共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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海洋工程人因可靠性研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
海洋结构物在其生命周期的设计、建筑和工作等阶段中发生的灾害性事故（船舶和海洋平台的碰撞、搁浅、腐蚀病劳破坏、沉船、火灾、爆炸等）大多与人为错误和组织错误（ＨＯＥ有关,据统计,大约６０％～９０％的事故意 由ＨＯＥ引起,因此海洋工程中进行人因可靠性分析研究很有必要,在全面回顾近年来各国在这一领域的研究现状,分析和总结人因可靠性评估（ＨＲＡ）研究方法的基础上,重点介绍了失效模式及影响分析（ＦＭＥＡ）,事 相似文献
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本文对青岛地区过去三年中所发生的渔船海损事故进行了调查分析，认为发生海损事故的原因主要是人的错误行为，其次是船舶本身的原因和外在环境因素，同时提出预防措施：（１）抓好船员安全教育和技术培训；（２）加强监督检查；（３）建立完善的通讯网络；（４）加强海上搜寻救助；（５）加强对灾害性天气的预防；（６）抓紧海上汉字管理；（７）预防涉外海损事故。 相似文献
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现代海上无线电通信技术的发展趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现代海上无线电通信技术的发展趋势胡生甫（海军司令部通信部）海上无线电通信技术一般是指航行在海上的海军舰船（含水面舰艇、潜艇、舰载飞机和军辅船）和民用船舶（含远洋运输船、渔船、海洋调查船、打捞救生船和执行科学考察与试验任务的船舶）利用舰船上安装的各类型... 相似文献
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利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的再分析数据,分析了2015—2021年发生在浙江东部海域9起沉船海难事故的海浪灾害性特征。结果表明：沉船海难事故的发生往往伴随着波高或波陡的增大,使得船舶的纵摇和垂荡加剧。海难发生时波高比12 h前增大0.5 m以上,或是海难发生3 h以内波面坡度达到峰值。沉船海难还伴随着风浪向与航向的夹角、风浪向与涌浪向的夹角约为60°～100°,即船向与某一种浪向接近垂直,使得船舶横摇剧烈。此外,结合一个代表性沉船事故个例进行过程总结,分析了较陡的波面坡度、较大的风浪向和涌浪向夹角产生的原因。 相似文献
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船舶稳性事故的后果非常严重。造成稳性减小的原因很复杂,归纳起来有积载不当,产生自倾角或大风浪中引起货物移位;精矿粉含水量过高等。为了防止船舶因稳性问题而发生海损事故,最根本最有效的措施是,加强工作责任心,作好配积载计划,严格把关,密切配合等。 相似文献
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这是我亲身经历的一个真实故事,我们远洋运输行业的船长和船员现在都面临与世界恐怖主义威胁。其恐怖行为形式多样,除了海盗公然在海上抢劫、为某种政治目的的劫持外,更多的是在港内对所载货船的偷盗和利用船舶空间进行有组织偷渡。事过境迁,但是发生在十几年之前的偷渡事件一直浮在眼前…… 相似文献
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脐带缆作为水下生产系统的“神经生命线”,是水下生产系统的关键一环,其可靠性问题越来越受到关注。影响脐带缆可靠性的事件具有随机性,目前缺乏对这些随机事件发生概率的统计,难以直接对其可靠性进行定量分析。基于模糊数理论和故障树结合的方法对脐带缆可靠性进行分析,首先获得引起脐带缆失效的40个最小割集及底事件重要度排序。其次采用基于模糊集理论的定量分析对脐带缆故障树系统中的底事件进行统计计算,得到各底事件的失效概率,最终计算出顶事件概率,并得出导致脐带缆失效的主要因素依次为护套/铠装失效、钢管失效、电缆失效,为脐带缆的安全运行提出适当的建议。 相似文献
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In shipping, safety depends on the reliability of the technical and human components of the ship-system, although the marine environment itself may sometimes be so hostile as to give rise to accidents that are beyond technical and human control. The need for a continuous analysis of shipping accidents is dictated by the accumulated evidence for the predominance of the human factor and the ever-increasing pressure for further improvement on the safety record of shipping. In this context, the effectiveness of enforced regulations towards the promotion of safety policy in shipping is assessed and the debate and focus on this issue are maintained. 相似文献
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当代水下目标探测向低频远程发展,海洋环境噪声的低频特性倍受关注,航船噪声是海洋中的主要低频噪声源。近几十年来,海上航运量迅速增长,导致海洋环境低频噪声大幅升高,增加了海洋环境的噪声污染。本文依据港口进出航船信息库和船舶自动识别技术数据库资料,分析历史航船分布数据,依据获得的某开阔海域航船分布规律,建立数值模型估计了航船噪声源对低频海洋环境噪声特征的影响。结果表明,日进、出港的航船数近似满足正态分布,近海开阔海域单位面积、单位时间内的航船数近似满足泊松分布;由于海上航船的影响,海洋环境噪声强度呈明显的水平非均匀分布状态。 相似文献
