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K. A. Rogachev 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(9):993-998
Eddies with diameters of 4–40 km are formed near headlands running out into the sea in bays of the Shantar Archipelago. Such eddies play an important part in the dispersion of ice and plankton. The formation of these eddies is studied based on satellite and marine observations. To construct velocity vectors, images from the Aqua and Terra satellites were used (the data of channel 1 of the MODIS radiometer with a spatial resolution of 250 m). The measurements of currents were made by sequential satellite images with an interval of about 100 min. Large ice floes were chosen to determine currents by satellite data. Vectors of ice displacement were constructed and their velocities were calculated for each pair of images. The flow convergence is estimated using these data. The marine observations include direct observations of currents and CTD data. The observations of currents were obtained with electromagnetic meters mounted on anchored buoys. The results of direct observations point to tidal currents as the main mechanism for the formation of short-lived but regular convergence regions associated with headland eddies. 相似文献
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协同主动学习和半监督方法的海冰图像分类 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海冰遥感光谱影像分类中标签样本难以获取,导致海冰分类精度难以提高,但是大量包含丰富信息的未标签样本却没有得到充分利用,针对这种情况,提出一种协同主动学习和半监督学习方法用于海冰遥感图像分类。在主动学习部分,结合最优标号和次优标号、自组织映射神经网络以及增强的聚类多样性算法来选择兼具不确定性和差异性的样本参与训练;在半监督学习部分,利用直推式支持向量机,并且融合主动学习思想从大量未标签样本中选取相对可靠且包含一定信息量的样本进行迭代训练;然后协同主动学习分类结果和半监督分类结果,通过一致性验证保证所加入伪标签样本的正确性。为了验证方法的有效性,分别采用巴芬湾地区30 m分辨率的Hyperion高光谱数据(验证数据为15 m分辨率的Landsat-8数据)和辽东湾地区15 m分辨率的Landsat-8数据(验证数据为4.77 m分辨率的Google Earth数据)进行海冰分类实验。实验结果表明,相对其他传统方法,该协同分类方法可以在只有少量标签样本的情况下,充分利用大量未标签样本中包含的信息,实现快速收敛,并获得较高的分类精度(两个实验的总体精度分别为90.003%和93.288%),适用于海冰遥感图像分类。 相似文献
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针对无控制点条件下测绘卫星影像区域网平差迭代难以收敛和影像重叠区域存在接边误差的问题,提出了一种基于基准影像的区域网平差方法。利用资源三号卫星影像进行无控制点条件下的区域网平差时,相对于LEVENBERG MARQUARDT算法,基于基准影像的区域网平差方法能得到较为稳定的平差解和较好的平差精度。为进一步验证方法的适用性,利用异轨长条带天绘一号卫星影像数据进行无控制点条件下的区域网平差。实验结果表明,基于基准影像的区域网平差方法显著优化了卫星影像的内部符合精度,为下一级卫星测绘产品的高精度处理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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The resolution of the sea-ice component of a coarse-resolution global ocean general circulation model (GCM) has been enhanced to about 22 km in the Southern Ocean. The ocean GCM is designed for long-term integrations suitable for investigations of the deep-ocean equilibrium response to changes in southern hemisphere high-latitude processes. The space and time scales of the high-resolution sea-ice component are commensurate with those of the resolution of satellite passive-microwave sea-ice data. This provides the opportunity for a rigorous evaluation of simulated sea-ice characteristics. It is found that the satellite-derived continuous high ice concentration of the interior winter ice pack can only be captured when vertical oceanic mixing is modified in a way that less local, intermittent convection occurs. Furthermore, the width and the variability of the coastal polynyas around the Antarctic continent and its ice shelves are best captured when some form of ice-shelf melting is accounted for. The width of the wintertime ice edge is reasonably reproduced, while its variability remains underestimated, closely following the coarse-grid pattern of the ocean model due to its high dependence on ocean temperature. Additional variability besides daily winds, e.g. in form of idealized tidal currents, improves the temporal and spatial ice-edge variability, while leads in the interior ice pack become more abundant, more in line with the fine-scale satellite-derived texture. The coast- or ice-shelf line is described on the fine grid based on satellite passive-microwave data. This method requires parts of a coarse coastal ocean grid cell to be covered by an inert layer of “fast ice” or “ice shelf”. Reasonable long-term global deep-ocean properties can only be achieved when these areas are not inert, i.e. are exposed to heat flux and ice growth, or when the vertical mixing parameterization allows for excessive open-ocean convection. The model area exposed to cold high-latitude atmospheric conditions thus being most decisive for a realistic representation of the long-term deep-ocean properties, suggests that high-latitude coastlines are definitely in need of being represented at high resolution, including ice sheets and their effects on the heat and freshwater flux for the ocean. 相似文献
