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为探究超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)在条斑紫菜响应温度和失水胁迫时发挥的作用,本文利用生物信息学的方法对条斑紫菜SOD基因家族的进化树、染色体定位、基因结构和蛋白结构等方面进行研究分析。在条斑紫菜中共鉴定出12个SOD基因(PySOD),包括8种Cu/Zn-SOD、3种Mn-SOD和1种Fe-SOD,不均等地分布在3条染色体上,且各含0～2个内含子;SOD基因启动子区域含有不同数目的胁迫响应、生长发育和激素响应元件;Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD二级结构中α螺旋所占比重大,Cu/Zn-SOD中β折叠所占比重大。基于条斑紫菜受到温度和失水胁迫的转录组数据和qPCR结果,PySOD不同胁迫条件下具有不同的表达模式,尤其在失水胁迫时Cu/Zn-SOD表达量呈现不同程度的上调。这种PySOD基因的全基因组分析为了解植物中SOD基因的进化关系提供信息,并且条斑紫菜受温度和失水胁迫时SOD基因的表达分析为改良条斑紫菜育种提供参考。 相似文献
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条斑紫菜外生细菌的遗传多样性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为研究藻际微生物多样性与紫菜健康养殖的关系,从江苏南通(养殖)、山东青岛(野生)、浙江温州(养殖)三地的条斑紫菜叶状体和江苏东台条斑紫菜贝壳丝状体及其周围的海水样品中分离了条斑紫菜外生细菌。根据菌落特征和菌体形态将获得的63株细菌分为21种表型。16SrDNA-V3片段DGGE分析结合序列测序比对结果表明:这些菌株与假交替单孢菌(Pseudoalteromonas)、嗜冷单胞菌(Psychrobacter)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)等10属相应菌株具有较高的同源性。通过对条斑紫菜外生细菌区系多样性分析得出:条斑紫菜藻体外生细菌组成与生活环境相关,但不同于周围海水细菌群落;不同来源(地点)、不同生理状况(健康与病烂)和不同生长阶段(叶状体和丝状体)的条斑紫菜外生菌种群组成差异较大。许多外生细菌对常见测试菌、海水养殖动物致病菌和人致病菌具有抑菌活性,其抑菌特点与紫菜生理性状相关。从健康条斑紫菜样品分离的外生菌中假交替单孢菌占优势,病烂紫菜未分离到假交替单孢菌,提示假交替单孢菌可能与紫菜健康生长有密切关系。 相似文献
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我国的紫菜生产已有200多年的悠久历史，但是全人工栽培紫菜到本世纪60年代才开始，而条斑紫菜的人工栽培则始于70年代。目前我国条斑紫菜栽培面积最大的是江苏省沿海，该地区滩涂广阔平坦，适合紫菜生长，现在紫菜已成为群众性生产的海产品之一。
条斑紫菜生活史分丝状体和叶状体两个阶段，在这两个阶段中可以产生三种孢子：紫菜叶状体成熟后放散的果孢子，它萌发长成紫菜丝状体；紫菜丝状体成熟后可以放散壳孢子，这种孢子萌发长成紫菜叶状体；紫菜叶状体在生长过程中不断形成、放散单孢子，这种单孢子也长成叶状体(曾呈奎、张德瑞，1954)。
在条斑紫菜栽培中，一般应用紫菜丝状体所放散的壳孢子为苗源，所以对壳孢子苗的生理生态特性已有较深入的了解(中国科学院海洋研究所，1978)。但有关单孢子的生理生态，则未见较系统的报道。
在条斑紫菜的试验和栽培中，早已观察到紫菜叶状体在生长过程中放散单孢子，这些单孢子对增加紫菜苗量起到一定的作用。60年代王素娟等曾利用紫菜这一特性在自然苗网上进行过“母子网”附苗试验，之后崔广法等又用人工苗网进行了“母子网”附苗的生产性试验。这种方法可以增加栽培面积和收获量，但不能全部替代壳孢子苗，还需要培养紫菜丝状体。培育紫菜丝状体所需设备多、时间长，并易发病害，管理技术比较复杂。如果充分利用单孢子作为苗源来取代壳孢子苗，就可简化条斑紫菜的生产过程。为此，作者对条斑紫菜单孢子及其幼苗的生长发育进行了室内、外的培养实验，研究它同环境因子的关系，及其在大面积生产中的应用。 相似文献
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植物在逆境下产生活性氧,诱导抗氧化酶活性、抗逆基因表达上调。采用梯度盐度胁迫的方法处理条斑紫菜,发现高盐胁迫下细胞内脱落酸(ABA)含量随盐度的增加而增加,提示条斑紫菜中可能存在ABA介导的抗氧化代谢通路。利用ABA间接合成途径相关的几种抑制剂处理条斑紫菜叶状体,高盐胁迫诱导氧自由基产生,在藻体复苏过程中通过测定光合作用参数的恢复情况,探测藻体受到的氧化伤害,从而证明条斑紫菜中ABA生物合成的可能路径。结果显示多效唑显著降低了光系统II的电子传递能力,说明条斑紫菜中C5前体的合成是通过类似真菌的MVA途径;萘普生减缓了光合参数的恢复,说明条斑紫菜中ABA合成途径类似于类胡萝卜素参与的间接途径;然而,间接途径合成最后一步的抑制剂钨酸钠却没有影响条斑紫菜胁迫后光合作用参数的恢复,说明条斑紫菜中可能存在经由脱落醇生成ABA的支路途径,而脱落醇可作为活性分子,调控抗氧化酶的表达。烯唑醇则可能引起ABA的分解代谢受到抑制,导致过氧化氢的过度产生,并最终对机体产生不利影响。本文的结果为后续条斑紫菜ABA介导的抗氧化机制解析提供了数据支持。 相似文献
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条斑紫菜单孢子和壳孢子幼苗生长发育的初步观察 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
紫菜生活史分丝状体和叶状体两个生长发育阶段。条斑紫菜丝状体成熟后放散的壳孢子萌发成叶状体,幼叶状体又可放散单孢子,单孢子也萌发成长为叶状体,在适宜条件下可以重复几代。可见,虽然壳孢子是叶状体养殖的苗源,单孢子苗在条斑紫菜养殖上也占有很重要的地位。 目前,国内外对紫菜壳孢子苗的生态习性已经作了一些研究,对叶状体形成,放散 相似文献
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《应用海洋学学报》2015,(3)
