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1.
利用美国国家海洋大气管理局2007年发布的全球海域温、盐数据库资料,美国地球物理数据中心2006年发布的海底地形数据库资料以及日本海洋科学与技术机构2003年发布的1997—2002年东海地区月平均降水量资料,研究东海黑潮表层盐度的月季分布特征,并分析其影响因素。结果表明,东海黑潮表层盐度存在明显的月季变化特征。总体而言,12月至次年3月表层盐度高,6—9月表层盐度低,4、5月和10、11月为过渡阶段;表层盐度高值分布在东海黑潮主段靠近东边界一侧;6—9月入口段的表层盐度高于出口段的表层盐度,其他月份入口段的表层盐度低于出口段的表层盐度。东海黑潮表层盐度主要受表层温度、降水、径流的影响。冬、春、秋季的表层盐度分布在黑潮主段靠近陆架一侧区域受表层温度影响大;降水对东海黑潮表层盐度产生局部小范围的影响,时间主要集中在1月和6—8月份,区域分布在低纬25°N以南和30°N附近。长江冲淡水夏季对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响大于其他季节对东海黑潮表层盐度的影响,7月长江径流量达到最大值时,对应的黑潮扇形区的盐度最低。 相似文献
2.
东海黑潮热核的时空变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用美国国家海洋大气管理局2007年发布的全球海域温度数据库资料和美国国家地球物理数据中心2006年发布的海底地形数据库资料,对东海黑潮热核(即高温区)的时空分布进行了分析。结果显示:从表层到250m深,东海黑潮热核的分布区域由表层的靠近中轴线附近逐渐偏向黑潮的东部边缘,分布范围由表层占黑潮流幅的30%以上缩减到250m深度的10%左右,250m以下热核的分布范围和区域再没有明显的变化;从表层到水深200m,从东海黑潮的入口到出口,热核的温度与深度呈下降的趋势,在200m以下呈上升的趋势,2月份上层下降的趋势最明显;热核在台湾东北部和30°N附近进入吐噶喇海峡处均出现明显的转弯点,随着深度的增加热核的转弯点逐渐偏向东南,在台湾东北部200m水深以上热核转弯点分布还存在明显的季节变化。 相似文献
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冬季东海黑潮上层水变化特征的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
东海黑潮水团是东海海域的主要水团。夏季,东海黑潮水团一般划分为四层结构:黑潮表层水、黑潮次表层水、黑潮中层水和黑潮深层水。在冬季,由于大陆沿岸水系势力减弱,以及强烈的表层冷却产生的垂直对流作用,使黑潮表层水变性而和次表层水融为一体,从而使海面至400米层左右的黑潮水体呈现高盐特征。因此,冬季的东海黑潮水团变为三层结构,即黑潮上层水、黑潮中层水和黑潮 相似文献
5.
黑潮与邻近东海生源要素的交换及其生态环境效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑潮与东海生源要素的交换对东海的生态环境有重大影响,交换主要是经台湾东北部海域输送至东海陆架和通过日本九州西南海域由东海陆架向外海的黑潮输出两个通道。中国科学院海洋先导专项对黑潮与邻近东海生源要素的交换特征进行了系统的调查和研究,获得了一些新的认识:(1)在台湾东北部区域,碳主要以表层水-次表层水为载体输入,秋季的输入量高于夏季;黑潮溶解态营养盐的输入占据绝对主导地位,且以黑潮次表层热带水-中层水的输入为主,输入通量春季高于夏、秋季,可为东海春季水华提供一定的物质基础,但输入到东海的黑潮水其氮磷比与Redfield比值(16:1)接近,这些"正常水"——黑潮的输入显然对调和东海异常高的氮磷比有重要的作用,从而对东海的生态环境起到"稳定和缓冲"作用。所以,黑潮水对东海的输入不仅维持补充了东海生态系统运转所需的生源要素,更为重要的是缓冲了受人为影响强烈的东海海水的高氮磷比,使东海本已失常的营养盐结构向合适的氮磷比方向转变。因此,黑潮与东海生源要素的输入在一定程度上起着稳定和缓和东海生态环境的作用。(2)通过构建的海水Ba-盐度新指标体系,定量细致刻画了黑潮对东海生源物质在台湾东北部区域的输入范围和程度,黑潮次表层水从台湾东北陆架坡折处沿底部向北偏西方向入侵东海,其近岸分支可以入侵到浙江近岸,其黑潮次表层水占比仍可达到65%左右。垂直方向上,陆架外侧站位受黑潮次表层水的影响范围更大,黑潮水占50%比例位置可延伸至外侧TW0-1站位(122.59°E,25.49°N)表层,而内侧靠近大陆的站位则只限于陆架中部位置底层。 相似文献
