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1.
为寻找天然抗污损活性化合物,以抗硅藻附着活性为导向,采用有机溶剂萃取、半制备高压液相色谱对分离自海绵的芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物进行分离,纯化抗硅藻附着活性物质,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪、核磁共振波谱分析活性物质结构。从菌株UST050418-715代谢产物中分离得到7种具有抗硅藻附着活性的环二肽类化合物,分别鉴定为:(1)环(L-亮氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)、(2)环(L-缬氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(3)环(D-脯氨酸-L-亮氨酸)、(4)环(L-脯氨酸-D-亮氨酸)、(5)环(甘氨酸-L-脯氨酸)、(6)环(L-苯丙氨酸-顺式-8-羟基-D-脯氨酸-)、(7)环(L-苯丙氨酸-反式-8-羟基-L-脯氨酸-)。说明海绵附生芽孢杆菌UST050418-715代谢产物中存在大量环二肽类化合物,可以帮助宿主海绵实现对硅藻附着的化学防御。 相似文献
2.
采集虾蟹混养池塘沉积物,利用特定饵料培养基,并通过定期增加培养基中饵料添加量的方式,对沉积物中的复合菌进行了6个周期(7d/周期)的富集驯化培养。在COD含量约为1 000mg/L、菌接种量为10%的饵料降解溶液中,后期复合菌在5d内对COD的最大去除率分别达到了64%、70%和88%。在6个周期富集驯化结束后,从复合菌中分离出16株菌,经16S rRNA分析,其中8株属于弧菌属(vibrio sp.),1株属于芽孢杆菌目(Bacillales sp.),2株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),2株属于交替假单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas sp.),1株属于气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.),1株属于希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.)。经血平板初步筛选出4株不具潜在致病性的菌,1株属于芽孢杆菌目,1株为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),2株为交替假单胞菌,在菌接种量为1.0×10~7cfu/mL的降解溶液中,各株菌在5d内对COD的最大去除率分别达到了40%、40%、56%和46%。将这4株菌按一定比例组合后,在5d内对COD的最大去除率可达到72%。研究表明,经富集驯化后的复合菌及从中分离筛选出的4株不具潜在致病性的细菌及按一定比例重组后的菌在调控养殖环境有机物污染方面都具有潜在应用价值。 相似文献
3.
为研究与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性,在青岛近海海域,选取黏管藻、裙带菜、囊藻和浒苔4种大型海藻,分离其附生海洋细菌。使用2216E、海水R2A、TCBS和海水琼脂4种培养基平板,分离纯化得到99株海洋细菌。16SrD-NA序列分析表明,变形菌门细菌在数量、种类等方面,均占主导地位。这些菌株绝大多数为变形菌门的γ-变形菌纲(94株)和α-变形菌纲(3株),仅有1株为放线菌门,1株为厚壁菌门。其中丰度最高的3个属分别为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas,22株)、弧菌属(Vibrio,20株)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas,15株),其次为食烷菌属(Alcanivorax,9株)、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter,8株)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,7株)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas,5株)、交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas,4株),其它9个属丰度较低。本研究为进一步探讨与生物膜相关的海洋细菌的多样性及其应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
4.
烟台海域中度嗜盐菌分离、鉴定和系统进化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究山东烟台海域中度嗜盐菌的分布情况及种群特征,从烟台近海盐场采集的土样和水样中利用高氏一号培养基分离得到22株中度嗜盐菌。通过菌落形态观察、生理生化特征分析比较,选取其中的9株进行16SrDNA序列分析和系统进化分析,结果表明这些中度嗜盐菌分别属于7个属:芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、枝芽孢杆菌属(Virgibacillus)、薄壁芽孢杆菌属(Gracilibacillus)、刘氏菌属(Liuella)、产微球茎菌属(Microbulbifer)、拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)和交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas),其中菌株YTM-8、YTM-12和YTM-13可能是潜在的新种。以上研究结果表明烟台海域中存在有较为丰富的嗜盐微生物多样性,并且潜藏着新类型的嗜盐菌资源。 相似文献
5.
海洋假交替单胞菌广泛分布于各种海洋环境中,能分泌多种生物活性物质和胞外酶类,多具有较强的生物膜形成能力。这些生物膜具有诱导矿化和吸引腐蚀生物幼体附着的功能,在海洋生态系统的能量和元素循环中扮演特殊角色。细菌的鞭毛系统介导细菌的运动行为,在营养的获取以及生物膜和浮游状态转化过程中发挥作用。有研究表明,鞭毛也是生物膜基质的有机组分,但目前海洋假交替单胞菌鞭毛系统在生物膜形成中的作用尚不清楚。本文以南海表层来源的假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.SCSIO 11900)和深海沉积物来源的近源假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas.sp.SM9913)为研究对象,分别选取了编码鞭毛不同组分的基因进行敲除,研究鞭毛缺失对细胞游动性和生物膜形成能力的影响。结果表明,无论来自表层还是深海的假交替单胞菌都使用端生鞭毛维持细胞游动性,而且其缺失促进生物膜的形成。此外,深海来源的SM9913还具有侧生鞭毛。尽管这种鞭毛有助于提高细胞游动性,却不影响细菌的生物膜形成能力。这些端生鞭毛系统在近缘海洋假交替单胞菌中广泛分布,可能为该属菌株在不同海洋环境中获取营养、定殖及适应环境的... 相似文献
6.
