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1.
昌宁－孟连结合带斜长角闪岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
昌宁-孟连结合带牛井山地区发育以构造岩片和透镜体形式产出的斜长角闪岩,其对于认识和恢复昌宁-孟连结合带特提斯演化历史具有重要意义。本研究对牛井山蛇绿混杂岩带内的斜长角闪岩进行了系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素及全岩地球化学研究。锆石CL图像揭示斜长角闪岩锆石为岩浆成因锆石。锆石U-Pb定年结果为272±1.2 Ma(MSWD=1.1,n=21),代表斜长角闪岩原岩时代。岩石地球化学分析表明,斜长角闪岩Si O2含量为51.83%~52.6%,全碱(Na2O+K2O)含量为3.33%~4.16%,Na2O/K2O比值为5.8~19.8,属于低钾拉斑玄武岩系列。微量元素结果表明斜长角闪岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征。原岩恢复研究揭示斜长角闪岩的原岩为272±1.2 Ma的N-MORB型辉长岩。斜长角闪岩锆石初始(176Hf/177Hf)i值为0.282906~0.282956,对应的εHf(t)为10.7~12.5;单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为416~499 Ma(平均值为466Ma),明显老于原岩结晶时代。岩石地球化学特征和锆石Hf模式年龄揭示昌宁-孟连特提斯洋在272 Ma时具有一个长期亏损的地幔,地幔年龄为早古生代416~499 Ma。结合该带存在早古生代洋壳残余及洋壳俯冲成因埃达克岩的事实,我们认为昌宁-孟连带是一个连续演化的原-古特提斯洋,晚古生代272 Ma时还存在洋中脊扩张并产生具有N-MORB性质的洋壳。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原羌塘中部双湖早古生代斜长角闪岩年代学及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
羌塘盆地中部双湖县齐陇乌如沟出露一套斜长角闪岩,通过对该斜长角闪岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,获得206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为450.1±5.0Ma,表明该变基性岩形成于晚奥陶世。元素地球化学测试分析表明,SiO_2含量在45.67%~51.68%,Na_2O为0.98%~2.54%,总体呈现明显的高Na、低K的特点。轻、重稀土元素分馏较小,Eu具有轻度的正异常。微量元素Rb、Ba和U元素相对较为富集,Nb、Ta和Zr具有不同程度的亏损。地球化学特征显示具有E-MORB的性质,代表了古特提斯洋壳的残余。齐陇乌如沟斜长角闪岩的年龄与昌宁-孟连结合带的铜厂街蛇绿岩和湾河蛇绿岩形成年龄基本一致,地球化学性质相似,说明龙木错-双湖结合带与昌宁-孟连结合带代表了一个统一的原(古)特提斯洋。 相似文献
3.