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Argos表面漂流浮标在黑潮区的若干观测结果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用近几年国家海洋局第二海洋研究所及国家海洋技术中心在南海和西北太平洋海域布放的部分卫星跟踪表面漂流浮标所取得的观测资料,分析了浮标流经海域的表层海流特征及浮标漂移路径上水温的变化。结果表明:2003年1月,黑潮表层水有入侵南海的趋势,夏季南海表层水经吕宋海峡流出,汇入黑潮主干;夏末冬初,黑潮主干经过东海时明显呈弯曲流动;2003年春季,日本以南海域黑潮弯曲不明显;台湾东北部海域存在一个强反气旋涡;表层海水的温度日变化和季节变化明显,在浮标漂移路径呈反气旋或气旋式转动的区域,对应出现了表层水温的高、低温区。 相似文献
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海洋锋是典型的海洋中尺度现象之一。目前卫星遥感主要利用海表温度数据分析海洋锋,但由于西北太平洋海域夏季海表温度的趋同特性,不能进行有效的锋面监测;而不同水团所具有的生物光学特性往往是不同的,且不具有太阳辐射引起的显著性季节变化,因此海色资料也成为检测海洋锋的有效数据源。文中以东海黑潮为例,详细说明了基于叶绿素a浓度融合数据,采用梯度法进行海洋锋面检测的过程,通过比较不同季节不同梯度阈值得到的东海黑潮锋结果,从保持锋面的完整性及对零碎锋区的剔除效应方面,选取了不同季节较优的梯度阈值。总体来说,文中检测出的东海黑潮区域海色锋与海流黑潮强流区较吻合,12月至4月东海黑潮海色锋检测结果不如海温锋,而5-11月东海黑潮海色锋检测结果优于海温锋,特别是台湾以东黑潮区域,不论什么季节海温锋都没有体现,而海色锋始终很明显。利用文中提出的海洋锋检测算法、分析方法及选择的梯度阈值可以有效地检测东海黑潮区域的海洋锋面,结合海色锋和海温锋,可以监测分析东海黑潮强流区的时空变化。 相似文献
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庆良间水道水交换对其上下游东海黑潮的流量和水团特性的变异都起到了非常重要的作用,本文通过将历史观测的WOD资料插值为1/8°×1/8°的网格化数据,估算了庆良间水道的地转流通量特征,然后结合Argo浮标数据讨论了庆良间水道的水交换对东海黑潮水团特性的影响,研究结果表明:(1)西太平洋通过庆良间水道流入东海冲绳海槽主要发生在水道的次表层,并且次表层的入侵可能跟庆良间水道东部的琉球流有关;(2)庆良间水道上下游黑潮的水团特性由于受到来自庆良间水道的动力混合作用导致其存在差异。黑潮次表层高盐水到达冲绳附近之后盐度略微增加,深度略微变浅,然而黑潮中层低盐水的盐度显著减小,深度明显加深;(3)庆良间水道上下游东海黑潮的次表层高盐水和中层低盐水其盐度的季节变化规律不一致。次表层高盐水盐度的季节变化可能同时受到庆良间水道的流量和表层淡水通量的影响,在冬季最强,夏季最弱,然而中层低盐水盐度的季节变化主要受庆良间水道流量的影响,在秋季最强,夏季最弱。 相似文献
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利用一个太平洋区域分辨率为12.5 km的ROMS-CoSiNE海洋物理-生态耦合模式1997-2016年的积分结果,对东海黑潮硝酸盐输送的年际变化进行分析。结果显示:东海黑潮的硝酸盐输送存在约3 a与7 a的年际变化周期,且在100~400 m深的次表层与400~800 m深的中层水中变化较为显著。东海黑潮上游海水中,南海水及直接汇入东海黑潮的西太平洋海水对黑潮硝酸盐的年际输送变化具有重要影响。其中,南海水主要影响东海黑潮中层水的硝酸盐输送,而西太平洋海水对东海黑潮次表层水硝酸盐的输送影响较为显著。 相似文献
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在北太平洋西部海域,有一股强劲的海流犹如一条巨大的江河,从南向北,滚滚向前,昼夜不息地流淌着。它就是黑潮。黑潮从我国台湾东侧流入东海,继续北上,过吐噶喇海峡,沿日本列岛南面海区流向东北;大约在北纬35°、东经141°附近海域,离开日本海岸蜿蜒东去;最后在东经165°左右的海域里向东逐渐散开。黑潮流到了这里,人们就叫它北太平洋流了。黑潮从它的 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献