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The shipping noise properties in the deep ocean are studied. Shipping noise exhibits the strong dual-horned directionality features in the flat-seabed ocean, and its directional density can be modeled by a Von Mises distribution. With the explicit expression for the directional density function, the spatial coherence functions of shipping noise are also derived, and the relative features are studied. The research result shows that the properties of shipping noise are different from the ambient noise of other sources, and it can be used for the sonar array design. The model is well matched with the experimental result, and it can be extended to the situations when the ambient noise exhibits the dual-horned structure. 相似文献
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—By means of nonlinear pushover collapse analysis approach,the aseismic reliability analysesof two offshore jacket platforms in the Bohai Gulf in China are studied according to their ocean locationand environmental loadings there.On the basis of those analyses,an aseismic reliability analysis approachis presented.The results show that the aseismic reliability of those platforms is high.Also it is proved thatthis aseismic reliability analysis approach is simple,practical and reliable. 相似文献
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Depth dependence of noise resulting from ship traffic and wind 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Under conditions of distantly generated noise, the noise level is found to decrease with depth in the mid-northeastern Pacific. These data show a decrease in noise level greater than 25 dB between critical depth and the ocean bottom. A result of this decrease is that locally wind-generated noise can be detected on near-bottom receivers for wind speeds less than 10 kn. It is shown that the noise level generated form local sources such as wind and nearby shipping is almost independent of receiver depth. The differences in spectra shape between the distant shipping noise and wind-generated noise and the low noise levels detected near the ocean bottom allow the measurement in the frequency band at 200-500 Hz of local wind noise level for wind speeds less than 10 kn 相似文献
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为了使全球性的海洋观测数据能够及时、可靠、准确地接收,介绍了基于卫星网络海洋观测数据传输链路的组成,对卫星传输链路的3个组成部分进行详细说明,包括:Iridium,Argos,Inmarsat和中国北斗四种卫星网络系统及比较分析,各卫星网络对应发送终端的分类分析以及陆地接收系统数据下载方式的比较分析。以Iridium网络系统为例,建设可实现全球覆盖的海洋观测数据卫星传输链路,完成现场观测数据的实时回传,为海洋观测数据卫星传输链路的建设提供示范,对比PSTN和M2M两种数据下载方式,通过实验分析,结果表明该海洋观测数据的卫星传输链路具备可行性和可靠性,可以进行业务化运行。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2016
Ocean noise levels are thought to be increasing as a result of major growth in global shipping activity, but data quantifying those changes are limited in space and time. As an alternative approach, this study examines the current and future maximum noise capacity of three segments of the global commercial shipping fleet: container ships, oil tankers, and bulk carriers. It shows that continued growth in the number of ships, the quantity of goods carried and the distances traveled could increase the maximum noise capacity of the global shipping fleet by up to a factor of 1.9 by 2030, with major growth in particular in the container and bulk carrier segments. Thus, in the absence of operational or manufacturing changes to such ships, the contribution of commercial shipping to ambient ocean noise levels can be expected to dramatically increase. 相似文献