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广角反射/折射地震探测是研究冲绳海槽地壳结构与性质的有效方法。通过收集整理冲绳海槽及邻区广角反射/折射地震研究成果,对冲绳海槽地壳结构性质进行了探讨。结果表明,冲绳海槽地壳厚度较薄,绝大部分地区属于减薄的陆壳,但局部已出现洋壳;海槽北、中、南三段处于不同的构造演化阶段,地壳厚度、结构、减薄方式等存在较大差异;琉球俯冲带不同分段活动特征及构造应力场的不同是造成冲绳海槽地壳结构性质和构造演化南北差异的主要原因;冲绳海槽内洋壳局限于海槽中、南段轴部,在轴部地堑沿走向方向布设OBS测线将有助于进一步确定洋壳的存在。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽中南部不同环境表层沉积物质来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对冲绳海槽中南部3种不同沉积环境(东海外陆架、东海陆坡和冲绳海槽)表层沉积物进行了稀土等元素地球化学分析,结果显示,冲绳海槽和陆坡表层沉积物具有与台湾物质来源类似的稀土元素配分模式,La/Sm-Gd/Yb散点图也显示海槽和陆坡沉积物主要分布在台湾物源端元区,表明冲绳海槽中南部海槽和陆坡表层沉积物主要来源于台湾,而外陆架... 相似文献
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冲绳海槽沉积物物源示踪研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
冲绳海槽作为浅水陆架与深海大洋之间联系的过渡地带,其海底的厚层沉积物记录了晚第四纪海平面波动、构造活动、气候变化,以及冲绳海槽古环境演化信息,因此,对于冲绳海槽沉积物的研究一直是边缘海研究中的热点问题之一,而识别沉积物物源成为解决这一系列问题的关键。众多学者已对冲绳海槽沉积物的来源进行了诸多探讨,并取得了丰硕的成果。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,系统地总结了冲绳海槽沉积物的来源及示踪方法,包括矿物学、地球化学以及环境磁学,评述了目前研究存在的问题,并对未来沉积物物源的识别工作提出了展望。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽沉降和热演化模式初探 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了冲绳海槽分地的沉降,给出了一个拉张系数的计算公式,并用它估算了冲绳海槽的拉张系数。在此基础上,利用多层,多次和有限拉张模式及有限元计算技术,定量模拟了冲绳海槽盆地的沉降过程和热演化历史。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽南部作为冲绳海槽全新世以来沉积速率最快的区域,其沉积物记录了物源区、黑潮及东亚季风演化等多方面的信息.通过碎屑锆石年代学,对冲绳海槽南部H4-S2孔沉积物开展了物源示踪研究.结合核密度估计图解(Kernel Density Estimation,KDE)、累积年龄分布(Cumulative Age Distri... 相似文献
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冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物中稀土元素组成及其物源指示意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物主要是由陆源、火山源和生物源物质按不同比例组成的混合物。研究表明,陆源物质(长江和黄河沉积物)稀土总量最高,轻稀土明显比重稀土富集;火山物质(冲绳海槽火山玻璃)具有较明显的正Eu异常且重稀土相对富集;生物源物质(冲绳海槽有孔虫壳)中稀土富集。3种端员物质的稀土元素组成特征存在显著差异,因此,选择合适的稀土元素特征参数——∑LREE／∑HREE、Eu／Sm及MREE／(LREE HREE)可以分别刻画出冲绳海槽沉积物中陆源、火山源及生物源物质的组成特征。通过与前人对研究区物源定性、定量分区的结果对比,验证了利用稀土元素特征参数刻画冲绳海槽混合沉积物物质来源组成的有效性。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽天然气水合物综合异常特征及成藏地质条件 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从冲绳海槽的地质条件来看,该区有利于天然气水合物的稳定存在,从沉积厚度和沉积速率来看,位于冲绳海槽盆地西侧的陆架前缘坳陷最有利于有机质的保存和转化,可以为冲绳海槽水合物的形成提供充足气源。通过对冲绳海槽区域地质条件和地球化学异常的综合分析以及地震特殊处理资料的精细解释,认为冲绳海槽南段很可能更适宜水合物的形成和聚集,因而可能会有很好的远景。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽热流值的分析及其地质解释 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
冲绳海槽南起我国台湾省东北角,东临琉球岛弧,西接东海陆架.本文利用冲绳海槽的热流值进行了数理计算,得出该海槽的年龄为5.3百万年.根据海槽及邻区的地质-地球物理资料进行了分析和解释. 相似文献
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V. G. Bondur 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(9):1007-1018
The urgency and specific features of the application of the up-to-date aerospace methods and technologies in order to monitor
different oil and gas facilities; study subsurface geology of oil and gas areas; search for oil and gas deposits (particularly
in Arctic regions); control oil, gas, and product pipelines; and estimate the environmental conditions in the areas of hydrocarbon
production and transportation on land and on the sea are justified and analyzed. The problems in the oil and gas industry
which can be solved using aerospace data are systematized. The principles of organization of aerospace monitoring and the
physical bases of remote sensing methods for solving different problems in the oil and gas industry are considered. The application
of aerospace methods and technologies in order to monitor the environmental conditions in the oil and gas production areas,