细胞质型果糖1,6-二磷酸酶(c FBPase)是糖异生途径的主要限速酶,它除了主要参与蔗糖合成途径的调控外,对其他碳水化合物的合成与分配也产生一定影响.本文以坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)转录组测序获得的unigene序列为基础,采用c DNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术克隆了坛紫菜c FBPase基因序列,命名为Phc FBPase(Gen Bank收录号:KM434064).序列分析结果表明,Phc FBPase序列全长1 406 bp,包含一个1 101 bp的开放阅读框,所编码的多肽包含366个氨基酸,分子量为39.1 k Da,等电点为5.42.基因表达水平的定量分析结果表明Phc FBPase基因在坛紫菜叶状体世代的表达水平显著高于丝状体世代,意味着坛紫菜生活史两个不同世代的光合固碳机制存在差异性;对坛紫菜叶状体进行高温胁迫不同时间水平,该基因的表达水平在胁迫初期表现为先上调表达,随着胁迫时间延长又开始下调表达,即在短时间的高温胁迫下,Phc FBPase基因的表达有一个应激上调的过程,但长时间的高温胁迫则会抑制Phc FBPase基因的表达;不同失水胁迫条件下,Phc FBPase基因的表达不受低水平的失水胁迫影响,但可被高水平(45%)的失水胁迫所抑制,并可在复水后迅速回升至正常水平.由此说明Phc FBPase基因在应答环境逆境胁迫时,没有发挥明显的主动拮抗作用,而只是被动的适应. 相似文献
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条斑紫菜光系统Ⅱ反应中心蛋白编码psbA和psbD 的表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从条斑紫菜（Porphyra yezoensis Ueda）的3个不同的生长阶段：壳孢子、孢子体和配子体中提取总RNA,并用相应基因的引物扩增序列,用荧光定量PCR技术检测条斑紫菜3个生长阶段中psbA和psbD的转录水平变化。结果表明,psbA和psbD的变化趋势不一致,并且,在壳孢子内基因表达量相对较高。这说明在细胞内,D1蛋白和D2蛋白并非同比例合成。壳孢子成熟发育成叶状体的过程要求光合作用提供更多的能量。 相似文献
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Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
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Spatial Heterogeneity in Distributions of Chlorophyll a Derivatives in the Subarctic North Pacific during Summer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The distribution of chlorophyll a derivatives was examined in samples collected from the subarctic North Pacific during July to September 1997. Pheophorbide a, pheophytin a and pyropheophorbide a as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were the major derivatives recorded. The distribution patterns of chlorophyll a and its derivatives showed a strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneity. Patches with high concentration of derivatives seemed to be associated with high concentration of chlorophyll a. A clear east-west gradient was observed in both chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a integrated from the surface to 100 m depth with significantly higher amounts of both the pigments in the Western Subarctic Gyre and in the Bering Sea than in the Alaskan Gyre. In contrast, no apparent gradient was observed in the integrated pyropheophorbide a and pheophytin a. Grazing experiments conducted with the copepod (Neocalanus cristatus) and salp (Cyclosalpa bakeri) fed on five species of phytoplankton cultures, showed a marked difference in the composition of the derivatives in their fecal pellets. Pyropheophorbide a was dominant in the copepod fecal pellet regardless of the phytoplankton species fed on. In the salp, however, pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were found in the fecal pellets, the relative concentrations varying with the algal food. Spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of the derivatives is considered to reflect local variations in dominant herbivorous processes. 相似文献
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为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