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一种融合纹理特征与NDVI的随机森林海冰精细分类方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海冰的精准分类对于掌握海冰生长发育状况,保障航海安全等具有重要意义。由于受数据源和分类方法等影响,使得海冰分类精度提高受限。本文面向高空间分辨率的光学遥感影像,提出了一种融合纹理特征和归一化差分植被指数（NDVI）的海冰精准分类方法,运用随机森林分类器构建海冰分类方法。以青岛胶州湾为实验区,高分二号（GF-2）为实验数据,进行了海冰类型提取,并与其他分类方法进行对比。结果显示:针对GF-2高分辨率光学遥感数据,融合纹理特征和NDVI的随机森林方法,相比于传统的随机森林、支持向量机、自动决策树和融合纹理特征的最大似然分类方法,总体分类精度分别提高13.70%、11.60%、19.22%、29.37%。Kappa系数分别提高0.16、0.13、0.22、0.44。相比于融合纹理特征和归一化水指数（NDWI）的随机森林方法,总体分类精度提高了9.67%,Kappa系数提高了0.09。这表明本文构建的海冰分类方法可有效提高海冰分类精度,为海冰的精确分类提供了一种有效的技术手段。 相似文献
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A sea ice extent retrieval algorithm over the polar area based on scatterometer data of HY-2A satellite has been established.Four parameters are used for distinguishing between sea ice and ocean with Fisher's linear discriminant analysis method.The method is used to generate polar sea ice extent maps of the Arctic and Antarctic regions of the full 2013–2014 from the scatterometer aboard HY-2A(HY-2A-SCAT) backscatter data.The time series of the ice mapped imagery shows ice edge evolution and indicates a similar seasonal change trend with total ice area from DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder(SSMIS) sea ice concentration data.For both hemispheres,the HY-2A-SCAT extent correlates very well with SSMIS 15% extent for the whole year period.Compared with Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imagery,the HY-2A-SCAT ice extent shows good correlation with the Sentinel-1 SAR ice edge.Over some ice edge area,the difference is very evident because sea ice edges can be very dynamic and move several kilometers in a single day. 相似文献
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综合考虑欧拉坐标下有限差分法(FDM)在海冰动力学计算中的效率,以及拉格朗日坐标下光滑质点流体动力学方法(SPH)对海冰流变行为的精确模拟,本文发展了一种海冰动力学的混合拉格朗日-欧拉(HLE)数值方法。该方法首先在拉格朗日坐标下将海冰离散为若干个具有厚度、密集度的海冰质点,并由这些海冰质点通过Gauss函数对欧拉网格上的海冰参量进行积分插值;然后,在欧拉坐标下对海冰动量方程进行差分计算以确定各网格节点的海冰速度,并由此采用Gauss函数积分插值出拉格朗日坐标下各海冰质点的速度分布;最后,通过对海冰质点运动和分布的计算,确定出各海冰质点的位置、厚度和密集度等参量。采用该HLE方法对规则区域内的海冰堆积过程和涡动风场作用下的海冰动力演化趋势进行了数值试验;最后,采用该HLE方法对渤海海冰的动力过程进行了72h数值模拟,其计算结果与卫星遥感图像和现场观测资料吻合较好。以上计算结果均表明该HLE方法在海冰动力学数值模拟中具有较高的计算效率和模拟精度,可用于海冰动力过程的数值模拟。 相似文献
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Shorelines are recognized as unique features on Earth. They have valuable properties for a diverse user community. At present, photogrammetry is the most popular technique used to capture a shoreline. With improved resolution and accuracy, commercial high-resolution satellite imagery is demonstrating a great potential in the photogrammetry application domain. One example is the utilization of IKONOS satellite imagery in shoreline extraction. IKONOS panchromatic imagery has a resolution of approximately one meter as well as the capabilities of stereo imaging. This article presents the results of an experiment in which we attempted to improve IKONOS Rational Functions (RF) for a better ground accuracy and to employ the improved RF for 3-D shoreline extraction using 1-meter panchromatic stereo images in a Lake Erie coastal area. Two approaches were investigated. One was to rectify the ground coordinates derived from vendor-provided RF coefficients using ground control points (GCPs). The other was to refine the RF coefficients using the GCPs. We compare the results from these two approaches. An assessment of the shoreline extracted from IKONOS images compared with the existing shoreline is also conducted to demonstrate the potential of the IKONOS imagery for shoreline mapping. 相似文献