monitor pipelines, detect pollution of the marine environment with oil products (particularly, after the accident on the oil
platform in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010), and control the ice conditions in the Arctic oil and gas areas is illustrated. 相似文献
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基于近年来射阳港区水下地形数据和定点全潮水文观测资料,分析了双导堤建设前后冲淤变化特征,并对其成因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,研究区近6年来总体上以淤积为主,净淤积量约为65.23×106m3,年均净淤积速率约为7.9 cm/a;淤积区域主要分布于导堤两侧浅水区,侵蚀区域主要分布于导堤口附近。2008-2013年间研究区冲刷、淤积和相对稳定区域面积分别占15%、55%和30%。堤口东侧的SSW02站实测最大流速为1.54 m/s,北堤北部的SSW01站为1.4 m/s,无论是涨潮还是落潮,堤口均大于导堤北侧;导堤产生了沿堤水流和口门回流,改变了导堤两侧附近海域潮流方向并增大了口门处的沉积动力。研究区泥沙运动方式主要表现为波浪掀沙、潮流输沙;区域海流泥沙的沿程落淤和导堤挡流效应导致导堤两侧出现淤积,导堤产生的回流促使堤口冲刷和堤内泥沙回淤。导堤引起的局部流场变化是海底冲淤格局重新分布的主因。 相似文献
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基于MIKE FLOOD建立秦皇岛入海河流及其近岸海域一维、二维耦合河流-海岸水动力和水质模型,研究了秦皇岛海域和入海河流的水动力和污染物分布规律。结果表明:(1)海域潮流为半日潮,其中石河口南北支入海口流速变化过程差别较大,但水位变化过程基本一致;(2)整体上河流入海口化学需氧量(COD)与流速呈正相关关系;(3)COD在近岸海域的扩散方向与涨落潮潮流方向一致,各入海河口海域落潮流期间的COD高于涨潮流。如上结论为赤潮爆发机理和应急处置研究提供科学依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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近岸海域水体和沉积物是营养盐迁移转化的重要场所。2016年8月对渤海湾水体和沉积物进行采样监测,分析了渤海湾水体和沉积物中不同形态氮、磷的含量,并研究了营养盐在水体和沉积物中的分布特征及其相互关系。结果表明:渤海湾水体中的营养盐在西部近岸地区含量较高,而在离海岸线较远的开阔海域含量较低,表现出一个明显的质量浓度梯度。说明人类活动对近岸海域水体中营养盐含量的贡献较为明显。水体中营养盐主要是以无机态为主,无机氮和无机磷分别占到总氮和总磷的76.65%和76.46%。沉积物中氮、磷营养盐表现出和水体中营养盐含量类似的空间分布特征,但形态主要以有机氮为主,无机磷的含量也仅占到30.42%。这说明夏季渤海湾水体中氮、磷营养盐主要由水中有机体通过同化作用将无机态营养盐合成为有机态营养盐进入沉积物,渤海湾西北海域的富营养化过程是水体中营养盐向沉积物迁移的一个主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Coastal and estuarine habitat mapping, using LIDAR height and intensity and multi-spectral imagery 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Guillem Chust Ibon Galparsoro ngel Borja Javier Franco Adolfo Uriarte 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,78(4):633-643
The airborne laser scanning LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) provides high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTM) that have been applied recently to the characterization, quantification and monitoring of coastal environments. This study assesses the contribution of LIDAR altimetry and intensity data, topographically-derived features (slope and aspect), and multi-spectral imagery (three visible and a near-infrared band), to map coastal habitats in the Bidasoa estuary and its adjacent coastal area (Basque Country, northern Spain). The performance of high-resolution data sources was individually and jointly tested, with the maximum likelihood algorithm classifier in a rocky shore and a wetland zone; thus, including some of the most extended Cantabrian Sea littoral habitats, within the Bay of Biscay. The results show that reliability of coastal habitat classification was more enhanced with LIDAR-based DTM, compared with the other data sources: slope, aspect, intensity or near-infrared band. The addition of the DTM, to the three visible bands, produced gains of between 10% and 27% in the agreement measures, between the mapped and validation data (i.e. mean producer's and user's accuracy) for the two test sites. Raw LIDAR intensity images are only of limited value here, since they appeared heterogeneous and speckled. However, the enhanced Lee smoothing filter, applied to the LIDAR intensity, improved the overall accuracy measurements of the habitat classification, especially in the wetland zone; here, there were gains up to 7.9% in mean producer's and 11.6% in mean