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Seasonal monitoring of the levels of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in two green macroalgae (Ulva and Enteromorpha) was carried out at 22 sampling sites in four embayments (rías) on the northwest coast of Spain. Sediments were also analysed to determine the concentrations of these elements as well as organic matter, organic carbon, iron and texture. In addition, accumulations of Ulva were monitored. Nitrogen levels in algae were similar to those found in comparable studies, whereas carbon concentrations were generally higher and those of phosphorus were lower. As a result the macroalgae were relatively enriched by carbon and nitrogen compared with phosphorus. Seasonal variations in algal tissue nitrogen and phosphorus followed the usual pattern for temperate zones, with minimum levels in summer and maximum levels in winter. Variations in carbon concentrations were much less accentuated. The low levels of P in the algae appear to indicate limitation by this element, however, comparison of the monthly changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in Ulva with the critical concentrations of these elements suggests dual nutrient limitation in this alga in summer. By contrast, the sediments were more enriched by phosphorus; high retention of this element by the sediment may explain the low levels in algae. The highest accumulations of Ulva occurred in spring and summer; hydrodynamic factors appeared to be important in determining the extent of these accumulations. 相似文献
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engrailed基因属于同源异形基因家族成员,在许多动物的分节、附肢发育、神经系统发育和贝壳形成过程中发挥作用。本研究克隆了长牡蛎两个engrailed同源基因,命名为cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2。序列分析表明,两个基因均具备典型engrailed基因保守的5个EH结构域。利用整装原位杂交技术检测了cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2在贝壳形成的关键时期早期D形幼虫时期的表达情况。结果显示,cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2 m RNA高表达于贝壳外缘,可能与早期贝壳形成过程有关。此外,两个基因的在贝壳外缘的表达模式亦有区别,提示两个基因的功能可能存在一定程度的分化。本研究首次系统鉴定了长牡蛎engrailed基因的成员,并发现它们可能均参与幼虫贝壳形成,研究结果有助于加深对贝类早期发育及贝壳形成的理解。 相似文献
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Resource partioning among the planktivorous stages of eight fish species occurring in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon was studied. Five species were migratory mullets that spawned in the sea (Liza ramada, L. aurata, L. saliens, Chelon labrosusandMugil cephalus), while the other three species were resident and spawned in the lagoon (Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpioandGambusia holbrooki).Mullet fry exhibited similar diets, based on the consumption of zooplanktonic Crustacea such as copepods and cladocerans, although adult chironomids were also important.Gambusia holbrookiandA. boyerifed on small prey such as copepod nauplii, copepodites and rotifers, whileC. carpioconsumed larger prey preferentially (cladocerans and copepods).According to the trophic overlap and niche width results, seven species pairs could be competing in the estuary, although further experimental evidence is still required. 相似文献
