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槽波地震勘探利用槽波的频散特性反演煤层的结构特征,故理论频散曲线的计算是一个重要方面.使用水平层状模型假设下的面波频散曲线计算方法能够计算煤层厚度恒定模型地震槽波频散曲线;但当煤层厚度变化时该方法不再适用.基于前人水平层状均匀介质模型的面波理论频散曲线计算方法,对于含煤三层模型,本文发展了煤层厚度变化情况下的地震槽波理论频散曲线计算方法,并使用该方法计算分析了不同厚度函数模型的频散曲线形态特征.研究表明：与稳定厚度煤层相比,煤层厚度变化使得地震槽波群速度成为与频率及传播射线在水平面投影路径相关的二元函数;射线路径上煤层厚度的变化使得频散曲线在群速度方向上压缩,群速度变化范围变小,且使处于最小值位置的埃里相群速度增大;而煤层厚度的线性变化模型频散曲线只与射线首、尾处的煤层厚度有关,与煤层厚度恒定模型相比,曲线形态不发生改变;煤层厚度呈非线性变化时,频散曲线形态上可能发生改变. 相似文献
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煤层中存在的裂隙会导致介质表现为各向异性,本文以HTI型煤层为例,结合各向异性介质弹性矩阵和各向异性裂隙理论,推导出不同充填物的垂直裂隙中各向异性参数表达式,将其应用于地震波响应分析;通过改进的交错网格差分法和各向异性Christoffel方程波场分解法,得到地震波合成记录和分解后的P波和SV波记录;将Thomsen群速度与相速度公式,经过坐标轴旋转变换,得到HTI型煤层中不同各向异性参数的地震波速度响应表达式;建立不同类型煤层地质模型,分析了裂隙密度、裂隙充填物以及煤层厚度等参数变化时的地震波响应特征.研究结果为分析垂向裂隙各向异性薄煤层地震波传播规律提供工具,为选用相应地震数据进行地震波各向异性参数反演提供依据. 相似文献
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利用Rayleigh波反演浅土层的剪切波速度结构 总被引：25，自引：7，他引：18
根据均匀半空间Rayleigh波相速度与介质剪切波速度之间的关系,对某一频率面波的影响深度内各层介质进行"均匀"化,使其等效于均匀半空间．并利用模型进行正演,以确定在这种均匀化的前提下,面波勘探深度与波长的关系．应用相匹配滤波技术从实测面波信号中分离出基阶Rayleigh波信号,对它进行多重滤波和叠加处理,精确地计算出5．0-30．0Hz之间的基阶面波相、群速度频散．使用"均匀"化的方法,从相速度频散曲线中获得反演的初始模型,利用群速度频散反演得到35m以上各土层的剪切波速度结构．结果表明,反演结果与钻孔资料较为吻合 相似文献
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频率-贝塞尔变换方法(Frequency-Bessel Transform method,简称F-J方法)是一种分析微动信号的新方法,由于该方法采用频率矢量波数变换处理水平层状各向同性弹性模型中时空平稳随机分布的微动信号,所以从理论上可以提取出清晰的瑞利波基阶和高阶模态频散曲线,但是目前还没有相关的野外实验对此进行研究和应用.本文首先采用该方法对上海市苏州河地区采集的城市微动信号进行处理获得了频率-相速度谱,然后提取了多模态瑞利波频散曲线,最后通过粒子群算法对频散曲线进行联合反演,得到了浅地表0~70 m深度范围的S波速度结构,并且利用钻孔数据对反演的速度结构进行了验证.另外,本文还通过对比F-J方法和传统的SPAC(SPatial AutoCorrelation method)方法分别提取的频散曲线,展示了F-J方法在处理城市微动信号方面的优势.本文研究结果表明:(1)F-J方法可以从少量台站(21个台站)短时记录(1小时)的微动信号垂直分量中提取出清晰的基阶和高阶模态瑞利波频散曲线;(2)F-J方法提取的高阶模态频散曲线比传统SPAC方法提取的更加清晰,高频部分(>13 Hz)优势更为明显;(3)联合基阶和高阶模态频散曲线反演的浅地表速度结构更加精确,可以分辨出第四系沉积层中物性相差较小的速度界面和低速异常,在城市浅地表精细结构成像方面具有较好的应用前景. 相似文献
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煤层在顶板压实作用下水平裂隙近乎闭合,多垂向裂隙发育,因此将该类煤层等效为HTI介质,研究裂隙密度和填充物类型对方位AVO的影响,可以为预测裂隙提供理论依据,对煤田勘探有重要意义.本文基于Thomsen各向异性理论和模型等效理论建立上层为各向同性介质而下层为垂向裂隙发育的HTI煤层的正演模型,推导出适用于所建模型的更高精度反射系数近似公式对不同裂隙密度、不同填充物类型的模型进行方位AVO数值模拟,并利用反射系数进行地震记录合成;从反射系数空间曲面和地震记录两方面分析不同模型随着入射角、方位角、裂隙密度、裂隙填充物的改变而产生的不同地震响应.结果表明:裂隙密度的增大导致反射系数空间曲面波幅增大,地震记录波振幅增大;裂隙密度相同时,饱和水裂隙模型和干裂隙模型的反射系数空间曲面和合成地震记录存在显著差异;方位角为0°时,饱和水裂隙模型和干裂隙模型的反射系数差值达到0.2,分辨性较强;在方位角为0.时,入射角大于45.时地震记录差异最显著.测试数据中,含饱和水裂隙煤层的反射系数绝对值低于干裂隙煤层,地震记录的振幅也低于干裂隙煤层. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(3)
各向同性岩石中裂隙随机分布,施加单轴方向的压应力后,与压应力方向垂直的缝隙会优先闭合.应力作用下裂隙的闭合导致岩石呈现出横向各向异性的特征,进而影响弹性波的传播特征.前人对干燥岩石中应力引起的弹性波速度各向异性开展了大量研究,但未考虑充填流体对于应力诱导各向异性和弹性波传播的影响.弹性波通过应力作用的岩石时会诱导微孔隙结构上的"挤喷流"效应,从而造成弹性波显著的频散和衰减.在本文中,我们分析应力诱导各向异性岩石中挤喷流对弹性波传播的影响.利用硬币型裂隙模型,同时考虑挤喷流和应力诱导各向异性的影响,我们建立了应力作用下含流体岩石各向异性模型.基于本文的模型,我们研究了裂隙介质中单轴应力和充填流体对弹性波传播的影响.我们的模型成功预测了弹性波速度随应力的增加,同时表明了挤喷流造成纵波的各向异性频散更显著. 相似文献
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多重滤波方法已被证明在分析面波的频散特性时是一种有效而快速的方法。本文用单个台站的单次地震事件记录,应用MFT(Multiple Filter Technique)方法提取了内华达地区的面波频散曲线并分析了其特征,认为其具有大陆基振型瑞利波频散曲线的典型特征。还利用广义反透射系数法快速计算了瑞利面波频散曲线,尤其是基阶瑞利波相速度及群速度频散曲线;并且在由振型叠加方法合成的理论地震图的基础上,通过比较理论频散曲线和MFT方法得到的频散曲线,研究了多重滤波的可靠性。 相似文献