user's accuracy. This suggests that LIDAR can be useful for habitat mapping, when few data sources are available. The synergy between the LIDAR data, with multi-spectral bands, produced high accurate classifications (mean producer's accuracy: 92% for the 16 rocky habitats and 88% for the 11 wetland habitats). Fusion of the data enabled discrimination of intertidal communities, such as Corallina elongata, barnacles (Chthamalus spp.), and stands of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis, which presented misclassification when conventional visible bands were used alone. All of these results were corroborated by the kappa coefficient of agreement. The high classification accuracy found here, selecting data sources, highlights the value of integrating LIDAR data with multi-spectral imagery for habitat mapping in the intertidal complex fringe. 相似文献
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高畦深沟种植水稻、有机蔬菜,沟中施投化粪池污水、生活废水、腐烂瓜果蔬菜、各类粪便、田间杂草、藤蔓秸秆等培养水蚯蚓、福寿螺、小球藻、水蚤等饵料生物,构成良性循环的人工生态系统,通过水生生物和农作物的作用使有机污染物在田间得到衰减和清除。这种立体生产、综合利用集约生产模式,有利于降低饵料生物生产成本,有助于解决自然耕种收获量较少、成本较高的问题,能使有机垃圾、污水处理工艺简单、费用少,并能变废为宝生产出大量的动物蛋白和植物蛋白。 相似文献
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Data from around the world (Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Brazil, Canada, the Netherlands, Poland, the UK and the USA) show that more than four million onshore hydrocarbon wells have been drilled globally. Here we assess all the reliable datasets (25) on well barrier and integrity failure in the published literature and online. These datasets include production, injection, idle and abandoned wells, both onshore and offshore, exploiting both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. The datasets vary considerably in terms of the number of wells examined, their age and their designs. Therefore the percentage of wells that have had some form of well barrier or integrity failure is highly variable (1.9%–75%). Of the 8030 wells targeting the Marcellus shale inspected in Pennsylvania between 2005 and 2013, 6.3% of these have been reported to the authorities for infringements related to well barrier or integrity failure. In a separate study of 3533 Pennsylvanian wells monitored between 2008 and 2011, there were 85 examples of cement or casing failures, 4 blowouts and 2 examples of gas venting. In the UK, 2152 hydrocarbon wells were drilled onshore between 1902 and 2013 mainly targeting conventional reservoirs. UK regulations, like those of other jurisdictions, include reclamation of the well site after well abandonment. As such, there is no visible evidence of 65.2% of these well sites on the land surface today and monitoring is not carried out. The ownership of up to 53% of wells in the UK is unclear; we estimate that between 50 and 100 are orphaned. Of 143 active UK wells that were producing at the end of 2000, one has evidence of a well integrity failure. 相似文献
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海表冷暖水舌被广泛应用于定性描述海表水温(SST)的空间分布特征,但缺少定量的表述和研究。本文以海表冷暖水舌轴线的空间位置和温度为指标,用2006—2014年逐年冬季(2月)的遥感SST数据,分析了渤海、黄海和东海冬季的冷暖水舌的空间分布和年际变化,并探讨了其形成机理。结果表明,渤海、黄海和东海冬季存在2条冷水舌和6条暖水舌。水舌位置的EOF前三个模态(73.4%)基本解释了其年际变化,其中空间第一模态呈同相分布,在东海中部及西部的变动幅度最大;空间第二和第三模态主要呈反相分布,分别在九州岛南部及黄海区域变动幅度较大。水舌温度的EOF第一模态(69.6%)呈空间同相分布,变动幅度在渤、黄海较大,在东海南部较小。水舌位置和水舌温度都存在准2~3 a周期的年际变化,但只有水舌位置EOF第二模态通过95%水平的显著性检验。海表相对较均匀的负净热通量(海洋向大气输送热量),使得浅水区SST比深水区下降得快,水深(上混合层深度)是冷暖水舌形成的原因之一;平流热输送的空间差异显著且在冷暖水舌区域中的作用最大,在冷舌区域起到降温作用,在暖舌区域起到增温作用,平流热输送是冷暖水舌形成的主要原因。 相似文献