昌宁-孟连结合带牛井山早古生代埃达克岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石成因及其地质意义 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6
昌宁-孟连结合带是西南三江地区重要的古特提斯结合带,本文报道该带牛井山蛇绿混杂岩带内的早古生代英云闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素、全岩地球化学特征,探讨其岩石成因,揭示早古生代(原)特提斯演化过程和恢复古地理格局。利用LA-ICP-MS对英云闪长岩进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为468±2Ma(MSWD=1.4,n=22),代表岩浆岩结晶时代。对锆石进行原位微区Hf同位素分析获得锆石ε_(Hf)(t)=+1.6~+2.8。牛井山英云闪长岩具有高的SiO_2(61.6%~67.16%),Al_2O_3(15.4%~17.64%),Na_2O(2.93%~3.25%)含量,高的Na_2O/K_2O(3.9~5.4)比值。微量元素具有高Sr(469×10~(-6)~533×10~(-6)),低Yb(0.66×10~(-6)~1.22×10~(-6))和Y(8.5×10~(-6)~16.3×10~(-6)),Eu正异常(1.01~1.37)的特征。此外,在同等SiO 2条件下,还具有相对高的Mg~#和MgO(Mg~#=50~51,MgO=2.84%~3.58%)。这些特征表明英云闪长岩具有高镁埃达克岩的性质。岩石成因研究表明牛井山高镁埃达克岩很可能是俯冲洋壳加上部分大洋沉积物部分熔融并与上覆地幔橄榄岩反应的产物。早古生代洋壳俯冲成因的埃达克岩的发现证明昌宁-孟连特提斯洋演化历史可追溯至约468Ma。昌宁-孟连结合带早古生代岩浆作用与龙木错-双湖结合带早古生代洋壳残片的时代一致、构造属性相似,我们认为昌宁-孟连结合带与木错-双湖结合带可对比,它们代表了一个统一的古生代特提斯大洋残余。 相似文献
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昌宁-孟连特提斯洋的构造演化及其原特提斯与古特提斯的转换方式一直是青藏高原及邻区基础地质研究中最热门的科学问题之一.根据新的地质调查资料、研究成果并结合分析数据,系统总结了三江造山系不同构造单元地质特征,讨论了昌宁-孟连特提斯洋早古生代-晚古生代的构造演化历史.通过对不同构造单元时空结构的剖析和对相关岩浆、沉积及变质作用记录的分析,认为昌宁-孟连结合带内共存原特提斯与古特提斯洋壳残余,临沧-勐海一带发育一条早古生代岩浆弧带,前人所划基底岩系"澜沧岩群"应为昌宁-孟连特提斯洋东向俯冲消减形成的早古生代构造增生杂岩,滇西地区榴辉岩带很可能代表了俯冲增生杂岩带发生了深俯冲,由于弧-陆碰撞而迅速折返就位,这一系列新资料及新认识表明昌宁-孟连结合带所代表的特提斯洋在早古生代至晚古生代很可能是一个连续演化的大洋.在此基础上,结合区域地质资料,构建了三江造山系特提斯洋演化的时空格架及演化历史,认为其经历了早古生代原特提斯大洋扩张、早古生代中晚期-晚古生代特提斯俯冲消减与岛弧带形成、晚二叠世末-早三叠世主碰撞汇聚、晚三叠世晚碰撞造山与盆山转换等阶段. 相似文献
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昌宁-孟连缝合带是中国西南三江特提斯重要的古特提斯洋残余,但其消减过程仍然存在争议。南澜沧江构造带曼兵岛弧花岗岩体为探究古特提斯洋俯冲过程提供了新的线索。本文对曼兵花岗岩体内的片麻状黑云花岗闪长岩和斜长角闪岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和全岩元素地球化学研究。二者的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为251. 5±2. 7Ma、253. 8±1. 1Ma和241. 8±0. 8Ma、259. 5±1. 9Ma,指示其为晚二叠世-早三叠世的岩浆活动产物。曼兵花岗闪长岩属于钙碱性到高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ba、Sr和高场强元素,具有Eu的负异常(δEu=0. 45～0. 69)。花岗闪长岩和斜长角闪岩~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf平均值分别为0. 2829035和0. 2829762,锆石εHf(t)平均值为11. 0和12. 5;地壳模式年龄tDM C加权平均值分别为578. 4Ma和469. 3Ma,类似俯冲相关的新生下地壳演化的岛弧花岗岩。曼兵花岗岩具有低的Ce/Pb(3. 89～6. 57)、Th/La(0. 32～0. 58)和Sm/La(0. 11～0. 15)指示了新生下地壳被上部围岩的混染。综合区域古特提斯洋演化历史,认为曼兵岛弧花岗岩体形成于洋陆俯冲向地块增生转换的构造环境,提出三江地区古特提斯主洋盆的闭合延续至早三叠世才完成。 相似文献
