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1.
含孔岩石加载过程的热辐射温度场变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择含圆孔岩石作为试样,利用单轴加载试验系统和红外热像仪,并结合数值模拟分析手段,对模型受力及破裂过程的热辐射时空演化特征进行了试验研究。结果表明：含圆孔岩石在加载过程中压、拉应力呈对称分布,导致热像的升温和降温区对称分布,即压应力区升温,拉应力区降温,应力场与红外辐射温度场之间呈很好的对应关系。试件加载后期发生破裂,破裂的性质与红外辐射温度变化有密切关系,剪性破裂辐射温度升高,而张性破裂辐射温度无明显变化。试件最终呈剪性破裂,而该区域的带状升温是岩石破裂失稳的重要红外前兆。试验结果再次揭示,利用热成像技术可以监测岩石的应力与灾变现象。 相似文献
2.
岩石压剪断裂过程中的超声波波谱特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩石破裂过程中的声发射特性不仅与岩石种类有关 ,而且与受到的载荷和破裂进展密切相关 ,岩石受载时的声发射波谱中含有大量与微断裂有关的信息。本文通过岩石压剪加载时峰值前的声发射波谱特性分析 ,探讨了岩石压剪时的微断裂机理 ,揭示了岩石在压剪加载不同阶段的波谱特性与岩石初始非线性、线性响应和临界裂纹扩展之间的相关关系。实验结果表明 ,声发射波谱参数的变化对岩石微断裂进展的响应比载荷本身更为敏感。这一结论为岩石边坡稳定性分析 ,岩爆预测和采矿工程的安全性评估提供了十分有意义的实验依据。 相似文献
3.
岩石破裂过程的自组织临界特征初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
自组织临界状态。是广延耗散动力学系统所普遍具有的行为特征。实验表明，岩石破裂过程也具有自组织临界特征。本文运用数学－力学分析和计算机模拟等手段。研究了岩石破裂过程中所现出的累进性破坏及无序向有序演化等特征的内在机理，从而加深了岩石破裂失稳定过程机制的认识。 相似文献
4.
在刚性材料试验压力机上对花岗岩、灰岩、红砂岩、砂岩、千枚岩及泥岩6种典型的岩石试样进行了单轴全过程加载试验,通过自主研制的数字化次声波探测系统对加载过程中的岩石破裂发射出的次声波信号进行了实时探测。为了研究岩石微破裂过程是否存在发射低频次声波现象及其频率分布等特性,通过小波阈值去噪、短时傅立叶变换（STFT）时-频分析和时域累计振铃计数的方法对数字次声波信号进行了处理与分析。研究结果表明：①岩石在破坏前加载过程中存在明显的发射次声波现象;②岩石破裂产生突出次声信号的频率主要分布在2.0～6.0 Hz之间;③在结构较完整的情况下,硬岩（如花岗岩、灰岩）在变形破裂过程中产生的次声信号数量要比软岩（如泥岩）多。与一般声波相比,因次声波具有不容易衰减,不易被水和空气吸收,波长很长可绕开大型障碍物等独特性质,结合其他方法对岩石破裂产生次声波现象的进一步研究可为岩石（体）稳定性监测提供重要的研究方法和技术手段。 相似文献
5.
对称和非对称载荷下声发射特征的数值模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用自行开发的岩石破裂过程分析RFPA^2D系统，研究了对称载荷和非对称载荷下岩样的破坏过程以及破坏过程中所呈现的声发射特征。数值模拟结果演示两种条件下由微破裂诱致宏观破坏的演化过程以及和微破裂相关的声发射事件源的空间分布特征和事件序列特征。数值模拟结果指出，和对称载荷压缩实验相比，两者的最大区别在于在非对称载荷压缩实验中局部的剪切破坏的发生以及一个更加局部化的声发射事件源分布。从物理意义上讲非对称载荷实验提供了在预定破裂路径下研究脆性破坏的方法，从声发射研究方面来说非对称实验比对称实验能更好地观察声发射事件源的局部化。 相似文献
6.
