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海鱼AChE监测海水有机磷农药的可行性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
有机磷农药(OPs)对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE EC 3.1.1.7)具有专一性抑制作用,因此AChE常作为淡水和土壤OPs污染的特异性标识物(biomarker).本文在海水背景下,通过测定两种有机磷农药(马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷)对海洋鱼类-鲈鱼[Lateolabrax japonicus(cuvier)]脑组织AChE的抑制效应,分析了海鱼AChE监测海水OPs的可行性.结果显示,抑制时间为20min时,抑制程度达到相对稳定;在低浓度OPs抑制下,纯酶液比粗酶液表现出更好的敏感性,对马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的灵敏度分别达到0.28μg*L-1和0.2μg*L-1;在一定浓度范围内,AChE活力对OPs具有显著的线性响应.研究表明,利用鲈鱼AChE指示和监测海水OPs的微污染是完全可行的. 相似文献
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为获得不含农药的当地海水在利用酶传感器监测海水有机磷农药时作为对照溶液使用,选用苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5作为吸附剂,对含马拉硫磷和甲基对硫磷的海水样品进行动态吸附研究。发现该树脂较适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在温度10℃,流速0.5mL.min-1的条件下,10g树脂制成的吸附柱处理含500μg.L-1马拉硫磷的海水样品(乙酰胆碱酯酶活性抑制率为30.0%),出水的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性抑制率仅为0.4%,而对海水自身的性质没有显著影响。结果表明:苯乙烯型大孔吸附树脂ASD5适合去除海水中的微量马拉硫磷,在海水有机磷农药的酶传感器监测中有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
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通过固相微萃取(SPME)技术富集海水中6种硫丹及其衍生物,使用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)测定和外标法定量,建立海水中硫丹及其衍生物的快速测定方法。结果表明:硫丹及其衍生物的线性范围为2.5～100.0μg/L,相关系数为0.990～0.998,检出限为0.10～21.30 ng/L。在3个加标条件(5,10和25μg/L)下,人工海水硫丹的加标回收率为85.60%～119.50%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.3%～7.8%。实际海水硫丹的加标回收率为90.60%～120.70%,相对标准偏差为1.6%～7.9%。该方法应用于青岛近岸海域海水的测试,在青岛近岸水体中未检出α-硫丹和β-硫丹,检出硫丹衍生物:硫丹醚(N.D.～1.758μg/L),硫丹内酯(1.040～11.260μg/L)和硫丹硫酸酯(1.009～6.091μg/L)。实际应用表明该方法前处理简便易行、灵敏度高,并可满足海水中硫丹及其衍生物的快速检测分析。 相似文献
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本文首次采用 Nafion和 Co(salen) /Nafion修饰铂电极测定海水中的 NO,对实验条件进行了选择 ,确定了最佳实验条件 ,即反应池通氮除氧 30 min,富集时间为 4min。同时用线性扫描法对海水中的 NO进行测定 ,测得海水中 NO的浓度与氧化峰电流之间有一定线性关系。对 Nafion修饰电极而言 ,线性范围 1～ 76.9μmol/L,R2 =0 .991 6,检出限为 1 μmol/L。同时对 2种方法修饰的铂电极进行了比较 ,即当 NO浓度在 1 0 -6mol/L数量级时 2种电极基本上无差别 ,而在 1 0 -7mol/L数量级时 Co(salen) /Nafion修饰电极要明显优于 Nafion修饰电极 相似文献
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研究了黑鲷(Sparusmacro cephalus)在实验生态条件下暴露于不同浓度苯并(a)芘(benzo(a)pyrene,BaP)后,肝脏乙氧基异吩噁唑酮脱乙基酶(EROD)活性在不同暴露时相的动力学变化情况.EROD活性采用动力学方法测定.实验结果表明,暴露于较低质量浓度BaP(0.5,1.0μg/L)黑鲷肝脏的EROD活性在2 d后极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),2.0μg/L组则在2 h后极显著高于对照组,并且随暴露时间的延长,诱导程度表现出不同的下降趋势,而暴露于高质量浓度组(5.0 μg/L)的肝脏EROD活性极显著性诱导出现在12h.总体上较高质量浓度组(2.0,5.0μg/L)EROD活性出现极显著性诱导的时间比低质量浓度组(0.5,1.0μg/L)早,诱导程度也比低质量浓度组的高.在净化实验中各暴露组肝脏EROD活性均下降,与空白对照组比较均没有显著性差异,说明试验浓度没有超出严重损伤肝脏自身恢复系统的范围,在此浓度范围内污染的鱼通过净化可清除BaP污染. 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(1)
