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西太平洋板块俯冲与华北克拉通破坏 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华北克拉通破坏与西太平洋板块俯冲相关是学界的重要共识,但西太平洋板块何时开始向东亚大陆俯冲、早白垩世西太平洋俯冲带在何处、东亚大地幔楔何时形成、晚中生代西太平洋俯冲板块如何演化等重要科学问题一直没有很好地解决.文章通过综合分析与研究,认为西太平洋板块起始俯冲的时间早达早侏罗世;早白垩世西太平洋俯冲带位于东亚大陆边缘,比现今西太平洋板块俯冲带靠西2200km;与此相对应,欧亚大陆自早白垩世以来向东漂移了大约900km.西太平洋俯冲板块后撤始于～145Ma,说明东亚大地幔楔开始形成于早白垩世;西太平洋板块俯冲作用对华北克拉通的影响可能是通过地幔楔增大过程中物质和能量的迁移和交换来实现的.利用地质构造事件反演了大洋板块在俯冲到地球内部之前的演化过程,提出燕山运动A幕和B幕发生的原因分别是西太平洋板块向东亚大陆边缘以高速低角度俯冲和俯冲角度逐渐变低两种不同的地球深部动力学过程新观点.在早白垩世大约130～120Ma期间,西太平洋板块可能已经转变为高角度俯冲、回转与后撤速率达到最大、最终在地幔过渡带产生滞留体.这个过程可能显著改变了所在区域和上覆地幔的物性和黏滞度,导致上覆地幔楔产生非稳态流动,从而导致岩石圈地幔中熔/流体含量急剧增加、黏滞度降低以及岩石圈伸展/减压,并使其转变为年轻地幔——克拉通破坏.这些认识对揭示西太平洋俯冲板块与华北克拉通岩石圈地幔之间相互作用过程具有重要意义. 相似文献
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西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞导致古亚洲洋闭合,形成了幅员辽阔的中亚造山带,该带内记录了丰富的板块碰撞信息,揭示深部缝合边界对于研究洋-陆俯冲到陆-陆碰撞的深部动力学过程具有重要的科学意义.本文对查干敖包—化德410km大地电磁测深(MT)剖面数据进行反演,获得二维电性结构,为研究西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带深部构造形迹、碰撞边界问题提供地电结构的依据.结合人工反射地震及地质资料获得以下认识:(1)西伯利亚板块与华北克拉通碰撞带地壳存在多组"U"型低阻异常,多对应弧型、倾斜或"鳄鱼嘴"状反射界面.莫霍面存在两处错断现象,并与深部电性梯度带对应.岩石圈地幔除白乃庙岛弧呈低阻块体外,均为高阻块体,这些电性结构特征反映了南北汇聚所形成的构造形迹.(2)碰撞带可分为二连—贺根山和索伦—西拉木伦河两个不同时期的汇聚体系,晚泥盆世—晚石炭世早期形成的二连—贺根山汇聚体系由二连—贺根山增生杂岩带、宝力岛弧地体及断裂带组成,深部缝合边界位于二连浩特.而晚二叠—早三叠的索伦—西拉木伦河汇聚体系由二道井子增生杂岩带和温都尔庙增生杂岩带及断裂带组成,深部缝合边界位于苏尼特右旗.(3)在锡林浩特地区软流圈内部存在高阻异常,可能为俯冲消失的洋壳或碰撞造山后拆离的岩石圈残片. 相似文献
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古太平洋板块在欧亚大陆下的俯冲历史:东北亚陆缘中生代-古近纪岩浆记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
系统总结了东北亚陆缘中生代-古近纪火成岩的岩石组合、地球化学特征及其空间变异,讨论了中生代多构造体系影响的时空范围以及古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下俯冲作用的起始时间及其俯冲历史.东北亚陆缘中生代-古近纪火成岩可划分为九期:早-中三叠世、晚三叠世、早侏罗世、中侏罗世、晚侏罗世、早白垩世早期、早白垩世晚期、晚白垩世和古近纪.东北亚陆缘三叠纪埃达克质岩石、双峰式火山岩、碱性岩、A-型花岗岩和A-型流纹岩的形成主要与古亚洲洋闭合及闭合后的伸展作用有关,而额尔古纳-兴安地块上三叠纪钙碱性火成岩组合揭示了蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板块南向俯冲作用的发生.三叠纪期间,东北亚陆缘处于被动陆缘背景;东北亚陆缘早侏罗世钙碱性火成岩具有弧型火成岩的地球化学特征,陆内为双峰式火成岩和A-型花岗岩组合,自陆缘向陆内火成岩成分极性变化与早侏罗世陆缘增生杂岩一起,揭示了古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下的俯冲作用始于早侏罗世;东北亚陆缘普遍缺少中侏罗世-早白垩世早期(主要为晚侏罗世)岩浆作用,结合早白垩世陆缘增生杂岩低纬度的生物组合与碎屑锆石年龄组合,暗示该阶段东北亚陆缘与古太平洋板块之间主要处于走滑的构造属性;东北亚陆缘广泛分布的早白垩世晚期钙碱性火山岩、I-型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石指示古太平洋板块向东北亚开启大范围低角度俯冲作用;东北亚陆缘晚白垩世-古近纪火成岩分布范围向东明显缩小,并且由陆内向沿海地区迁移,指示欧亚大陆向东漂移和古太平洋俯冲板块逐渐回撤的构造过程. 相似文献
