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1.
使用2种不同蛋白源配方的饲料投喂卵形鲳Chan。结果表明：投喂豆粕型饲料与投喂鱼粉型饲料在平均尾重，平均日增重、平均饲料系系等生长指标上无显著差异（P＞0．05），两者的成活率，鱼获得量则存在显著差异（P＜0．05）。说明海水网箱养殖卵形鲳Chan饲料的蛋白来源可利用植物蛋白代替动物蛋白。 相似文献
2.
南海水体三项无机氮含量的垂直变化特征及与其他环境要素的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
据南海环境调查资料，研究了南海水体NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N、DIN含量及无机氮组成的垂直变化规律．结果表明：NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N、DIN含量范围和均值分别为0．00～43．9，12．32；0．00～1．69，0．07；0．17-14．87，1．32；0．35～45．92，13．73μmol／dm^3．其含量分布与垂直变化特征与深海、大洋的相似，表明南海水是太平洋的变性水体．NO3-N、DIN含量的垂直分布跃层出现于75～500m间，夏季的跃层强度分别为6．61X10-’、6．68×1012Ixmol／（dm’·m），冬季的均为5．65×10^-2μmol／（dm^3·m）；NO2-N含量的最大值多出现于75～100m之间，NH4-N含量的最大值出现在0m层．在浮游植物活动较旺盛的真光层中，NH4-N为无机氮的主要存在形态（平均占比为64．4％）．真光层以下NO3-N为无机氮的主要存在形态（平均占比≥90．8％）．对三项无机氮含量与其他生源要素、水文因子的相关分析结果表明，NO3-N含量与PO4-P、TDP、TP、SiO3-Si、S均呈显著正相关，与pH、DO、O2％、t则呈显著负相关． 相似文献
3.
研究了不同饵料种类(小沙丁鱼肉-NSF,鳗鱼配合饲料-CEFF,海水鱼配合饲料-CMFF)和摄食水平(从饥饿至饱食)对军曹鱼 Rachycentron canadum 幼鱼(平均初始体重约28g)生长和氮收支的影响,并建立了不同饵料种类时的生长-摄食关系和氮排泄-摄食关系.结果表明,投喂3种不同饵料的军曹鱼幼鱼湿重、干重和氮特定生长率均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势,其中,投喂NSF和CEFF组的特定生长率与摄食水平之间表现为减速增长曲线,投喂CMFF组的表现为直线;饱食时,投喂NSF和CEFF组的特定生长率接近而明显高于投喂CMFF组.投喂NSF和CEFF组的食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而增长或呈先增长后下降的趋势,在饱食或次饱食(约为饱食量的70%)摄食水平组有最大值,而投喂CMFF组的食物转化效率随摄食水平的增加而持续增长,在饱食摄食水平时有最大值;除食物湿重转化效率外,投喂NSF组的食物转化效率最高,其次为投喂CEFF组,而两者均明显高于投喂CMFF组.3个饵料组的军曹鱼幼鱼摄食氮、排粪氮、生长氮和排泄氮均随摄食水平的增加呈显著增长趋势;投喂NSF和CEFF组的摄食氮、生长氮和排泄氮明显高于投喂CMFF组,而投喂CMFF组的排粪氮最高,其次为投喂CEFF组,且两者明显高于投喂NSF组.军曹鱼幼鱼投喂NSF、CEFF和CMFF时饱食和次饱食摄食水平的氮收支方程分别为:100CN=1.1(0.9)FN+27.0(29.3)GN+71.9(69.8)UN、100CN=5.2(4.3)FN+27.0(28.7)GN+67.8(67.0)UN和100CN=9.9(8.4)FN+21.6(10.1)GN+68.5(81.5)UN(氮收支方程括号中的为次饱食数据);3个饵料组军曹鱼幼鱼饱时和次饱食时摄食氮中用于排粪的比例较小且变化不大,投喂NSF和CEFF组次饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例较饱食时略大而用于排泄的比例较饱食时略小,但投喂CMFF组饱食时摄食氮中用于生长的比例明显高于而用于排泄的比例明显低于次饱食摄食水平时.因此,军曹鱼幼鱼的氮排泄和氮收支方程受摄食水平和饵料种类双重因素的影响,但不管投喂何种饵料,摄食氮增大是导致鱼类氮排泄增加的主要原因.综合考虑生长、食物转化效率、氮排泄和氮收支方程各因素,军曹鱼由幼鱼优先选择投喂的饵料为NSF,其次为CEFF,在本实验的生长阶段,两者的适宜投喂水平以占饱食量的70%-100%为佳. 相似文献
4.
