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位于扬子克拉通西缘的新元古代宝兴杂岩主要由中低级变质的辉长质片麻岩、闪长质片麻岩、英云闪长质到花岗闪长质片麻岩和块状二长花岗岩组成。岩石地球化学和Sm-Nd同位素特征表明,辉长质片麻岩和闪长质片麻岩为同源岩浆演化序列,原始岩浆起源于亏损地幔尖晶石橄榄岩的部分熔融,在上升和侵位过程中受到了地壳岩石强烈混染。英云闪长质和花岗闪长质岩浆形成于下地壳玄武质岩石部分熔融,而二长花岗质岩浆形成于杂砂岩的部分熔融。综合分析宝兴杂岩的岩石组合、微量元素和同位素特征,该杂岩体最有可能形成于新元古代活动大陆边缘火山弧构造背景,并可能经历了碰撞过程。 相似文献
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海南岛前寒武纪花岗岩—绿岩系Sm—Nd同位素年龄及其地质意义 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：19
利用Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素法测试了海南岛土外山金矿区花岗－绿岩系的１５个样品，７个为绿岩中的斜长角闪片岩，８个为花岗（质）岩，分别获得了１７００．９±２０Ｍａ和１３７９．７±１７Ｍａ的Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时年龄，各自代表了其原岩的成岩时代。同时对花岗（质）岩获得了与１７００．９０１３２２０Ｍａ相当的１６９０～１８００Ｍａ的Ｎｄ模式年龄。对斜长角门片岩则获得２３００～２７００Ｍａ的Ｎｄ模式年龄。这些反映了海南岛于２４００Ｍａ、１７００Ｍａ、１４００Ｍａ左右发生了三次重大构造岩浆热事件。 相似文献
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镇江石马杂岩体中岩石包体的成因研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
石马杂岩体,为南京—镇江地区出露面积较大的燕山期花岗质杂岩体,具大量暗色、细粒辉石闪长质-石英闪长质岩石包体,岩浆动力学理论的应用和详细的岩相学,岩石地球化学研究表明,该杂岩体中的岩石包体是不同成分岩浆大规模对流、不均一混合机制驱动下形成的,在成因类型上属淬冷包体. 相似文献
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冀西北地区晚太古代大陆地壳的增生和再造——同位素年代学证据 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
冀西北地区出露的太古宙变质岩系是华北地台北缘麻粒岩相带的重要组成部分。详细的同位素地质年代学研究表明，本区古老的地壳形成于２９００Ｍａ左右，为玄武质成分。古老地壳的熔融再造作用主要有两期，一期发生在２７８０～２７６１Ｍａ期间，产生了研究区西部广泛分布的英云闪长质片麻岩，另一期发生在２５６１～２５０３Ｍａ期间，形成在宣化－赤城一带广泛分布的花岗闪长质片麻岩。此后，在２５００～２４００Ｍａ期间发生了区域麻粒岩相变质改造，使部分岩石的同位素体系重新设置。 相似文献
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大庙斜长岩杂岩体是中国唯一的岩体型斜长岩杂岩体。稀土元素(REE)地球化学研究表明,控杂岩体中斜长岩、苏长岩、铁磷矿属同源斜长—苏(辉)长质岩浆不同演化阶段的产物。成岩(矿)作用具液态分异和结晶分异双重性。REE和Sc的丰度、Eu/Eu比值等参量能为铁磷矿勘查提供示踪判据。 相似文献
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渤海周边中、新生代火山作用及其深部过程意义 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
根据渤海周边的三大主要盆地中、新生代火山岩的岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素地球化学和同位素地球化学的综合分析研究表明：１．本区中、新生代有三大火山作用时期即早中生代（２２８￣２２６．９Ｍａ）、晚中生代（１３６．０￣６６．３Ｍａ）和新生代（６１．０￣２９．７Ｍａ）;２．早中生代英安岩为偏钾质酸性钠质玄武岩,它们均发生结晶分离作用;３．晚中生代火山岩微量元素分配形式和Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素表明其来源于富集的岩石 相似文献
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太行山北段王安镇杂岩体中酸性岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、Hf同位素组成及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
太行山北段王安镇杂岩体花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、髫髻山组火山岩-安山岩精细SHRIMP U-Pb定年和Hf同位素地球化学研究表明:花岗闪长岩体形成于135.7±1.3Ma,二长花岗岩体形成于133.7±1.1Ma,安山岩形成于138.89±0.9Ma,与杂岩体内基性侵入岩(138Ma)具有相似的形成年龄。花岗闪长岩的锆石εHf(t)值为-21.81~-16.09,相应tDMC为2.2~2.6Ga;二长花岗εHf(t)值为-20.50~-16.31,相应tDMC为2.2~2.5Ga,与杂岩体内基性岩体具有极为相似的Hf同位素特征εHf(t)=-22.8~-15.3。杂岩体中酸性岩类岩石成因可解释为:富集地幔(EMI)部分熔融形成的玄武质岩浆遭受一定程度的地壳混染以及之后的分离结晶作用对形成王安镇杂岩体中酸性岩类发挥着关键作用。与华北克拉通内部其他地区相同,晚侏罗-早白垩世北太行地区处于软流圈上涌的岩石圈伸展构造背景。 相似文献
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吉林省敦化地区晚三叠世碱性-亚碱性侵入杂岩体的地质特征及构造背景分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
吉林省敦化地区以碱厂沟、三岔子、青林子岩体为代表的碱性-偏碱性侵入杂岩体,主要由碱性辉长岩、角闪碱长正长岩、石英正长岩和角闪碱长花岗岩等组成,具复合环状深成杂岩之特征。辉长岩KAr同位素年龄为224Ma①,角闪碱长正长岩UPb同位素年龄为(223±1)Ma,表明岩体形成时代为晚三叠世。岩石化学、地球化学特征表明岩浆源于上地幔物质的部分融熔,但并非典型大陆裂谷性质的碱性岩,其形成标志着区域上南北向古亚洲构造域碰撞造山已结束,开始进入稳定大陆裂谷的发展阶段,并预示着北东向滨太平洋构造域的开始。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献