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We present dispersion curves, and amplitude-depth distributions of the fundamental and first higher mode of Love seam waves for two characteristic seam models. The first model consists of four layers, representing a coal seam underlain by a root clay of variable thickness. The second model consists of five layers, representing coal seams containing a dirt band with variable position and thickness. The simple three-layer model is used for reference. It is shown that at higher frequencies, depending on the thickness of the root clay and the dirt band, the coal layers alone act as a wave guide, whereas at low frequencies all layers act together as a channel. Depending on the thickness, and position of the dirt band and the root clay, in the dispersion curves of the group velocity, secondary minima grow in addition to the absolute minima. Furthermore, the dispersion curves of the group velocity of the two modes can overlap. In all these cases, wave groups in addition to the Airy phase of the fundamental mode (propagating with minimum group velocity) occur on the seismograms recorded in in-seam seismic surveys, thus impeding their interpretation. Hence, we suggest the estimation of the dispersion characteristics of Love seam waves in coal seams under investigation preceding actual field surveys. All numerical calculations were performed using a fast and stable phase recursion algorithm. 相似文献
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In-seam seismic survey currently is a hot geophysical exploration technology used for the prediction of coal seam thickness in China. Many studies have investigated the relationship between the group velocity of channel wave at certain frequency and the actual thickness of exposed coal beds. But these results are based on statistics and not universally applicable to predict the thickness of coal seams. In this study, we first theoretically analyzed the relationship between the depth and energy distribution of multi-order Love-type channel waves and found that when the channel wave wavelength is smaller than the thickness of the coal seam, the energy is more concentrated, while when the wavelength is greater than the thickness, the energy reduces linearly. We then utilized the numerical simulation technology to obtain the signal of the simulated Love-type channel wave, analyzed its frequency dispersion, and calculated the theoretical dispersion curves. The results showed that the dispersion characteristics of the channel wave are closely related to the thickness of coal seam, and the shear wave velocity of the coal seam and its surrounding rocks. In addition, we for the first time realized the joint inversion of multi-order Love-type channel