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1.
软弱土层的厚度及埋深对深厚软弱场地地震效应的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
就软弱土层的埋深和厚度对深厚场地地震动的影响进行了数值分析。场地1、场地2和场地3分别选自南京、盐城和天津。场地1、场地2用于分析软弱表层土的厚度对地表地震动参数的影响：场地1的软弱表层土厚度从2m依次增加到30m，构造了18个土层剖面；场地2的软弱表层土的厚度从2m依次增加到36m，构造了21个土层剖面。场地3用于分析软弱夹层的埋深和厚度对地表地震动参数的影响：软弱夹层的埋深从2m增加到62m，构造了16个剖面；软弱夹层的厚度从2m增加到10m，构造了5个剖面。选用Taft、E1 Centro和Northridge地震记录作为输入地震动，将Taft、El Centro和Northridge地震波加速度时程的峰值水平调整为0．35m／s^2，0．70m／s^2和0．98m／s^2，利用程序SHAKE91对不同的构造剖面、不同的输入地震波及不同的峰值加速度水平，共进行了507种组合的场地地震反应分析。分析表明：对于给定的输入地震动条件，当软弱表层土的厚度超过一定界限值时，地表加速度峰值及放大系数的变化已不很明显；当软弱表层土的厚度超过一定界限值时，加速度放大系数会小于1。也即软弱表层土可起到减震的作用；对于同一场地，输入地震动强度越大，此软表层厚度值越小。对于给定的输入地震动和峰值加速度水平，随着软弱夹层埋深的增加，地表加速度峰值和放大系数入都有减小的趋势，当埋深超过一定值后，地表加速度放大系数小于1．0；软弱夹层厚度对地表加速度峰值的影响与软弱夹层所处位置有关。 相似文献
2.
地震动输入界面的选取对深软场地地震效应的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以天津和上海两个典型的深厚软弱场地为研究背景,探讨了地震动输入界面对场地地表地震动参数的影响。对于场地1(天津)和场地2(上海),分别选择7个和8个剪切波速(υs)大小不同的土层位置作为地震动输入界面,并选用Taft、Northridge地震加速度记录和南京人工波作为输入地震动,将Taft波、Northridge波和南京人工波的加速度峰值水平调整为0．35m／s^2、0．70m／s^2和0．98m／s^2,用SHAKE91程序对这两个场地进行了不同的地震动输入界面、输入地震波和峰值加速度水平的128种组合的场地地震反应分析。与从假想基岩面(υs≥500m／s)输入地震动的结果(假想的实际值)相比,可得到如下结论：(1)随着地震动输入界面深度(剪切波速)的增加,场地地表加速度反应谱逐渐地向实际值接近;(2)地震动输入界面的深度相同时,地震动加速度峰值水平越高,两者的加速度反应谱谱值的相对差异也越大;(3)对于一般建筑物,可以把剪切波速为400m／s左右的土层作为地震动输入界面;对于中长周期的建筑物,则应慎重选择地震动输入界面,最好选取υs≥500m／s^2的土层或基岩面作为地震动输入界面。 相似文献
3.
在北京工业大学振动台台阵系统上开展了一系列锯末混合土地基自由场振动台模型试验,试验中模型箱采用装配式连续体刚性模型箱,试验中输入地震动时程采用El Centro地震动记录、Taft地震动记录和天津地震动记录,地震动输入方向分为水平单向和水平双向。文中,重点考察了双向地震动输入下锯末混合土模型场地的动力特性及其变化规律,主要指标包括模型场地地震动反应的峰值加速度及其动力放大系数、加速度时程及其傅氏谱。试验结果表明:随着输入地震动强度的增大,同一测点反应的峰值加速度总体上在增大,而其加速度动力放大系数总体上呈现减小的趋势,反应的频谱组成从较高频率向较低频率移动;双向地震作用下锯末混合土模型场地的动力变化规律与单向地震作用下较为一致。 相似文献
4.
深厚场地上特大桥墩-群桩-土相互作用体系地震反应特性的二维和三维分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
本文以某特大型跨江大桥主墩为研究对象,对相应于抗震设防水准为1000a和2500a地震重现期的6条人工地震波,首先采用一维波动模型分析了主桥墩场地的地震动效应,进而,采用二维整体有限元法和三维子结构有限元法对特大桥墩-群桩-土相互作用体系的地震反应进行了数值计算,分析了桩体不同深度处的地震加速度反应峰值、反应谱特征,探讨了深厚软弱场地上特大桥墩-群桩-土动力相互作用效应对群桩地震反应的影响。结果表明：桥墩场地的深厚软弱覆盖层对输入地震波具有明显的滤波和放大效应;由于特大桥墩-群桩-土体动力相互作用的影响,二维和三维计算得到的桩体加速度反应峰值较同高程处的自由场加速度反应大,且两者的频谱特性有显著的差别,群桩加速度反应峰值的空间分布与输入地震波特性有很大关系,不同桩在同一高程处的加速度反应峰值可能相差20％以上;二维和三维地震反应分析结果之间存在一定的差距,群桩中桩体的加速度反应峰值平均相差10％-25％左右,但两种方法得到的加速度反应峰值沿高程的分布具有相似的规律性。 相似文献
5.