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柴达木盆地沉积地层记载着青藏高原东北部的构造演化信息.对该盆地路乐河地区上中生界—新生界地层系统采样,获得千余块定向岩心样品.岩石磁学研究表明样品中的磁性矿物主要为赤铁矿和磁铁矿;磁组构研究表明为初始沉积磁组构特征.磁组构特征指示了自中侏罗统大煤沟组(J2d)至早中新统下油砂山组(N12y)7个地层单位沉积时期,古水流方向共经历了4次阶段性的变化,表明柴达木块体相应地发生了4次旋转.在中—晚侏罗世块体逆时针旋转约22°;至早白垩世,块体又顺时针旋转约65°;在65.5～32 Ma期间块体旋转方向再次改变,逆时针旋转约63°;到32～13Ma阶段块体又发生约50°的顺时针旋转.柴达木块体的旋转及其方向的转换,可能与其南的羌塘块体、拉萨块体和印度板块阶段性北向碰撞挤压紧密相关.拉张环境与挤压环境的多次转换可能与中特提斯的关闭、新特提斯的张开和闭合、高原快速隆升后其边部松弛相联系. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(9)
华北克拉通在中生代发生强烈的破坏作用,诱发强烈的岩浆、构造、热事件,同时形成金等金属矿床.然而,克拉通破坏如何控制巨量金等金属矿床的形成与分布尚不十分清楚.本文基于已发表大量资料和科技部重点研发专项项目研究成果,系统总结了华北东部中生代岩浆岩岩石组合、年代学、地球化学和岩石成因、金等金属矿床成矿年代学、中生代盆地演化等最新资料,恢复了华北东部中-新生代盆地伸展量和郯庐断裂的左行走滑位移距离,确定了不同地质历史时期古太平洋板块俯冲带的位置,重新构建了华北东部中生代金等金属矿床和岩浆活动的时空分布规律,并发现早中侏罗世期间,岩浆-成矿作用由东向西逐渐迁移,而160～140Ma之后则由西向东迁移,论证了华北东部中生代金等金属成矿与岩浆岩成岩之间的成因关系,岩浆为金属矿床的形成提供了部分物源和成矿流体,阐明克拉通破坏与巨量岩浆-成矿作用的深部动力学机制,提出侏罗纪期间华北受到古太平洋板块向西低角度俯冲,不仅在华北东部(乃至中国东部)形成了类似于南美安第斯型富含斑岩铜矿的大陆岩浆弧,而且俯冲带流体交代地幔楔为早白垩世热液成矿奠定了物质基础.在早白垩世时期,古太平洋板块俯冲角度由低变高,俯冲板块和俯冲带发生后撤,使华北克拉通东部发生强烈破坏,并形成巨量岩浆和金等金属矿床. 相似文献
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内蒙古北部华北板块与西伯利亚板块之间中古生代造山带的结构及演化 总被引：65，自引：0，他引：65
论证了发育在内蒙古北部锡林浩特-苏尼特左旗南-二道井一带的中古生代俯冲-碰撞造山带,划分出5个二级构造单元.它们是:混杂岩带、前陆变形带、磨拉斯盆地、岛弧闪长岩带和同碰撞花岗岩带.造山带的演化可分为俯冲时期(500～400Ma)和碰撞时期(400～320Ma).造山带的形成使华北板块与西伯利亚板块在晚泥盆世拼合,磁撞缝合线位于二道井-查干乌拉-红格尔一线. 相似文献
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中国主要地块显生宙古地磁视极移曲线与地块运动 总被引：65，自引：6，他引：59
基于华北、扬子和塔里木三大地块最新古地磁结果,并重新审视已有的古地磁数据,绘制了三大地块显生宙以来的古地磁视极移曲线.以此为基础,推算了各地块古纬度和取向的变化特征.进而分析了三大地块及其周边地块的运动学特征及相互间的对接和缝合过程.早古生代,华北、扬子、塔里木地块都位于南半球中低纬度地区.华北地块在动力学上是独立的,其运动特征以平移为主,旋转运动为辅;扬子和塔里木地块与冈瓦纳大陆关系密切,塔里木地块很可能在晚奥陶世远离冈瓦纳大陆,在二叠纪与西伯利亚板块对接;我国华北和蒙古联合地块与西伯利亚板块的对接则是在晚保罗世完成的 扬子与华北地块的对接过程是先东后西,东部的对接发生在晚二叠世,对接时结合带位于北纬6°～8°.晚三叠世两地块在西部门合时,结合带位于北纬25°左右.两地块在西部对接的同时,在东部产生了应力释放,使最初俯冲到上地慢的部分陆壳物质被推挤上升,与苏鲁-大别地区的超高压变质岩形成的时代相同.从晚二叠世到早中侏罗世华北与扬子地块以东部为支点经历了大规模的相对旋转.晚侏罗世三大地块在动力学意义上已成为整体.在中国拉萨地块和印度次大陆与中国大陆对接缝合产生的力矩作用下.晚保罗世以来三大地块统一显示了约为20°的顺时针旋转运动. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(1)
"幔柱生成带理论"认为现今的热点以及显生宙经过古板块重建后的板块上的大岩浆岩省和金伯利岩岩体的位置大致位于大剪切波低速省在地表投影的边缘.在板块上具有可识别且年代确定的大岩浆岩省或金伯利岩岩体时,可依据"幔柱生成带理论"对板块的绝对位置进行恢复.本文在前人对华北陆块中奥陶世金伯利岩岩体研究的基础上,对华北陆块中奥陶世的古地磁数据进行分析和筛选,并结合前期奥陶纪的全球古板块再造及全球构造格局研究,辅以岩相生物古地理分析,将华北陆块中奥陶世的绝对位置确定为:纬度在约16.6°~19.1°S,经度在约10°W.在地理位置上位于西伯利亚和冈瓦纳大陆之间,靠近西伯利亚板块.且在寒武纪-奥陶纪,华北陆块在经向上具有逐渐远离冈瓦纳大陆并向西伯利亚板块靠拢的趋势. 相似文献
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The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
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Poise 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
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地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献