waves based on the genetic algorithm and inversely calculated the velocities of shear wave in both coal seam and its surrounding rocks and the thickness of the coal seam. In addition, we found the group velocity dispersion curve of the single-channel transmitted channel wave using the time–frequency analysis and obtained the phase velocity dispersion curve based on the mathematical relationship between the group and phase velocities. Moreover, we employed the phase velocity dispersion curve to complete the inversion of the above method and obtain the predicted coal seam thickness. By comparing the geological sketch of the coal mining face, we found that the predicted coal seam thickness is in good agreement with the actual thickness. Overall, adopting the channel wave inversion method that creatively uses the complete dispersion curve can obtain the shear wave velocities of the coal and its surrounding rocks, and analyzing the depth of the abruptly changed shear wave velocity can accurately obtain the thickness of the coal seam. Therefore, our study proved that this inversion method is feasible to be used in both simulation experiments and actual detection. 相似文献
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Analysis of quality factors for Rayleigh channel waves 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
To facilitate investigation of the effect of imperfect elastic dissipation on thepropagation of Rayleigh-type channel waves and use of their quality factors in investigationsof the properties of coal seams, a simple method for calculating the quality factor QR isproposed in this paper. Introduction of complex velocities into the dispersion function allowscalculation of the dispersion function of Rayleigh-type channel waves in coal seams. By thecontrol variable method, we analyzed changes in QR with changes in coal seam thickness andP- and S-wave Q-factors within the coal seam and adjacent rock layers. The numerical resultsshow that the trend of the QR curve is consistent with the group velocity curve. The minimumQR value occurs at the Airy phase frequency; the Airy phase frequency decreases as coal seamthickness increases. The value of QR increases with increasing Qs2 （quality factor for S wavein coal seam）. We can compensate for the absorption of Rayleigh-type channel waves usingthe computed QR curve. Inversion of the QR curve can also be used to predict the thicknessesand litholoeies of coal seams. 相似文献
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气煤裂隙丰富,具有弹性各向异性,确定气煤弹性各向异性类型与大小,对煤田各向异性研究具有重要意义. 本文在对气煤煤样孔隙率测试的基础上,测量了顺煤层面、垂直于煤层面、与煤层面成45°三个方向上纵波速度（VP）和横波速度（VSH、VSV）,计算弹性常数. 对于具有垂向对称轴横向各向同性模型,各向异性系数平均值|ε|≤0.2、|δ|≤0.2和|γ|≤0.2,表明气煤是弱各向异性介质;对于横向对称轴横向各向异性模型,各向异性系数平均值ε(V)≈δ(V),按照Thomsen观点气煤各向异性是由椭圆裂隙引起弹性各向异性.本文还讨论了各向异性系数与孔隙率的关系,表明各向异性的大小与孔隙率之间有一定的关系. 因此当煤层厚度与其顶底板岩性不变或变化很小,可以认为气煤各向异性主要由裂隙引起的,气煤各向异性大小和方向能够反映煤的裂缝密度和方位. 相似文献
