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M. M. Naumov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(11):763-766
Issues concerning the growth and biological time of agricultural crops are under consideration. A closed system of equations
is derived for calculating total dry biomass and biological time of plants. The model parameters are given, and the model
is verified based on the experimental data of observations of the sunflower in the southern conditions of the Ukraine. 相似文献
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简要比较了中国科学院大气物理研究所对2005年夏季中国降水跨季度预测与实况的异同,并对2005年夏季我国主要雨带及降水偏少区的形成与东亚热带、副热带以及中高纬度大气环流系统的配置进行了分析。对2005年夏季西太平洋副高的异常活动预测不好,这是造成跨季度降水预测有失误之处的主要原因之一。2005年夏季在亚洲对流层中高层,沿着副热带急流轴准静止Rossby波有几次能量传播过程,西太平洋副高的北抬与西伸与副热带急流中Rossby波的活动强度有一定的对应关系,因而产生了亚洲不同地区高影响性的灾害性天气。 相似文献
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差分吸收光谱技术(DOAS)已经被广泛用于各种污染气体浓度的测量,其中影响其测量精度的主要因素就是气体吸收截面的测量.利用Lambert Beer 吸收定律以及自主设计的测量装置对大气的主要污染气体NO的吸收截面进行了测量,并采用多项式拟合的方法提高了测量的精度,根据所测得的吸收截面反演了NO气体的浓度值,取得了良好的效果. 相似文献
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利用玉屏国家地面气象观测站1961—2016年逐日平均气温资料,采用《气候季节划分》(QX/T15—2012)方法,对玉屏县四季起始日期及长度进行分析。结果表明:(1)玉屏县常年四季起始日期:入春3月5日,入夏5月23日,入秋9月22日,入冬11月28日;四季长度:春季79 d,夏季122 d,秋季67 d,冬季97 d。(2)56 a来玉屏县春季起始日期呈提前趋势,长度呈增加趋势,两者均在20世纪90年代前后出现了转折,但未发生气候突变;夏季起始日期及长度趋势变化不明显;秋季起始日期呈推后趋势,长度变化不明显;冬季起始日期变化不明显,长度呈减少趋势;春季长度增加、冬季长度减少主要为春季起始日期提前所致。(3)玉屏县四季起始日期的年际变幅大,起始日期比常年偏早(晚)连续2候以上的异常年份,春季为23%,夏季为27%,秋季为32%,冬季为25%。(4)玉屏县春季开始后出现低于季节指标≥1候的概率达41%,表明玉屏县春季出现倒春寒天气的概率很大。(5)比较气象行标法与稳定通过法的四季起始日期及长度,气象行标法对玉屏县的四季划分更能满足于农业生产的需要。 相似文献
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国内民航机场主要使用的雨量观测设备为芬兰维萨拉公司生产的RG13型雨量传感器,为保证雨量测量数据的真实可靠,对其测量结果的不确定度分析很有必要。根据自动气象站现场校准方法,分别进行大雨强和小雨强的重复测试,并依据JJF1059.1-2012测量不确定度的评定与表示要求,进行A类不确定度评定。分析测量过程中的B类不确定度来源,进行B类评定,最终给出扩展不确定度。结果表明：在小雨强下,测量不确定度为U95=0.17mm,包含因子k=2。在大雨强下,测量不确定度为U95=0.16mm,包含因子k=2。该研究完善了雨量传感器的现场校准工作流程,对雨量传感器测量结果的可信度评定具有参考价值。 相似文献
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对2004年夏季安徽省降水以及850 hPa涡度、水汽通量散度场进行Morlet小波分析，结果发现:6月中下旬，三者都存在着2~6 d，7~15 d以及18~30 d的振荡周期，并且三者的各频带的低频分量与实际降水距平的对应关系较好。其中18~30 d低频涡旋系统和水汽通量散度具有源自孟加拉湾和中南半岛自西南向安徽省传播特征；7~15 d低频涡旋系统主要是沿着中纬度地区自西向东传入安徽省，低频水汽通量散度则由低纬度地区自南向北传入安徽省。6月中下旬赤道西太平洋地区沿东南-西北向移动的7~15 d低频气旋和反气旋波列，以及安徽省附近低层流场的2~6 d高频变化，为其6月中下旬的三次强降水过程提供了有利条件。 相似文献
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对１９５９—２０００年广西汛期（４～９月）暴雨的年、月分布和广西汛期暴雨天气过程的季节分布及主要影响天气系统进行深入分析，得到了广西汛期暴雨的若干重要特征，对广西汛期划分提出了改进意见。 相似文献
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The preference rankings of a rural population in central British Columbia, Canada of potential environmental effects of climate change were assessed using the psychometric method of paired comparison. The survey results were used to develop an interval scale for eight hypothetical, but potential, environmental effects including major and minor impacts to water and fish, forest ecosystems, wildlife, and scenic and recreation. Interval scales were developed for the total sample as well as sub-samples made up of females, males, town residents, non-town residents, respondents with high school or less education, and respondents with at least some post-secondary education. Major impacts on water and fish were