污损生物对大亚湾养殖扇贝的食物吸收及营养盐排泄的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
污损生物是影响贝类养殖业生产效率的重要因素。附着在养殖生物贝壳上的污损生物影响养殖生物的生长和存活。大部分污损生物是滤食性捕食者，这些污损生物附着在养殖生物贝壳上竞争食物与空间导致贝类生长速度减慢。本实验主要研究有污损生物附着的扇贝及没有污损附着的扇贝在摄食及排泄上的差异，用以说明污损生物对养殖生物摄食及排泄的影响。本研究对chlorophylla和TPM的吸收速率进行了测定，对NH4-N，NO2-N，NO3-N，PO4-P的排泄速率进行了测定，对摄食的浮游植物进行了种类鉴定。研究结果表明，有污损生物附着的扇贝及没有污损附着的扇贝在对浮游植物及颗粒物的吸收速率上存在明显差异（P〈0．001）。在氨及亚硝态氮排泄速率上也存在明显差异（P〈0．001）。两者吸收NO3-N，且吸收速率无差异。通过对摄食的浮游植物种类的鉴定表明，有污损生物附着的扇贝摄食的浮游植物种类要高于没有污损附着的扇贝，且摄食种类有重叠。对同一类的某些浮游植物，有污损生物附着的扇贝的摄食要高于干净扇贝。本研究结果表明，污损生物对浮游植物的摄食及水中氨氮浓度的提高贡献很大，与养殖生物之间存在食物竞争。 相似文献
5.
赤点石斑鱼人工配合铒料中蛋白质最适含量的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文探讨了不同蛋白质含量的配合铒料对赤点石斑鱼生长的影响。通过６０ｄ的试验得出；在各配合铒料组中，蛋白质含量为４９．５２％的试验的相对增重率体长相对增长度、蛋白质效率和铒料转化率等均为最佳。配合铒料组鱼体肌肉营养成分也均优于对照组，而更接近野生鱼。经回归方程分析，赤点石斑鱼人工配合铒料中蛋白质最适含量为４８．３７％－４９．２４％。 相似文献
6.
为探讨斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)在低盐水体下最适的摄食水平,在水体盐度12、温度28℃±1℃的条件下,作者投喂人工配合饲料,研究了不同摄食水平(分别为体质量的2.36%、2.83%、3.31%、3.79%、4.25%及饱食)对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼(初始体质量为29.28 g±2.63 g)生长和能量收支的影响,并建立了生长-摄食关系和不同摄食水平下的能量收支方程。结果表明,在低盐下幼鱼鱼体粗蛋白及灰分含量在各摄食水平组间无显著差异(P0.05);脂肪含量在3.79%、4.25%及饱食组显著高于其他摄食水平组(P0.05);干物质含量在4.25%、饱食组显著高于其他摄食水平组(P0.05);能量含量随摄食水平降低而下降。摄食水平对幼鱼摄食率有显著影响(P0.05)且随摄食水平的降低而下降。幼鱼湿质量特定生长率、干质量特定生长率、蛋白特定生长率、能量特定生长率均随着摄食水平的增加而增加。特定生长率与摄食水平呈减速增长曲线关系,可用对数方程描述。幼鱼饲料湿质量转化效率、饲料干质量转化效率、饲料蛋白转化效率均随摄食水平的增加先增大后减少的变化,在3.79%组达到最大值,饲料能量转化效率随摄食水平的增加呈一直增加,在饱食组达到最大值。随着摄食水平的增加,生长能(G)呈先升后降的变化,在3.79%组有最大值,与摄食水平之间可用一元二次方程表述;排粪能(F)与排泄能(U)呈一直增大的变化,在饱食组有最大值,与摄食水平之间均可用线性方程表述;代谢能(R)则呈降低并逐渐趋于平稳的变化。在3.79%组,幼鱼获得最佳的能量收支方程为:100.00C=12.29F+13.73U+31.33R+42.65G。综合考虑认为,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼在低盐水体下最适的摄食水平为体质量的3.79%。 相似文献
7.
