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采用分步降温法冷冻保存太平洋鳕(Gadus macrocephalus)精液,并用扫描电镜和透射电镜技术研究了精子的超微结构损伤。分析了添加剂(蛋黄)及五种抗冻剂(PG(丙二醇)、DMSO(二甲基亚砜)、EG(乙二醇)、GLY(甘油)、MeOH(甲醇))不同浓度(8%、10%、12%、14%、16%、18%)对太平洋鳕精子冷冻保存效果的影响。实验结果表明,蛋黄能够显著提高太平洋鳕冷冻保存效果(P0.05);12%PG中添加10%蛋黄保存的冻融精子运动率最高(85.87%±1.6%),显著高于其他冻存组(P0.05)。添加蛋黄的12%浓度的DMSO组解冻后精子运动速率较高,平均直线速度、平均曲线速度、平均路径速度分别达到了(120.39±20.78)μm/s、(120.39±20.78)μm/s、(155.64±12.02)μm/s,与其他各实验组差异显著(P0.05)。通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察新鲜和冻融后的鳕鱼精子发现,鲜精中75.5%精子形态结构正常、24.5%精子形态结构异常;运动率最高的冻精中67%精子形态结构正常、33%精子形态结构异常。超低温保存对太平洋鳕精子结构产生了显著影响,细胞膜破裂、线粒体肿胀变形,鞭毛脱落、断裂。 相似文献
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The localization of nitric oxide synthases （NOS） is dealed with in the developing gonads of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense. It was found by NADPH-diaphorase staining that （1） NOS activity was present in the nuclear membranes of germinal vesicles during the entire period ofoocyte development; （2） NOS was localized in both the nuclear membranes and the perinuclear region of cytoplasm in the vitellogenetic oocytes; （3） NOS was relocated in the cortical layer in the mature egg; （4） NOS activity was present in spermatocytes, but not in the spermatogonia in the middle of October; （5） NOS was detected in both spermatozoa and spermatids as well as spermatocytes during the breeding season. This is the first report on the distribution pattern of NOS in the developing gonads in protochordates. These results suggest a role for NOS in the functioning of the nuclear membranes and yolk synthesis during oogenesis and in cell division and differentiation during spermatogenesis. 相似文献
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The reliability of the recently published reconstructions of the surface air temperature variability in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 2000 yr is discussed. For this purpose, the power spectra of the two best known reconstructions (Mann et al.[10–12] and Moberg et al. [13]) are calculated and compared to the spectra of the 150-yr temperature series based on instrumental observations and simulated 1000-yr series. It is found that the Mann et al. reconstruction drastically underestimates low-frequency temperature variations, whereas the Moberg et al. reconstruction reproduces them much better, although with a certain underestimation rather than overestimation, as Mann et al. have recently argued. 相似文献
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模仿雄性锯缘青蟹第一腹肢,根据其在交配中的作用机制,采用常规滴管为材料,利用酒精灯灼热拉制一个前端弯曲、侧扁、管径大小接近第一腹肢的人工交接器.以无钙离子的人工海水作为青蟹人工授精的缓冲液,缓冲液中加入适量庆大霉素.首次对青蟹采用类似硬壳交配的方式,将成熟雄蟹贮精囊内的精荚和精液成功移植至雌蟹纳精囊中.结果表明精荚的人工移植不会破坏成熟雌蟹纳精囊的内环境,其内精子具正常受精能力.未交配雌青蟹精荚的人工移植没有正常产卵,但性腺得以促进发育,并能进行正常的生殖脱皮. 相似文献
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采用两步降温法超低温冷冻保存大黄鱼精子,并用透射电镜技术研究了精子的超微结构损伤.结果表明,大黄鱼冻精的激活率、运动时间及寿命与鲜精相比无显著差异.鲜精中28.5％的精子形态结构异常,冻精中37％的精子形态结构异常.形态结构正常的精子表现为质膜与核膜结构完整、无膨胀现象,袖套、轴丝及中心粒结构正常,线粒体形态完整、嵴较发达;形态结构异常的精子表现为质膜破裂、脱落,质膜膨胀,核膜破裂、脱落,核局部受损伤,线粒体膨胀、嵴退化或消失,线粒体移位或脱落.结果显示,以Cortland溶液为稀释液,10％ DMSO为抗冻剂,对大黄鱼精子具有较好的抗冻保护作用. 相似文献