岩石破裂行为的实验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
岩样的破裂行为、破坏过程和参数测试是裂隙断裂构造研究的基础和依据。实验岩石样品采自四川东部和新疆北部地区,为测试准确起见,对岩样进行了应力等值线的有限元法计算。通过单轴和三轴实验的岩样破坏观察和应力应变曲线对比,将岩石的破裂行为、应力应变划分为四个阶段,即裂隙压密阶段、弹性变形阶段、微观劈裂阶段和宏观破裂阶段。基于单轴抗压实验岩石劈裂—破裂—碎裂发展过程的微观分析,可以看出宏观破裂主要是沿岩样原有的隐裂隙、临界裂隙发育的,许多新裂隙则主要是在宏观破裂阶段产生的。 相似文献
7.
《岩土力学》2020,(1):157-165
开展花岗岩单轴压缩试验,利用决策树模型,构建岩石破裂过程关键声发射信号的提取方法,并通过选取特征参数将提取的关键信号分类,分析各类关键声发射信号的时频参数特征,进一步探讨各类信号所对应的岩石破裂机制。研究结果表明,基于决策树模型建立的岩石破裂关键声发射信号提取方法,能够有效提取岩石破裂过程中影响整体结构稳定性的关键破裂事件对应的声发射信号,准确率在90%以上。根据关键信号特征提取规则将信号分成A、B、C、D 4类,A类信号对应岩石在宏观破裂时产生的开裂、扩展型破裂;B类信号为岩石临近破裂与峰后阶段出现的大量小尺度开裂、扩展型破裂;C类信号对应岩石宏观破裂前产生的剪切滑移型破裂;D类信号对应岩石整体破坏后产生的小尺度张剪复合型破裂。 相似文献
8.
用声波参数确定岩石加载破坏过程的不同阶段 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文研究了岩石在单轴和真三轴加载的破坏过程与声波参数及动力学参数之间的关系。在单轴和三轴压缩实验中,通过测量纵横波速度和振幅的变化,有效地判断岩石加载和结构的变化情况,确定岩石加载破坏过程中的几个阶段,实现对岩石破裂前兆的预测。本文还研究了三轴压缩实验中中间主应力σ_2的改变对声波速度和振幅变化曲线的影响。 相似文献
9.
岩石破裂全程数字化细观损伤力学试验研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
设计基于扫描电镜（SEM）的岩石破裂全过程数字化细观损伤力学试验方案,实现了岩石破裂全过程的显微与宏观实时的数字化监测、控制、记录及分析的岩石力学试验。应用于四川锦屏大理岩预制裂纹试样中进行单轴压缩破坏全程的数字化试验,对微裂纹的萌生、生长及贯通过程进行数字化定量分析,得到试样在受荷过程中微裂纹的面积、方位角、长度、宽度和周长基本几何数据,从宏细观角度描述了岩石试样单轴压缩过程中的破坏机制,并分析得出试样单轴受压破坏过程中虽然微裂纹在某些区域集中,但在整个试样中微裂纹的统计分布依然是服从某一指数分布的这一结论。试验研究结果证明了该试验方案的科学性和先进性。 相似文献
10.
不同岩石破裂全过程的声发射序列分形特征试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对不同岩性的岩石进行单轴压缩声发射试验,获取岩石破裂全过程中的载荷-轴向变形曲线及声发射参数,观察试件破裂失稳时的破坏情况,分析破坏过程的载荷变化关系。着重对比了不同岩石的不同力学性质、岩石声发射序列的时域特征和声发射序列的分形特征。研究结果表明,采用声发射率、能率可以很好地描述岩石破裂损伤的整个阶段;计算岩石声发射率、声发射能率的关联维数,可得出岩石破裂过程的声发射序列具有分形特征;岩石破裂过程的声发射分维值D反映了岩石内部微裂隙的统计演化规律;不同岩性的岩石破裂过程的声发射参数序列的分形特征具有一定的共性;归纳总结出岩体声发射序列分维曲线的演化模式,即波动→持续下降演化模式,提出可以将分维值的持续下降作为岩体破裂失稳的前兆。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
18.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
19.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献