外源激素诱导赤点石斑鱼雄性化 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
以每次剂量为体重的５×１０＾－＾６（ｍ／ｍ）１７ａ－甲基睾酮（１７α－ＭＴ）投喂２－４龄赤点石斑鱼，成功地促使其提早３－４ａ性转变为具有生殖功能的雄性鱼。经５０ｄ投喂药饵４６次，累积总剂量达到鱼体重的２４１．３×１０＾－＾６（ｍ／ｍ）时，性腺中的卵巢组织萎缩，绝大部分卵母细胞已退化；精巢组织发达，间质细胞数量增多，精小囊内充满成熟精子，雄性化率达１００％。实验组的流精率为９３．５％。雄性化后的平均 相似文献
8.
眼斑拟石首鱼早期幼鱼的饲料试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道用 1 .92万尾平均体重为 1 .4 2 g 尾的眼斑拟石首鱼 (Sciaenopsocelle tus)早期幼鱼 ,在 5个海上浮式网箱中分两个阶段用粉末型配合饲料与传统的鲜活饲料进行饲养效果对比试验 .试验期间表层海水温度范围 2 2 .9～ 30 .0℃ ,表层海水比重范围 1 .0 1 55～ 1 .0 2 0 1 .试验结果如下 :对照组 (喂鲜活饲料组 )和各试验组 (喂粉末型配合饲料组 )全长和体重、体长和体重、全长和体长关系式的差异都不大 ,对照组和试验组实验鱼的平均肥满度分别为 1 .4 8、1 .51 g cm3.粉末型配合饲料组鱼的平均成活率为 81 .5% ,全长平均增长率为 73.2 % ,体长平均增长率 79.6 % ,平均增重量为 2 7.5g 尾 ,平均增重率为 52 6 .9% ,总投饲量为 336 .2 6kg ,饲料系数的平均值为1 .0 7.鲜活饲料组鱼的平均成活率为 87.2 % ,全长平均增长率为 57.0 % ,体长平均增长率为 6 1 .4 % ,平均增重量为 1 9.0 g 尾 ,平均增重率为 377.6 % ,总投饲量为1 1 54.2 8kg ,平均饲料系数为 5.1 6 .粉末型配合饲料养殖效果的综合生物学评定值为 2 38% ( >1 0 0 % ) ,表明其养殖效果优于鲜活饲料 相似文献
9.
赤点石斑鱼人工配合饵料中蛋白质最适含量的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
本文探讨了不同蛋白质含量的配合饵料对赤点石斑鱼（Epinephelusakaara）生长的影响。通过60d度验得出：在各配合饵料组中，蛋白质含量为49．52％的试验的相对增重率（46．84％）体长相对增长率（15．96％）、蛋白质效率（60．35％）和饵料转化率（29．85％）等均为最佳。配合饵料组鱼体肌肉营养成分（蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸）也均优于对照组，而更接近野生鱼。经回归方程分析，赤点石斑鱼人工配合饵料中蛋白质最适含量为48．37％～49．24％。 相似文献
10.
饵料维生素C对青石斑鱼的非特异性免疫调节作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
调查了饵料维生素C对青石斑鱼Epinephelusawoara非特异性的体液和细胞免疫调节作用。在冰冻饵料小杂鱼中添加不同剂量的维生素C(每公斤饵料鱼含量分别为 0 ,50 0 ,1 0 0 0 ,1 50 0和 2 0 0 0mg) ,连续投喂青石斑鱼 2 0周后 ,青石斑鱼血液白细胞总数及不同种类白细胞 (包括淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和单核细胞 )组成比例不受饵料维生素C的影响。青石斑鱼血清补体经典型溶解羊红细胞的能力随饵料维生素C添加量的提高而显著增强 (p<0 .0 1 )。然而 ,维生素C对血清的杀菌活性没有作用。鱼体非特异性的细胞免疫活动 (包括血液白细胞和头肾细胞的吞噬活动 )也不受维生素C的影响 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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19.
Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
20.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献