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内蒙古北部二连-东乌旗地区出露早古生代火山岩,为兴蒙造山带北缘构造-岩浆岩带的组成部分,对研究造山带早古生代构造格局及演化具有重要作用。本文对东乌旗北部早古生代中基性及酸性火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学、全岩地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素分析。定年结果显示,中基性火山岩成岩年龄为452±2Ma,酸性火山岩为430±20Ma,表明早古生代岩浆活动可延续至中志留世。地球化学组成上,中基性火山岩稀土总量中等,Eu异常不明显,富集Rb、Sr、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素,特征类似岛弧岩浆岩;酸性火山岩富集Th、U,Eu负异常显著,但Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素富集程度不高,Nb、Ta等高场强元素亏损不明显,表现出板内岩浆特点。中基性和酸性火山岩均具有亏损的同位素组成:中基性火山岩ε_(Nd)(t)=+203～+267,ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+79～+145之间;酸性火山岩ε_(Nd)(t)=+494,ε_(Hf)(t)值为+99～+153。岩石学及地球化学分析表明,中基性火山岩为岛弧环境下遭受俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产物,酸性火山岩则来源于新生基性下地壳熔融并具有板内岩浆特征,可能指示了俯冲的结束。结合前人资料,二连-东乌旗地区早古生代岩浆活动介于晚寒武-中志留世之间,形成时间及阶段性演化特征近似于苏尼特左旗-锡林浩特早古生代岩浆岩带,暗示两者可能具有成因联系,均为早古生代古亚洲洋向北俯冲的产物。 相似文献
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西准噶尔谢米斯台山西北段中志留世火山岩地球化学与Sr-Nd-Os同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西准噶尔谢米斯台山火山岩近期报道形成于志留纪而非之前认为的中泥盆世,但有关中志留世火山岩特征及构造意义研究较弱。本文对西准噶尔谢米斯台山西北段乌兰浩特中志留世玄武岩、玄武安山岩样品进行了系统的地球化学主量、微量元素与Sr-Nd-Os同位素特征分析。火山岩样品表现出高MgO(5.15%~7.81%)、镁值(56.0~60.7)和低CaO(4.56%~5.09%)、FeOT/MgO(1.15~1.40)的特征,属于高镁火山岩类。玄武岩的εNd(t)值为+2.65,87Sr/86Sr和~(187)Os/~(188)Os初始比值分别为0.70439和0.4901。略显富集的同位素比值与高Th/Yb值(2.2~2.7)、低Ba/La值(17.4~33.4)表明其可能是受洋底沉积物熔体交代地幔部分熔融的产物,并遭受了一定程度地壳混染。火山岩样品为钙碱性,具有轻稀土和大离子亲石元素富集、Nb和Ta亏损等弧岩浆特征,推测乌兰浩特中志留世火山岩形成于与准噶尔洋板片由南向北俯冲有关的弧后环境。 相似文献
8.
阿拉善地块早古生代岩浆作用的成因研究，对理解阿拉善地块与古亚洲洋相互作用过程至关重要。本文在阿拉善地块中部新识别出一中志留世花岗岩体(噶顺花岗岩),其锆石U-Pb年龄为432Ma,以高Sr低Y为特征，属弱过铝质、中钾-高钾钙碱性花岗岩，εHf (t)=-8.8～-19.4,形成于古老下地壳岩石的部分熔融。本文同时总结了阿拉善地块其他晚奥陶世-早泥盆世岩浆岩的成分特征，发现阿拉善地块早古生代岩浆岩在成因上可分为两类：类型I,侵位于晚奥陶世-早中志留世，为典型幔源弧岩浆岩，形成于俯冲流体交代地幔楔的部分熔融；类型II,侵位于中晚志留世-早泥盆世，普遍高Sr低Y,形成于古老中基性地壳岩石的部分熔融。纵观阿拉善地块整个早古生代的岩浆作用，在晚奥陶世-早中志留世→中晚志留世-早泥盆世→中晚泥盆世期间，阿拉善地块的岩浆作用从幔源弧岩浆岩过渡到壳源高Sr低Y型花岗岩再到岩浆作用逐渐消失，反映了阿拉善地块陆缘弧从相对伸展环境向挤压弧的转变。这一岩浆作用演化记录了区域构造作用从典型洋陆俯冲到俯冲作用逐渐减弱(直至停止)或者俯冲角度(从陡俯冲向平俯冲)的转变过程；总体上，阿拉善地块早... 相似文献
9.