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Finite‐difference P‐SV simulations of seismic scattering characteristics of faulted coal‐seam models have been undertaken for near‐surface P‐ and S‐wave sources in an attempt to understand the efficiency of body‐wave to channel‐wave mode conversion and how it depends on the elastic parameters of the structure. The synthetic seismograms clearly show the groups of channel waves generated at the fault: one by the downgoing P‐wave and the other by the downgoing S‐wave. These modes travel horizontally in the seam at velocities less than the S‐wavespeed of the rock. A strong Airy phase is generated for the fundamental mode. The velocity contrast between the coal and the host rock is a more important parameter than the density contrast in controlling the amplitude of the channel waves. The optimal coupling from body‐wave energy to channel‐wave energy occurs at a velocity contrast of 1.5. Strong guided waves are produced by the incident S‐sources for source angles of 75° to 90° (close to the near‐side face of the fault). As the fault throw increases, the amplitude of the channel wave also increases. The presence of a lower‐velocity clay layer within the coal‐seam sequence affects the waveguiding characteristics. The displacement amplitude distribution is shifted more towards the lower‐wavespeed layer. The presence of a ‘washout’ zone or a brecciated zone surrounding the fault also results in greater forward scattering and channel‐wave capture by the coal seam. 相似文献
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Václav Bucha 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2012,56(2):533-552
We use Kirchhoff prestack depth migration to calculate migrated sections in 3-D simple anisotropic homogeneous velocity models in order to demonstrate the impact of anisotropy on migrated images. The recorded wave field is generated in models composed of two homogeneous layers separated by one either non-inclined or inclined curved interface. The anisotropy in the upper layer is triclinic. We apply Kirchhoff prestack depth migration to velocity models with different types of anisotropy: a triclinic anisotropic medium, an isotropic medium, transversely isotropic media with a horizontal (HTI) and vertical (VTI) symmetry axis. We observe asymmetry in migration caused by triclinic anisotropy and we show the errors of the migrated interface caused by inaccurate velocity models used for migration. The study is limited to P-waves. 相似文献
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在裂缝诱导各向异性理论研究中通常使用等效HTI介质来近似多组裂缝所引起的综合效应.由于构造运动的复杂性,多组裂缝普遍存在于地壳与油气储层中.为了研究多组裂缝的地震属性特征,分析常用的等效HTI模型对于多组裂缝近似精度及附加裂缝对介质属性特征的影响,本文利用线性滑移模型进行了多组垂直裂缝的单斜各向异性等效介质理论计算,并利用空间搜索方法求取与其最为接近的HTI介质各向异性弹性参数.重点研究了在两种各向异性介质中纵波速度、快慢横波速度和极化特征及其差异,量化分析附加裂缝对于地震属性如速度、极化方向和走时等的影响,研究对附加裂缝敏感的地震属性.此研究结果和方法为进一步研究多组裂缝的反演及识别方法提供基础,同时对于将高阶对称性各向异性介质中已存在的计算方法应用于低阶对称性时的适用程度、精度分析及相关方法研究具有重要作用. 相似文献