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Kazushi Aranami Shuichi Watanabe Shizuo Tsunogai Masato Hayashi Ken Furuya Toshi Nagata 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(3):315-322
Dimethylsulfide (DMS), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), accessory pigments (fucoxanthin, peridinin and 19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin), and bacterial production (BP) were measured in the surface layer (0–100 m) of the subarctic North Pacific, including the Bering Sea, during summer (14 July–5 September, 1997). In surface sewater, the concentrations of DMS and Chl-a varied widely from 1.3 to 13.2 nM (5.1 ± 3.0 nM, mean ± S.D., n = 48) and from 0.1 to 2.4 µg L–1 (0.6 ± 0.6 µg L–1, n = 24), respectively. In the subarctic North Pacific, DMS to Chl-a ratios (DMS/Chl-a) were higher on the eastern side than the western side (p < 0.0001). Below the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were law and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was relatively strong (r
2 = 0.700, n = 27, p < 0.0001). In the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were higher and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was weak (r
2 = 0.128, n = 50, p = 0.01). The wide variation in DMS/Chl-a ratios would be at least partially explained by the geographic variation in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton, because of the negative correlation between DMS/Chl-a and fucoxanthin-to-Chl-a ratios (Fuc/Chl-a) (r
2 = 0.476, n = 26, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between DMS and BP (r
2 = 0.380, n = 19, p = 0.005). This suggests that BP did not represent DMS and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) removal by bacterial consumption but rather DMSP degradation to DMS by bacterial enzyme. 相似文献
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车轮虫是一类主要寄生于贝类和鱼类体表的缘毛类纤毛虫原生动物。本文对分别寄生于海洋贝类－－虾夷扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis,半咸水鱼类－－鲻鱼Mugil cephalus和双色鳗鲡Anguilla bicolor bicolor,以及淡水鱼类－－光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus鳃表和体表的虾夷扇贝车轮虫Trichodina pectenis,亚卓车轮虫T.jadranica,急尖车轮虫T.acuta和喙状车轮虫T.rostrata,进行了详细的分类学研究。本文第一次报道了虾夷扇贝车轮虫的活体和蛋白银染色后特征,该虫体也是国内新记录种。其它三个车轮虫物种感染的鱼类,均属新纪录宿主。同时,也报道了这四种车轮虫对宿主的感染率和感染强度。 相似文献
20.
2014年夏季南海北部超微型浮游植物分布及环境因子影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用流式细胞仪BD Accuri C6对2014年夏季南海北部超微型浮游植物进行了现场的观测研究,发现了3类超微型光合自养浮游植物,聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus,Pro)和超微型真核藻类(pico-eukaryotes,Euk),并对其丰度与分布以及环境因子影响进行了研究。结果表明,Syn、Pro和Euk丰度总平均值分别为5.13×103个/mL,3.27×104个/mL和1.85×103个/mL,碳生物量均值分别为1.19μg/L,1.86μg/L和4.51μg/L。Syn、Pro和Euk的丰度表现出不同的分布特征。Syn、Pro和Euk丰度分布趋势呈现近海低而外海高,Syn和Euk丰度高值区分别出现在沿岸带与陆架和上升流影响海域,Pro丰度高值区出现在沿岸带与陆架,低值区出现在上升流影响海域。Syn、Euk丰度高值区主要分布在次表层,Pro丰度高值区主要分布在真光层底部,Euk丰度垂直变化差异相对Syn和Pro较小。超微型浮游植物与环境因子的相关性分析结果表明,Syn、Pro和Euk的碳生物量均与硝酸盐、硅酸盐浓度和深度呈现负相关关系,Pro的碳生物量与磷酸盐浓度呈现正相关关系。 相似文献