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1.
土壤中持久性有机污染物分析的前处理方法   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
对土壤样品的前处理技术进行了研究。采用加速溶剂萃取法(ASE)提取土壤中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物,并且与索氏提取结果进行了对比,结果表明,ASE完全能取代传统的索氏提取方法。对固相萃取(SPE)柱净化的不同填料进行了实验筛选。比较了浓硫酸磺化法和SPE柱净化法对土壤中有机氯农药及多氯联苯的净化效果。优化了有机氯农药、多氯联苯凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)的净化条件。当样品基质比较复杂时,采用凝胶渗透色谱结合固相萃取柱的前处理方法,能得到很好的净化效果。土壤样品中持久性有机污染物采用加速溶剂提取结合固相萃取前处理过程的回收率为68%~106%,精密度小于7.7%。  相似文献   

2.
研究了海洋沉积物提取液中28种多氯联苯(PCBs)、16种多环芳烃(PAHs)和21种有机氯农药(OCPs)在硅胶-氧化铝复合净化柱上的同时净化与分离效果,结果表明:在充填4 cm3%去活化氧化铝-6 cm 3%去活化硅胶的8 mm i.d×15 cm固相萃取净化柱上,使用10 mL正己烷作为淋洗PCBs的分割点,可实现PCBs、PAHs和OCPs的满意分离,更有利于PCBs与高环数PAHs、极性较强OCPs的分离。继续用20 mL正己烷-二氯甲烷混合液(体积比1∶1)洗脱,28 PCBs、16种PAHs和21种OCPs均可获得有效回收,回收率分别为75%~110%、76%~115%、75%~130%。经海洋沉积物标准参考物质验证,该方法实用、可靠,流程简单,试剂消耗少,成本低,适用于海洋环境地质调查中基质复杂沉积物样品的定量分析。  相似文献   

3.
试验了加速溶剂萃取土壤中有机氯农药和多氯联苯残留的最佳条件。结果表明,采用正己烷-丙酮混合溶剂(体积比1:1)为提取剂,萃取温度100℃,压力为10.3MPa;采用弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱对样品净化,毛细管柱分离,用配有电子捕获检测器的气相色谱进行检测,平均加标回收率为83.6%~109.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为1.11%~5.88%,检出限为0.69~1.85ng/g。方法简单、快捷、经济,适应于土壤中的有机氯农药和多氯联苯的测定。  相似文献   

4.
建立了沉积物样品中17种有机氯农药和8种多氯联苯持久性有机污染物的气相色谱分析方法。针对沉积物样品基质复杂、含有大量硫干扰的特点,重点研究了前处理技术。采用加速溶剂提取(ASE)技术提取样品中的有机污染物,比较了加入铜粉后ASE在线除硫和超声波提取除硫的效果。结果表明,加入铜粉ASE提取不能完全去除硫的干扰,需进一步采用超声波提取10 min除硫才能大大减少杂质对目标化合物的干扰。沉积物样品中的色素类及小分子干扰物质采用凝胶渗透色谱结合固相萃取技术进行净化,满足了气相色谱-电子捕获检测器分析的要求。25种化合物的平均添加回收率为68%~131%,方法精密度(RSD,n=6)小于22.3%,检出限为0.10~0.51μg/kg。建立的样品前处理技术净化彻底,适合用于不同地区、不同类型的沉积物样品气相色谱分析。  相似文献   

5.
佟玲  杨佳佳  阎妮  吴淑琪 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):262-269
动物组织样品油脂含量大、干扰杂质多,对其中低含量有机氯农药及多氯联苯的分析会造成较大程度的影响。针对动物组织样品基质复杂的特点,本文以二氯甲烷-丙酮(体积比为1:1)的溶剂体系,采用加速溶剂萃取技术对样品进行提取,在提取过程中尽量减少脂肪的共提出,然后采用凝胶渗透色谱技术去除样品中的大部分油脂,再结合弗罗里硅土为填料的固相萃取方法对样品进一步净化,能够达到充分去除油脂和小分子杂质的目的。采用气相色谱-质谱分析17种有机氯农药及7种指示性多氯联苯,各化合物的回收率在81.6%~113.4%之间,检出限在1.02~3.59 ng/g之间,技术指标优于部分国家标准。本方法改进了动物样品的净化效果,建立了凝胶渗透色谱结合固相萃取技术的净化方法,达到了样品快速自动提取、溶剂用量少、基质净化彻底的目的,降低了方法检出限,能够满足快速、准确检测动物组织中低含量持久性有机污染物的要求。  相似文献   

6.
田芹  吴淑琪  佟玲  罗代洪 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):238-244
目前我国有1个有机氯农药(OCPs)分析标准物质,3个多氯联苯(PCBs)分析标准物质;欧洲有1个OCPs分析标准物质和2个PCBs分析标准物质。美国、国际原子能机构和日本等组织研制了沉积物中OCPs、PCBs和多环芳烃的有机分析标准物质,这些标准物质的基质性质、浓度水平与我国地质样品基质性质、实际污染情况不符。本文针对我国土壤类型的分布特点、污染特征及实际样品检测情况,采集典型地区的土壤作为候选物,利用传统的气相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-串联质谱法、气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法和现代分析技术方法——同位素稀释质谱法,严格按照国家一级标准物质技术规范和相关标准研制了6个土壤有机分析标准物质(编号为GBW07469~GBW07474),基本涵盖了我国典型土壤类型,包括褐土、水稻土、黄壤土和草甸土;定值化合物包括全国地质大调查必测的8种OCPs(α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDT)和选测的7种PCBs(PCB28、52、101、118、153、138、180),含量范围为3.9μg/kg~2.31 mg/kg。此批标准物质的基质性质、目标组分的浓度水平和污染特征与实际环境样品具有较好的一致性,而且目标物种类多,含量范围宽,可以满足我国不同地区、不同程度污染的土壤样品中OCPs和PCBs同时测定的质量监控需求。  相似文献   