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3-D Shoreline Extraction from IKONOS Satellite Imagery 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shorelines are recognized as unique features on Earth. They have valuable properties for a diverse user community. At present, photogrammetry is the most popular technique used to capture a shoreline. With improved resolution and accuracy, commercial high-resolution satellite imagery is demonstrating a great potential in the photogrammetry application domain. One example is the utilization of IKONOS satellite imagery in shoreline extraction. IKONOS panchromatic imagery has a resolution of approximately one meter as well as the capabilities of stereo imaging. This article presents the results of an experiment in which we attempted to improve IKONOS Rational Functions (RF) for a better ground accuracy and to employ the improved RF for 3-D shoreline extraction using 1-meter panchromatic stereo images in a Lake Erie coastal area. Two approaches were investigated. One was to rectify the ground coordinates derived from vendor-provided RF coefficients using ground control points (GCPs). The other was to refine the RF coefficients using the GCPs. We compare the results from these two approaches. An assessment of the shoreline extracted from IKONOS images compared with the existing shoreline is also conducted to demonstrate the potential of the IKONOS imagery for shoreline mapping. 相似文献
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星载SAR对雨团催生海面风场的观测研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
雨团或对流雨是热带与亚热带地区的主要降雨形式,较易被高分辨率星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）探测到。SAR图像上的雨团足印是由大气中雨滴的散射与吸收、下沉气流等共同导致形成的。本文以RADARSAT-2卫星100 m分辨率的SAR图像上雨团引起的海面风场及其结构反演与解译作为实例进行分析。使用CMOD4地球物理模式函数,分别以NCEP再分析数据、欧洲MetOp-A卫星先进散射计（ASCAT）和中国HY-2卫星微波散射计的风向为外部风向,进行了SAR图像的海面风场反演。反演的海面风速相对于NCEP、ASCAT和HY-2的均方根误差（RMSE）分别为1.48 m/s,1.64 m/s和2.14 m/s。SAR图像上一侧明亮另一侧昏暗的圆形信号图斑被解译为雨团携带的下沉气流对海面风场（海面粗糙度）的改变所致。平行于海面背景风场其通过雨团圆形足印中心的剖面上的风速变化可拟合为正弦或余弦曲线,其拟合线性相关系数均不低于0.80。背景风场的风速大小、雨团引起的风速大小以及雨团足印的直径可利用拟合曲线获得,雨团足印的直径大小一般为数千米或数十千米,本文的8例个例解译与分析均验证了该结论。 相似文献
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A hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian(HLE) method is developed for sea ice dynamics,which combines the high computational efficiency of finite difference method(FDM) with the high numerical accuracy of smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH).In this HLE model,the sea ice cover is represented by a group of Lagrangian ice particles with their own thicknesses and concentrations.These ice variables are interpolated to the Eularian gird nodes using the Gaussian interpolation function.The FDM is used to determine the ice velocities at Eulerian grid nodes,and the velocities of Lagrangian ice particles are interpolated from these grid velocities with the Gaussian function also.The thicknesses and concentrations of ice particles are determined based on their new locations.With the HLE numerical model,the ice ridging process in a rectangular basin is simulated,and the simulated results are validated with the analytical solution.This method is also applied to the simulation of sea ice dynamics in a vortex wind field.At last,this HLE model is applied to the Bohai Sea,and the simulated concentration,thickness and velocity match the satellite images and the field observed data well. 相似文献
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N. Steunou J. D. Desjonquères N. Picot P. Sengenes J. Noubel J. C. Poisson 《Marine Geodesy》2015,38(3):22-42
On 25 February 2013, the SARAL satellite was launched from the Indian Sriharikota launch site. The key feature of the altimetric payload has been the selection of Ka-band. Using Ka-band avoids the need for a second frequency to correct for the ionosphere delay and eases the sharing of the antenna by the altimeter and the radiometer. The use of the Ka-band also allows the improvement of the range measurement accuracy in a ratio close to 2 due to the use of a wider bandwidth and to a better pulse to pulse echo decorrelation. Eventually, Ka-band antenna aperture is reduced, which limits the pollution within useful ground footprint. A summary of the results obtained during the in-flight assessment phase is given. All the tracking modes have also been gone through. Eventually, a new high data rate mode, called “HD mode” is implemented on AltiKa and has been used. The performance assessment is excellent: the range measurement accuracy is close to 1 cm for 1s averaging and the Significant Wave Height (SWH) noise is less than 5 cm (for a 2m SWH at 1?). The tracking success is close to 100% over oceans and 96% over all surfaces. 相似文献