considered to be the most serious effects followed by major impacts on forest ecosystems and major impacts on wildlife. Major effects on scenic and recreation were ranked below minor effects on water and fish. Responses from the sub-samples were similar with some minor deviations. For example, females ranked major impacts on wildlife higher than males, and males ranked major impact on scenic and recreation higher than females. However, the overall rankings of females and males were highly correlated. This study showed climate change effects on environmental goods and services in terms of human preferences. A human preferences perspective (combined with biophysical assessments) is required for determining local adaptation priorities and for guiding impacts and adaptation research. The methodology and approach has potential for broader application. 相似文献
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The global UK Met office Unified Model (UM) is currently operational at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), the global model named as NCUM. An inter-comparison of two different versions of NCUM has been carried out for simulating the track and intensity of Tropical Cyclones (TCs), which formed over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). For this purpose, two series of numerical experiments named as NCUM25 (New Dynamical core with NCUM N512 resolution) and NCUM17 (ENDGame core with NCUM N768 resolution and upgraded physics and data assimilation scheme) are carried out with seven different initial conditions (ICs) for two TCs. The results suggested that the location, intensity, and vertical structure of the TCs are reasonably well predicted by the NCUM17 over the NCUM25. The Direct Position Error (DPE) and landfall error of TCs are reduced in the NCUM17 in comparison to the NCUM25 for all initial conditions. The mean DPEs and intensity error are reduced by 21–41% and 18–21% in NCUM17 over NCUM25 in both the cases respectively. Improvements in mean landfall position errors are shown to range from 43 to 65% in the NCUM17 as compared to the NCUM25. The mean statistical skill scores for rainfall are considerably improved in NCUM17. 相似文献
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N. A. Sanotskaya 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(9):629-633
Considered is the method of determination of atmospheric turbidity using weak lidar signals when the problem is mathematically incorrect due to the presence of the background noise. An accuracy of the method can be increased by means of using the procedure of effective averaging and linear approximation of the transmission in the case of the low attenuation coefficient. 相似文献
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热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热带气旋的眼墙非对称结构与其发展过程密切相关。在热带气旋移动过程中,非对称风场伴随着边界层内非对称摩擦而引起的辐合,影响着热带气旋眼墙内的对流分布。此外,风垂直切变作为影响热带气旋强度的重要因子,将上层暖心吹离表层环流,引起眼墙垂直运动的非对称,导致云、降水在方位角方向的非均匀分布。当存在平均涡度的径向梯度时,罗斯贝类型的波动可以存在于涡旋内核区域,影响眼墙非对称结构。海洋为热带气旋提供潜热和感热形式的能量,是热带气旋发展的重要能量来源,关于海洋如何影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的相关研究较少。文中着重回顾了热带气旋与海洋相互作用的研究成果,并提出海洋影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的机制。海洋对热带气旋最显著的响应特征是冷尾效应,该效应通过降低海表温度,减少海洋向大气输送的潜热和感热,从而影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构。此外,海浪改变海表粗糙度,通过边界层影响移动热带气旋的眼墙结构。 相似文献