7.
吉林省洁净地区长白山表层土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)总体上污染较轻,但高于一些其他地区。表层土壤的OCPs和PCBs表现出明显的随海拔高度增大的趋势,初步显示了高山冷凝捕集效应的影响。长白山旅游地区表层土壤受到轻微HCHs和DDTs的污染(平均值分别为12.4 ng/g和12.3 ng/g)。长白山附近较低海拔地区表层土壤中OCPs含量要略高一些,表明农业活动逐渐增大。HCHs和DDTs都未超过国家土壤环境质量标准的一级,但个别地点DDTs可能对鸟类和土壤生物具有一定的潜在生态风险。不排除在个别采样点有林丹和三氯杀螨醇被使用的可能性。长白山及附近地区表层土壤样品中∑7PCBs含量为7.3~31.9ng/g,平均17.2 ng/g。PCBs污染主要集中在海拔1450 m和1800 m处。7种PCBs异构体的含量依次为:PCB 28>PCB 52>PCB 180>PCB 138>PCB 101>PCB 153>PCB 118。  相似文献   

8.
在2010年5月调查了沈阳市细河沿岸表层土壤中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染现状,评价土壤中OCPs残留的生态风险。沈阳细河沿岸表层土壤中HCHs浓度范围分别为2.32~15.90 ng/g,平均浓度为8.99ng/g。DDTs浓度范围分别为9.06~111.6 ng/g,平均浓度为37.08 ng/g。7种PCBs异构体总平均浓度为1.01ng/g,大部分采样点OCPs和PCBs未超过国家土壤环境质量标准,推断近期可能有林丹的使用但没有新的DDTs污染源输入,但个别地点土壤中的DDTs残留浓度对生态系统健康构成了潜在的威胁。大气蒸汽态HCHs浓度为18.97 ng/m3;DDTs浓度为42.27 ng/m3;PCBs浓度为20.59 ng/m3。研究表明大气长距离传输对该区域的OCPs污染也有较为明显的影响。初步运用逸度概念模型进行分析,发现HCHs和DDTs的逸出方向为从土壤向大气挥发。  相似文献   

9.
生物样品中微量元素硒的分析检测,经典方法是湿法消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HGAFS)。湿法消解处理生物样品需使用大量试剂,并且消解时间长,样品背景值高;HG-AFS的分辨率较低,已经不能满足微量硒的分析需求。解决生物样品的消解过程缓慢、试剂用量大的问题是提高样品中微量元素硒的检出限和分辨率的前提。本文采用湿法消解和微波消解两种消解体系处理样品,对两种方法制备的溶液分别采用HG-AFS和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行测定,通过对比试验确定了微波消解ICP-MS方法可以实现生物样品中微量硒的准确测定。对比试验表明:采用高压密闭微波消解前处理样品技术可以大大缩短消解时间,减少试剂用量,降低了样品背景值;利用ICP-MS直接进行测定,方法检出限为0.01μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)小于4%,低于HG-AFS的检出限(0.03μg/g)和精密度(10%)。微波消解ICP-MS方法操作简单快捷,降低了方法检出限,提高了样品分析的准确度和精密度。  相似文献   

10.
作为土地环境质量的一项重要指标,石油类物质含量决定了土地的用途。对于复垦土地样品,在一定程度上反映了污染土地的复垦、治理效果。土壤样中的石油类物质测定方法主要有气相色谱法、红外分光光度法、紫外光谱法等。气相色谱法主要应用于测定样品中的饱和烷烃;红外分光光度法通过测定不同波数下的特征吸收值来表征样品中石油类物质,但采用四氯乙烯为溶剂,试剂环境危害大,前处理效率低,检出限高。本文针对复垦土地样品中石油类物质含量不高,组分多为难挥发且结构复杂、基质干扰大的特点,采用正己烷为溶剂、加速溶剂萃取(ASE)前处理,荧光分光光度计测定样品中的石油类物质。以海洋环境监测石油标准物质为标准样品配制工作曲线,线性相关系数r~2=0.9997;方法检出限为0.40mg/kg,检测下限为1.60mg/kg;实际样品方法精密度为1.10%~8.76%;基质加标回收率为89.0%~95.7%;检测实际样品的结果与现行有效的HJ 1051—2019红外分光光度法基本一致,高含量样品的测定结果高于红外法。本方法所用溶剂正己烷的毒性小于四氯乙烯,前处理方法ASE的自动化程度高,萃取效率高,精密度提高11.5%~67.3%。对于石油类组分结构相对复杂、难提取的样品,本方法检出限低于红外法(4mg/kg)。  相似文献   

11.
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.  相似文献   

12.
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.  相似文献   

13.
Robert L. Linnen   《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):267-280
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.  相似文献   

14.
15.
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).  相似文献   

16.
正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)  相似文献   

17.
正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,  相似文献   

18.
正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)  相似文献   

19.
正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-  相似文献   

20.
正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with  相似文献   

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