华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩的Nd、Sr、Pb同位素地球化学：岩石圈地幔富集的证据 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
华北克拉通北部古-中元古代富碱侵入岩主要分布在燕辽三叉裂堑系和辽吉拗拉谷中及附近,为一套高碱高钾的基性-中性岩,以正长岩类为主。本文通过开展系统的 Nd、Sr、Pb 同位素研究,发现所有岩体岩石均以高负ε_(Nd)(t)为特征,ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.4～-7.5,平均值为～4.8,这与研究区古-中元古代基性-超基性岩石的 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4～-8) 一致,与燕辽裂堑系发育的偏碱性火山岩 Nd 同位素特征(ε_(Nd)(t)=-4.3～-8.9)也比较相似,表明它们的物质来源相似,都与富集地幔有关。Sr 同位素初始比值(~(87)St/~(86)Sr)_i比较低,主要变化在0.7028～0.7053之间,平均值为0.7041。钾长石铅同位素组成普遍较低,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb 比值变化范围(梁屯-矿洞沟岩体除外)分别为14.500～15.70l、14.887～15.150和34.178～36.537,平均值分别为14.968、14.984和35.057。在ε_(Nd)(t)-ε_(Sr)(t)图解上,所有岩体的投影点均在地幔演化趋势线附近,比较接近 EMI 型富集地幔端员,暗示它们的物质来源与 EMI 型富集地幔有关;钾长石 Pb 同位素模式图也说明这些岩体物质来源与地幔和下地壳有关。通过两端员混合模拟,揭示了岩浆演化过程中存在少量的下地壳物质混染,平均约14%左右。从2.5Ga 左右开始华北克拉通岩石圈地幔的亏损程度逐渐变小,在2.2Ga 左右局部呈现富集性特征,1.85Ga时整个岩石圈地幔已经完全转变为富集性,之后富集程度越来越高。推测早期俯冲携带的壳源物质以及后期地幔流体的交代作用可能是岩石圈地幔逐渐转变为富集性的原因。 相似文献
10.
前人在昌宁-孟连缝合带获得了大量的晚古生代岩浆活动与沉积地层的记录,但是早古生代的相关记录十分稀少,大大限制了对昌宁-孟连缝合带早古生代演化过程的理解.对南汀河地区早古生代英云闪长岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩地球化学特征开展研究,并探讨其岩石成因,揭示早古生代(原)特提斯演化过程.通过LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年,获得英云闪长岩206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为454.1±2.7 Ma、443.2±2.4 Ma,代表岩浆结晶时代.地球化学分析显示,南汀河英云闪长岩SiO2含量为63.41%~68.57%,K2O含量为1.31%~2.17%,同时具有富Na(Na2O=4.11%~5.07%)贫Mg(MgO=0.98%~1.39%)的特点.REE配分曲线呈现出轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的特征,大离子亲石元素Sr、Ba等富集,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,与岛弧岩浆的特征相吻合;指示岩浆来源于俯冲板片的部分熔融,在岩浆上升过程中受到了俯冲沉积物的混染,形成于与原特提斯洋俯冲有关的弧火山岩环境,进一步指示早古生代原特提斯洋在454~443 Ma就已经发生了俯冲消减作用.南汀河蛇绿岩与羌塘地区龙木错-双湖缝合带桃形湖等蛇绿岩形成时代一致、地球化学性质相似,由此认为昌宁-孟连缝合带与龙木错-双湖缝合带一起代表了一个统一的古特提斯洋壳的残余. 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
20.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献