为了解仿刺参采苗板时期细菌的多样性,对分离自仿刺参采苗板上的细菌进行了分离和鉴定。应用常规生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列分析和构建系统发生树对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明:共分离得到19株海洋细菌,鉴定为7个属,包括短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus sp.)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)、Cobetia属、肠杆菌属(Enterobacter sp.)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)、普罗威登斯菌属(Providencia sp.)和海洋螺菌属(Oceanospirillaceae sp.)。从海洋环境中分离筛选细菌对海洋资源的开发与利用具有重要意义,此外对仿刺参育苗时期进行细菌种类的鉴定有助于疾病的预防和治疗,对仿刺参的水产养殖具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
印度洋深海热液区可培养细菌的分子鉴定与系统发育分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用MMJHS寡营养培养基从印度洋深海热液区沉积物和热液硫化物中分离获得16株细菌,通过16S rDNA序列比对和生理生化分析,对它们进行了鉴定并构建了系统发育树.结果表明,12株细菌属于γ-变型菌(γ-Gammaproteobacteria),其中6株属于盐单胞菌属(Halomonas),4株属于嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter),2株属于食碱菌属(Alcanivorax);其余4株属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus),其中1株为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis).分离获得的16株细菌中,4株为革兰氏阳性细菌,12株为革兰氏阴性细菌;H2S反应、吲哚测定反应、M.R和V-P均呈阴性.本研究为深入认识和开发利用深海热液区微生物资源奠定了基础. 相似文献
8.
对采自海南东寨港的海洋红树林植物黄瑾(Hibiscus tiliaceus)叶中分离到的一株内生真菌Aspergillus sydowii EN-198的次生代谢产物进行了研究.利用正相与反相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析以及制备薄层层析(PTLC)等分离手段从其发酵液中分离得到14个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振技术、质谱技术等鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为:环-(S-脯氨酸-S-苯丙氨酸)(1),环-(S-脯氨酸-S-亮氨酸)(2),环-(S-苯丙氨酸-S-色氨酸)(3),(1S)-1-(4 '-间羟基苯甲酸)-1,1,5,5-二甲基己二醇(4),曲酸(5),N-[2-(4-吲哚)乙基]乙酰胺(6),N-[2-(4-对羟基苯酚)乙基]乙酰胺(7),胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(8),尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(9),尿嘧啶核苷(10),过氧化麦角甾醇(11),麦角甾醇(12),(2S,2'R,3R,3 'E,4E,8E)-N-(2’-羟基-3’-十六烯酰基)-9-甲基-4,8-二十碳二烯-1,3-二醇(13)以及1-O-β-D-葡萄糖基-(2S,2'R,3R,3'E,4E,8E)-N-(2’-羟基-3’-十六烯酰基)-9-甲基-4,8-二十碳二烯-1,3-二醇(14);其中化合物1和2为首次从Aspergillus sydowii中分离得到.对所有化合物测试其抑菌活性,发现化合物5与7对金黄色葡萄球菌有较好抑制活性. 相似文献
9.
海草植株共附生大量具有合成植物激素、促进植物营养物质吸收和拮抗病原菌作用的促生菌,对海草的健康生长具有重要作用。本研究利用固氮、溶磷培养基从海南省新村湾泰来草(Thalassia hemperichii)和海菖蒲(Enhalus acoroides)植株中获得细菌131株,分布于36属61种,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势属。通过可培养细菌的多样性分析发现,从泰来草分离获得细菌的OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit)数目、Chao和Shannon指数均高于海菖蒲,其具有更高的细菌多样性;而三种培养基中,应用PSM培养基获得的细菌的多样性最低。另外,对包括17株溶磷菌和12株固氮菌在内的61株菌进行促生特性分析,结果显示菌株L-2以C_2H_4计的固氮酶活性达14.27nmol/(h·m L),有3株菌溶磷活性在29.91～44.86 mg/L之间,6株菌产铁载体能力很强,8株菌氨化能力很强,10株菌吲哚乙酸(IAA)产量在50μg/m L以上。基于促生能力的综合分析,我们筛选出5株具有较强促生潜能的菌株,16S rRNA鉴定结果显示其中2株为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),1株克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.),1株拉乌尔菌(Raoultella sp.)和1株Breoghania sp.。它们适合进一步开发研制为微生物菌剂,可应用于促进移植海草生长发育和退化海草床生态保护修复中。 相似文献
10.
为了研究海洋生物污损对船体和海洋工程的影响,作者将热喷涂镀钴基、镍基及含铜氧化钛基膜的船用厚钢板试样片放置在海水中,利用振荡培养箱模拟海洋环境,进行晃片培养。分离纯化镀膜钢片表面上的细菌,研究早期污损细菌的生长规律,通过革兰氏染色、生理生化实验对细菌进行鉴定,伯杰氏系统细菌学手册查证。采用纸片法测定抑菌圈,研究铜、钴、镍3种金属离子对污损细菌的影响,观察不同离子浓度的抑菌圈。研究结果表明:早期海洋污损细菌有G~+芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、G~+芽孢乳杆菌属(Sporolactobacillus)、G~+无芽孢杆菌(Bacilli)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、G~+无芽孢丝状菌、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)6类;其中G~+细菌首先吸附; Cu~(2+)的最佳抑制质量浓度为30 g/L, Co~(2+)的最佳抑制质量浓度为80 g/L, Ni~(2+)的最佳抑制质量浓度为110 g/L。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
13.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
15.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
16.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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