壬基酚是一种具有雌激素效应的内分泌干扰物,同时具有致癌作用。壬基酚在水环境中广泛存在,但是目前对其有效去除的技术有限。本文研究并比较了海藻酸钠包埋固定的三角褐指藻与悬浮自由藻对海水中壬基酚的去除和降解能力,实验设置了2个壬基酚浓度组,分别为低浓度组(1μg/L)和高浓度组(10μg/L)。结果表明:在2个浓度组中固定化藻细胞和自由藻细胞的细胞密度和叶绿素a浓度在168h的处理时间内均呈现类似的增长趋势;168h后,固定化藻细胞和自由藻细胞对壬基酚的去除率和降解率均达到95%左右。由于固定化藻珠具有易收获、可生产生物能源等优点,因此固定化三角褐指藻更适合于海水中壬基酚的去除。 相似文献
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本文研究并建立了海水中测定砷形态的液相色谱—原子荧光法,进行了实验参数流动相浓度、pH、流速的优化。在优化的实验条件下,采用Hamilton PRP-X100分析柱在6 min内可以完成三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷3种形态的分离、检测。在载流5%HCl,还原剂2%KBH4和0.5%KOH,进样量100μL条件下,三价砷、甲基砷和五价砷检出限分别为0.31μg/L、0.52μg/L和0.36μg/L。在浓度2～80μg/L范围内,3种砷形态均有良好的线性关系,相关系数均优于0.999。用本文所建立的方法进行了海水样品中无机砷和有机砷形态的测试,海水中三价砷、甲基砷的含量较低,五价砷稍高,说明海水中砷形态主要以五价砷存在,当加标量为5～10μg/L时,加标回收率在73%～104%之间。该方法操作前处理简单,灵敏度高、运行费用低廉,适用于海水中砷形态的测试。 相似文献
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海洋腐植质的研究——Ⅲ.长江口及东海海水和沉积物中腐植质的分布 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文介绍了测定海水和沉积物中腐植质(HS)含量的方法,并对长江口和东海海水、沉积物中的HS含量进行了调查研究。综合1981—1983年的调查资料,结果表明:124°E以西的长江口海区,表层海水中HS的浓度为150—435μg/L,与盐度S有负相关关系;124°E以东海域,其浓度为100—150μg/L,变化幅度较小。上述海区沉积物中的HS含量为0.416—3.371mg/g,其含量的变化与该海区沉积物颗粒的大小密切相关。 相似文献
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固定化活性污泥处理海水冲厕污水研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
确定了固定化污泥最佳的包埋剂配比,研究了不同温度、作用时间、pH值、微生物浓度和氯离子浓度条件下固定化污泥对人工海水冲厕污水的处理效果。结果表明,包埋剂最佳配比为聚乙烯醇(PVA)80 g/L、海藻酸钠4 g/L、活性炭10 g/L、SiO210 g/L、CaCO31.25 g/L。在30℃下固定化污泥对NH3-N和CODCr的去除效果最好,12 h时其去除率分别为83.9%和84.2%。固定化污泥在pH4~10之间均有很好的去除效果,其适宜用量为75 g/L,氯离子浓度的增大对NH3-N的去除几乎没有影响,但对CODCr的去除效果降低。曝气试验表明,固定化颗粒运行2个月情况良好,出水NH3-N和CODCr符合二级污水综合排放标准。 相似文献
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春季北黄海表层海水中溶解游离氨基酸的分布与组成研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2007年4月用高效液相色谱法分析北黄海42个站位表层海水中溶解游离氨基酸(DFAA)浓度的分布特征及组成。本次调查还分析了Chl a的浓度分布以及DFAA与Chl a之间的关系。结果表明:北黄海表层海水中DFAA浓度的变化范围为0.19～1.15μmol·L~(-1),平均浓度为(0.52±0.24)μmol·L~(-1);Chl a的浓度变化范围为0.24～4.76μg·L~(-1),平均值为(1.02±0.81)μg·L~(-1)。总体看来含量最多的个体氨基酸分别为丝氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸,它们占DFAA含量的70.7%;而在高Chl a浓度与低Chl a浓度站位间DFAA的组成存在较大差异。本次调查发现DFAA与Chl a浓度间存在一定的相关性(R=0.344,n=42,P0.05)。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献