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In-seam seismic surveys with channel waves have been widely used in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to map coal-seams and to detect anomalous features such as dirt bands, seam thinning and thickening, and particularly in-seam faulting. Although the presence of cleat-induced anisotropy has been recognized in the past, almost all previous analyses have assumed homogeneous isotropic or transversely isotropic coal-seams. Channel waves, however, exhibit properties which cannot be fully explained without introducing anisotropy into the coal-seam. In particular, Love-type channel waves are observed for recording geometries where, in a homogeneous isotropic or transversely isotropic structure, the source would not be expected to excite transverse motion. Similarly, modes of channel-wave propagation display the coupled three-component motion of generalized modes in anisotropic substrates, which would not be expected for Rayleigh and Love wave motion in isotropy or in transversely isotropic media with azimuthal isotropy. We model the observed in-seam seismic channel waves with synthetic seismograms to gain an understanding of the effects of cleat-induced anisotropy on the behaviour of channel waves. The results show a reasonable good match with the observations in traveltime, relative amplitudes, dispersion characteristics and particle motions. We demonstrate that anisotropy in the surrounding country rocks contributes significantly to the coupling of channel wave particle motion, although its effect is not as strong as the anisotropy in the coal-seam. We conclude that the effects of cleat- and stress-induced anisotropy are observed and can be modelled with synthetic seismograms, and that anisotropy must be taken into account for the detailed interpretation of channel waves. 相似文献
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收集了安徽、江西、浙江、江苏、湖北和河南6个省的区域地震台网138个宽频地震台站以及中国地质大学(北京)在长江中下游成矿带布设的19个流动宽频地震台站的三分量背景噪声数据,利用背景噪声面波层析成像方法,获得了长江中下游成矿带及其邻区地壳三维剪切波速度结构和径向各向异性特征.首先获得了5~38s周期的瑞利波和勒夫波相速度,结果显示短周期(16s)的瑞利波和勒夫波相速度与研究区内的主要地质构造单元具有良好的相关性,但在中长周期(20~30s)瑞利波相速度显示大别造山带东部为明显低速特征,而勒夫波相速度并未表现出异常特征.研究区域地壳三维有效剪切波速度和径向各向异性结果显示:苏北盆地和江汉盆地上地壳都表现为低速和正径向各向异性特征,华北克拉通东南部也表现为正径向各向异性,这可能与盆地浅部沉积层的水平层理结构相关.大别造山带中地壳显示为弱的正径向各向异性,同时其东部下地壳显示为低剪切波速度和强的正径向各向特征,可能是由于其在造山后发生了中下地壳的流变变形,引起各向异性矿物近水平排列所导致的.长江中下游成矿带内的鄂东南和安庆—贵池矿集区中地壳弱的负径向各向异性可能是由于深部岩浆向上渗透时所产生的有限应力导致结晶各向异性矿物的垂直排列所引起的.整个长江中下游成矿带下地壳都表现出正径向各向异性特征,可能是由于在伸展拉张的构造作用力下,下地壳矿物的晶格优势水平排列所引起的. 相似文献
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采用与作者2014年发表的“大别-苏鲁及其邻近地区基于背景噪声的勒夫波群速度成像”文章相同的资料,用频时分析提取5 000余条瑞雷波和4 000余条勒夫波相速度频散曲线,反演得到了8—32 s的瑞雷波和勒夫波相速度分布图像．结果显示,瑞雷波与勒夫波相速度分布具有很好的一致性．8 s的相速度分布与地表构造特征相吻合,造山带与隆起区均表现为高速,盆地因其规模不同而显示不同程度的低速．随着周期的增大,大别 苏鲁的高速带由强变弱,但始终存在．16—24 s的高速可能主要受到中地壳高速的控制,而32 s的高速则可能与上地幔顶部的高速有关．比较大别造山带与苏鲁造山带的平均频散曲线,发现大别造山带和苏鲁造山带的勒夫波频散曲线均高于AK135模型计算的理论频散曲线,而瑞雷波则没有这一现象. 这可能意味着两个地区有比较强烈的径向各向异性． 相似文献