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研究超低温冷冻保存(-196℃)对长鳍篮子鱼(Siganus canaliculatus)精子内总ATP酶、肌酸激酶(CK)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)等酶活性的影响.运用试剂盒分别测定了冷冻前后长鳍篮子鱼精子内几种酶活性的变化.结果表明,经过超低温冷冻保存后,精子内GR活性显著升高(P<0.05),酶活性从冻前的163.54 U/L±17.14 U/L上升到239.33 U/L±22.24U/L;其余7种酶的活性均显著下降(P<0.05),超低温冷冻对长鳍篮子鱼精子内不同酶活性和精子活力均有较大影响. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
Here we reply to a commentary by Ye et al. (Mar. Policy 2017; Ye et al.) on our article (Pauly and Zeller, 2017 [2]) commenting on FAO's interpretation of current fisheries trends in SOFIA 2016 (The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture). We show how arguments such as FAO's catch statistics being “the best they can possibly be”, and other manifestations of FAO's difficulties in constructively engaging with comments compromises FAO's stated goal to engage with academia and civil society. This is particularly serious in an age where the value of an open scientific discourse is increasingly under threat, as is the food security of many poor countries in which fish supplied by domestic fisheries constitutes a strong component of local diets. 相似文献
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The rate of wave overtopping of a barrier beach is measured and modeled. Unique rate of wave overtopping field data are obtained from the measure of the Carmel River, California, lagoon filling during a time when the lagoon is closed-off with no river inflow. Volume changes are based on measured lagoon height changes applied to a measured hypsometric curve. Wave heights and periods are obtained from directional wave spectra data in 15 m fronting the beach. Beach morphology was measured by GPS walking surveys. Three empirical overtopping models by Van der Meer and Janssen (1995), Hedges and Reis (1998) and Pullen et al. (2007) with differing parameterizations on wave height, period and beach slope and calibrated using extensive laboratory data obtained over plane, impermeable beaches are applied in a quasi-2D manner and compared with the field observations. Three overtopping events are considered when morphology data were available less than 2 weeks prior to the event. The models are tuned to fit the data using a reduction factor to account for beach permeability, berm characteristics, non-normal wave incidence and surface roughness influence. In addition, the run-up model by Stockdon et al. (2006) based on field data is examined and found to underestimate run-up as the calculated values were too small to predict any of the observed overtopping. The three overtopping models performed similarly well with values of 0.72–0.87 for the two narrow-banded wave cases, with an average reduction factor of 0.78. The European model (Pullen et. al., 2007) performed best overall and in particular for the case of the broad-banded, double peaked wave spectrum. 相似文献
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2002年3月,威海海域发现文昌鱼.研究观察了威海海域文昌鱼的主要形态特征,并与Branchiostoma belcheri和Branchiostoma japonicum做了相应比较,初步探讨其分类地位.结果表明,威海海域文昌鱼在体长与体高的比值(平均10.78±0.69)、肌节总数(平均67.12±0.87)、腹孔前肌节数(平均38.83±0.53)、腹孔～肛门肌节数(平均17.61±0.78)、肛门后肌节数(平均10.67±0.80)、背鳍室数目(平均308.55±15.65)、腹鳍室数目(平均57.26±5.07)、左侧生殖腺数目(平均25.69±2.24)和右侧生殖腺教目(平均28.20±2.03)等主要形态特征上与青岛海域的B.japonicum尤为接近.威海海域4月份性腺发育状况也与B.japonicum相符而不同于B.belcheri.认为威海海域文昌鱼为B.japonicum.为威海海域文昌鱼研究提供了基础资料,也为文昌鱼资源的保护和开发提供了必要依据. 相似文献