为了研究穿越纵向非均匀场地的沉管隧道地震反应规律,进行了沉管隧道穿越砂土-黏土场地和均匀砂土场地两种工况的振动台试验。沉管隧道模型材料主要为微粒混凝土和镀锌钢丝,接头材料为橡胶,模型缩尺比为1/30,采用层叠剪切箱装填黏土和砂土构成纵向非均匀场地,输入荷载为不同峰值的El Centro波和Kobe波。采集土层和隧道不同观测点处的加速度和应变等数据并进行分析,研究在不同性质土层中的沉管隧道地震反应的特点,分析纵向非均匀场地对于沉管隧道地震反应的影响。试验结果表明砂土和黏土不同的动力特性会导致沉管隧道地震反应各异:穿越非均匀场地沉管隧道加速度反应、应变反应和管节间相对位移反应明显异于均匀场地沉管隧道,且在输入不同峰值的地震波下呈现不同规律。试验结果可供沉管隧道抗震设计参考。 相似文献
6.
基于量纲分析理论,提出地震作用下环行吊车缩尺模型动力响应的相似准则,确定核环吊原型和实验模型之间动力响应的相似关系。根据抗震规范要求和相似准则,采用El Centro 1979地震波作为实验台地震输入,对振动台震动输入进行调幅处理,水平地震输入幅值为0.3g,竖向地震输入幅值为0.2g,地震输入的时间缩尺为4。核环吊抗震实验结果表明,与实验台地震输入峰值相对比,吊车大梁跨中水平加速度峰值增加了56.0%,跨中竖向的加速度峰值增加了119.0%;环轨水平加速度峰值增加了66.7%,环轨竖向的加速度峰值增加了43.5%。研究表明,当水平地震波的输入方向与吊车大梁轴线相垂直时,吊车大梁跨中水平加速度峰值最大;当水平地震波的输入方向与吊车大梁轴线相平行时,环轨的水平加速度峰值最大;环轨的垂直加速度峰值受水平地震波的输入方向影响不显著。在地震荷载作用下,核环吊没有发生跳轨现象。 相似文献
7.
《华南地震》2017,(2)
基于深圳市前海自贸区填海场地某一典型的含软弱淤泥夹层钻孔剖面,对填海场地中软弱夹层的厚度和埋深对地面运动特性的影响进行分析。将原软弱夹层按2 m、4 m、6 m、8 m、10 m厚度,0 m(地表)、5 m、10 m、15 m、20 m、30 m、45 m(层底)埋深,构造出35个土层模型。利用土层一维等效线性化分析方法对上述35个土层模型进行不同超越概率地震动输入下的地震反应分析,结果表明:当输入地震动一定时,随着软弱夹层埋深的增加,地表加速度峰值放大倍数k逐渐减小,埋深超过一定深度后,k值小于1;随着软弱夹层的厚度增大,加速度峰值放大倍数k先增显大后减小;随着输入地震动的增大,各工况下地震地表加速度峰值放大倍数k相应都减小,地表加速度峰值减小明显。 相似文献
8.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(2)
基于间接边界元法,首先采用Ricker波作为输入波,分别研究了SH波入射时均匀半空间凸起场地、两侧含覆盖土层的岩质凸起场地、匀质土质凸起场地、异质土质凸起场地的波传播特征,同时比较了凸起地形与土层对Ricker波的放大效应,研究表明,覆盖土层能增强场地对地震动的散射和反射效应并延长地震动持时,土层对地震动的放大效应比凸起地形对地震动的放大效应更为显著。在此基础上进一步以Taft波、El Centro波和天津波作为输入地震动,研究了异质土质凸起场地的地震响应,就本文所考虑的模型而言,这3种地震动输入下得到的凸起场地对地表加速度反应谱峰值的放大幅度分别为102.9%、149.9%和186.7%,大大高于建筑抗震设计规范中为考虑地形效应而对水平地震影响系数最大值进行增幅的取值。 相似文献
9.
为了研究地震作用下特高压塔线耦联体系导线、地线的非线性振动响应,文中以单向和双向一致激励为主,通过输入不同加速度幅值的El Centro波、Taft波、Pasadena波及上海人工波,对某型特高压输电塔线耦联体系进行了缩尺模型振动台试验.试验主要分2种工况:将导线作为集中质量进行计算的方法以及挂有实际分裂导线模型的方法.试验结果表明:两种体系中塔体结构动力特性存在差别;地震作用下,挂线单塔各项动力反应峰值比相应的单塔悬挂集中质量有不同程度的降低,8度罕遇地震时较为显著,导线的非线性振动效应有利于该型输电塔动力反应幅值的降低.挂线单塔与挂集中质量单塔不同方向的加速度能量谱分布规律存在较大差异. 相似文献
10.
模型储罐三维地震反应振动台试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对立式钢制模型罐,进行了三维地震激励和一维地震激励振动台的动响应试验研究。结果表明:储罐在三维地震动激励下的反应与一维激励相比,加速度反应、罐壁的应变反应、储罐提离反应具有较明显的放大效应。位移反应在不同地震激励下,其放大效应不同,El Centro波激励下各测点三维激励下位移较一维激励下位移放大明显,Taft、天津波激励下各测点三维激励下位移较一维激励下位移有放大也有缩小,幅度均不大。由罐壁测点加速度功率谱分析表明:一维激励其峰值频率区域较为集中,主峰突出,能量主要集中于低频区;在三维地震激励下,频率峰值区域明显拉长,峰值点模糊,频率成份十分丰富,表现出多主峰的特点。 相似文献
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12.
The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
13.
Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
14.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
15.
V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
16.
Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
17.
Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
18.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
19.
Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
20.
Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献