; ② 地倾斜异常在近源区与远源区具有明显的差异, 其中多数强震前表现为距离震中近的台站向与震中相反的方向倾斜, 而远离震中的台站, 其倾斜方向指向震中; ③ 地电阻率异常形态以下降为主; 多数水化异常(气体)表现为短期上升而临震转平或下降; 电磁波通常为短临异常。 基于上述前兆异常形态特征, 特别是垂直形变和水位异常形态的四象限分布特点, 提出了根据前兆场异常特征判断发震地点和孕震状态的思路。 相似文献
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