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采用慢性实验方法,研究在不同水温条件下饲养性腺发生前的文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)对其性腺分化和发育的影响。另外,在繁殖季节研究在低温16℃、中温22℃和高温28℃下饲养性成熟的文昌鱼对其产卵和排精的影响。同时,采用免疫组织化学方法对几种生殖相关激素在不同发育期文昌鱼的生殖调控轴(脑-哈氏窝-性腺)中的分布进行免疫识别,并用磁酶免定量测定方法检测睾酮和17 β-雌二醇在文昌鱼性腺中的含量,以分析和探讨水温影响文昌鱼生殖活动的内分泌机制。结果表明:低温有利于文昌鱼性腺向雌性分化,雌雄比例为4.2:1,中温和高温组则不受影响,雌雄数量大致相等。高水温则有利于文昌鱼的精巢发育和生精活动。28℃海水适于文昌鱼的产卵和排精。根据免疫组织化学和磁酶免定量测定的结果分析提示,温度影响文昌鱼性别分化和发育以及繁殖活动的内分泌机制是:首先水温经皮肤或哈氏窝化学感受器,刺激神经系统(脑泡)释放GnRH。然后GnRH促进哈氏窝分泌LH,从而可能刺激性腺产生和分泌性类固醇激素,始动文昌鱼性腺的发育至成熟及其生殖活动。此外,脑中芳香化酶可能介导文昌鱼性别分化。 相似文献
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厦门文昌鱼人工繁殖和幼虫发育及其变态的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用组织学和胚胎学方法对厦门国家级自然保护区文昌鱼的生殖季节、胚胎发育和幼虫培育进行详细研究,结果表明,自然保护区文昌鱼生殖季节可分为两个繁殖时期,从6月初开始至7月初为繁殖高峰期,8和9月为繁殖小产期.观察人工繁殖得出,文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)产卵时间在傍晚19:00前后,可以观察到雌、雄文昌鱼的产卵和排精行为:雄性文昌鱼先离开沙,并跃出水面快速游动和排精,接着雌鱼也跃出水面,所有的卵通过破裂的性腺壁进入到围鳃腔并通过围鳃孔到水中受精,受精率在98.5%以上,还观察了文昌鱼幼虫发育并变态为幼鱼(长度为1.05～13.5mm)的全过程. 相似文献
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The comparison of altimeter retrieval algorithms of the wind speed and the wave period 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
With the launch of altimeter,much effort has been made to develop algorithms on the wind speed and the wave period.By using a large data set of collocated altimeter and buoy measurements,the typical wind speed and wave period algorithms are validated.Based on theoretical argument and the concept of wave age,a semi-empirical algorithm for the wave period is also proposed,which has the wave-period dimension,and explicitly demonstrates the relationships between the wave period and the other variables.It is found that Ku and C band data should be applied simultaneously in order to improve either wind speed or wave period algorithms.The dual-band algorithms proposed by Chen et al.(2002) for the wind speed and Quilfen et al.(2004) for the wave period perform best in terms of a root mean square error in the practical applications. 相似文献
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文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense)是进化发育生物学研究的重要模式生物,文昌鱼胚胎整装荧光原位杂交(WFISH,whole-mounted fluorescent in situ hybridization)技术将有助于鉴定文昌鱼胚胎发育过程中具有重要调控作用的功能基因。报告了文昌鱼胚胎整装荧光原位杂交技术,用以快速灵敏分析特定基因在文昌鱼胚胎发育过程中的时空表达图式。用体外转录合成的地高辛标记文昌鱼FGFR基因的反义RNA探针,检测到FGFR在文昌鱼原肠胚中表达于发生内陷的中内胚层细胞中,而预定发育为外胚层的细胞不表达FGFR。 相似文献
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人工越冬对虾体内寄生纤毛虫——旋毛蟹栖拟阿脑虫,新亚种的记述 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
报导了从中国对虾(Penaeus orientalis Kishnouye)越冬亲虾血淋巴内分离的盾纤毛目纤毛虫一新亚种,隶属于嗜污科(Philasteridae)拟阿脑虫属(Paranophrys),系蟹栖拟阿脑虫(Paranophrys carcini)一新地理亚种,定名为旋毛蟹栖拟阿脑虫,新亚种(Paranophrys carcini spiralis subsp.nov.)。本工作对该亚种做了蛋白银染色、银浸法、孚尔根染色,以显示其银线系、纤毛下器及细胞核器,并结合扫描电镜对虫体形态作了观察与鉴定。文内对该亚种的形态学作了描述并列表比较了所在属诸种主要性状特征以及本新亚种与相似种在形态特征上的主要差别,以确定新亚种的成立。 相似文献