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葡萄冻害严重影响着我国北方葡萄的正常生产和品质,采取适宜的越冬防寒技术是确保葡萄产业健康发展的关键。通过查阅我国北方地区有关葡萄防寒越冬的相关方法和技术,以葡萄冻害入手,分别从覆盖保温被、保温膜、草帘等保温材料,埋土覆盖越冬防寒措施以及积雪覆盖的保温作用等多方面,分析对比了各防寒越冬技术的材料、原理、效果及优缺点。提出了以下建议:(1)葡萄安全越冬应采取因地制宜的措施,对于葡萄本身来说应采用综合的葡萄抗寒性锻炼,提高葡萄抗寒能力。(2)在探索不同地区切实有效、经济实惠的防寒越冬措施时,需要充分注重细节;不同覆膜技术和埋土技术应因地制宜,选择适合的安全越冬方式;在温度不是太寒冷的地区可采用机械埋土技术。(3)应该继续开发机械覆膜技术,以节约经济和劳力投入。(4)基于双层膜技术的保温效果及经济投入状况,以及自身在环保、耐磨以及人力投入较大等自身不足等特点,建议选择双层膜环保耐磨新材料,结合机械化覆膜新技术,在寒冷且风沙强烈的地区加以大力推广,这可能是未来葡萄防寒越冬措施的发展趋势。 相似文献
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Dr D. M. Le Vine 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1987,37(3):195-204
Summary A review is presented of the measurements reported in the literature of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from lightning in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 GHz. Measurements have been made either by monitoring the power received at inidividual frequencies using a narrow bandwidth recording device or by recording the transient (time dependent) radiation with a wide bandwidth device and then Fourier transforming the waveform to obtain a spectrum. Measurements of the first type were made extensively in the 1950's and 1960's and several composite spectra have been deduced by normalizing the data of different investigators to common units of bandwidth and distance. The composite spectra tend to peak near 5 kHz and then decrease roughly as 1/(frequency) up to nearly 100 MHz where scatter in the data make the behaviour uncertain. The spectrum obtained with measurements of the second type is similar. Recent experiments have extended the frequency range covered to several 10's of MHz and include spectra for return strokes, the stepped leader and for some intracloud processes. The spectrum of first return strokes obtained in this manner is very similar to the spectrum of the composite flash obtained from the narrowband measurements.With 9 Figures 相似文献
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通过对2009年7月在高原主体上利用ASD公司的野外光谱仪FieldSpec3采集到的不同地表光谱曲线的分析,结果表明:不同的下垫面具有非常典型的地物反射光谱曲线,沙化地的反射曲线相对平滑,在350~1800nm区间除去在700nm和1400nm有两个吸收谷以外,其他地方都呈反射状态,沙化地根据地表状况不同表现出不同幅值的反射率;油菜地的反射特征为从350nm开始吸收,在550nm出现一个反射峰后开始反射,到700nm附近出现一个吸收谷,反射率开始急剧上升,到740nm上升到最大,反射率维持在一个高位值上变化,一直到930nm附近出现一个反射谷,在1130nm附近,反射率开始呈下降的趋势;草地的反射曲线兼具绿色植物和沙化地的特征。 相似文献
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Eight sets of numerical experiments are performed in 48 hours of integtation by using a barotropic primitive equation model with a topographic term so as to investigate the effect of topography on the merging of vortices. It is pointed out that the introduction of topography may change the track of vortices,and it causes the low vortices and vorticity lumps to be detained on the southeast side of the topography,thus creating a favorable condition for the merging of the low vortex and vorticity lumps. It is also shown that the effect of topography may cause double mergers of vortices in a horizontally shearing basic flow,and it can strengthen the low vortex remarkably. 相似文献