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The HY-1A satellite is the first oceanic satellite of China. During the winter of 2002～2003, the data of the HY-1A were applied to the sea ice monitoring and forecasting for the Bohai Sea of China for the first time. The sea ice retrieval system of the HY-1A has been constructed. It receives 1B data from the satellite, outputs sea ice images and provides digital products of ice concentration, ice thickness and ice edge, which can be used as important information for sea ice monitoring and the initial fields of the numeric sea ice forecast and as one of the reference data for the sea ice forecasting verification. The sea ice retrieval system of the satellite is described, including its processes, methods and parameters. The retrieving results and their application to the sea ice monitoring and forecasting for the Bohai Sea are also discussed. 相似文献
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The HY-1A satellite is the first oceanic satellite of China. During the winter of 2002-2003, the data of the HY-1A were applied to the sea ice monitoring and forecasting for the Bohai Sea of China for the fhst time. The sea ice retrieval system of the HY-1A has been constructed. It receives 1B data from the satellite, outputs sea ice images and provides digital products of ice concentration, ice thickness and ice edge, which can be used as important information for sea ice monitoring and the initial fields of the numeric sea ice forecast and as one of the reference data for the sea ice forecasting verification. The sea ice retrieval system of the satellite is described, including its processes, methods and parameters. The retrieving results and their application to the sea ice monitoring and forecasting for the Bohai Sea are also discussed. 相似文献
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G. A. Avanesov I. V. Polyansky B. S. Zhukov A. V. Nikitin A. A. Forsh 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2013,49(9):1057-1068
The multispectral satellite imaging system (MSIS) aboard the Meteor-M No. 1 spacecraft (SC) has surveyed the territory of Russia and neighboring countries in three-bands of the visible and near-IR ranges with a resolution of 60/120 m in a swath of more than 900 km for three years. The MSIS data, supple-mented by synchronous navigational information, are automatically received, pipeline processed, archived, and cataloged at ground-based receiving stations in Moscow, Novosibirsk, and Khabarovsk. These data are used to solve a wide range of land-use, environmental, and emergency monitoring problems; assess ice situations in seas, rivers, and lakes; etc. The further development of imaging instruments for operational monitoring is aimed at increasing its resolution to 20–30 m in a simultaneously expanded swath of 1600–1800 km, allowing for imaging of most of the territory of Russia with inter-orbit overlapping. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》1999,46(6-7):1169-1198
Simulations from a coupled ice–ocean model that highlight the importance of synoptic forcing on sea-ice dynamics are described. The ocean model is a non-hydrostatic primitive equation model coupled to a dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model. The ice modelling sensitivity study presented here is part of an ongoing research programme to define the role played by sea ice in the energy balance of the Greenland Sea. The different categories of sea ice found in the subpolar regions are simulated through the use of equations for thin ice, thick ice and the Marginal Ice Zone. A basin scale numerical model of the Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian Seas has a horizontal resolution of 20 km and a vertical grid spacing of 50 m. This resolution is adequate for resolving the mesoscale topographic structures known to control the circulation in this region. The spin-up reproduces the main features of the circulation, including the cyclonic gyres in the Norwegian and Greenland Basins and Iceland Plateau. Topographic steering of the flow is evident. The baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation is between 5 and 10 km so that the model is not eddy-resolving. The coupled ice–ocean model was run for a period of two weeks. The influence of horizontal resolution of the atmospheric model was tested by comparing simulations using six hourly wind fields from the ECMWF with those generated using six hourly fields from a HIRLAM, with horizontal resolutions of 1° and 0.18° respectively. The simulations show reasonable agreement with satellite ice compactness data and data of ice transports across sections at 79°N, 75°N and Denmark Strait. 相似文献