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数字地质填图研究现状与发展趋势 总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31
数字地质填图是指区域地质调查数据的野外获取及其成果的数字化统一性再现.当前数字地质填图现状和发展趋势已基本上实现了数字填图系统的采集、存储、管理、描述、分析和再现地质实体在地球表面空间分布有关的数据信息.在计算机辅助下, 通过野外观测路线的调查, 对地质、地理、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等多源地学数据进行综合分析和地质制图.在掌上机WindowsCE平台上, 实现了数字填图所需的基本GIS基本功能(GPS定位路线采集、素描), 实现了遥感系统与数字填图系统的一体化整合. 相似文献
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专题地质填图及有关问题讨论 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
面积性地质调查及填图是今后地质调查的主要工作,如何做好这个工作,并实现地质调查和科研一体化,特别是在已有填图基础上,如何部署和开展新的填图工作,是一个亟待回答的新问题。专题地质填图是针对存在的重要地质或资源、环境问题,或是针对特定目标地质体等,以解决特定问题或满足社会特定需求为主要目的、填图与研究融为一体的地质填图,填图的范围和比例尺依据解决问题和目标地质体而定。专题地质填图是以问题和需求为驱动,是对已有的综合地质填图的补充和提高,是高效实现地调科研一体化的一种方式。论述了专题填图的内涵、必要性,以及开展专题填图的方式和方法。 相似文献
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PRB数字地质填图技术研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
从近2 0年地质填图中计算机野外数据采集技术研究的现状和存在的问题入手, 在确定地质填图空间数据表达的基础上, 遵循传统地质填图的规律, 在不约束地质学家地质思维的前提下, 既能满足计算机处理的需要, 又能保证地质工作者取全、取准各项地质观测数据, 在描述各类地质信息空间关系的基础上, 创建了数字地质填图过程标准化和规范化的PRB数字填图技术, 并对构成PRB数字填图技术、PRB数据模型、PRB基本过程、PRB基本过程组合的规则、PRB过程的公共机制、PRB过程基本程式、PRB数据操作、PRB字典、三级PRB体系、PRB数据流“栈”、PRB数据质量定量评价体系的PRB数字填图技术与方法体系进行了讨论.基于该项技术开发的数字填图系统和集GPS一体化的野外数据采集设备已在野外填图中推广应用, 实践效果很好.本文是在实践的基础上, 通过对已有研究资料的进一步分析、总结而完成的. 相似文献
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Н.А.别里亚耶夫斯基 《地质论评》1960,20(4):160-163
在苏共第廿一次代表大会所批准的从1959—1965年进一步发展国民经济的七年计划中,作出了进一步开展普查勘探工作的决定。为此就须要提高全国的地质研究程度,从而也就必须加强地质填图工作,特别是大比例尺的地质填图工作。到1959年为止,苏联领土内的地质研究程度是: 相似文献
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晚新生代地质填图理论与方法的新探索 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在评述中国现有地质填图（主要是中比例尺地质图）的历史、现状和问题的基础上,根据晚新生代地层的特点,以及笔者长期从事地貌、第四纪地质研究工作与填图实践积累的经验,以青藏高原及其邻区为例,提出了提高中国大比例尺地质图填图水平和加快填图工作进度的几点建议。认为认识晚新生代地层的基本特征是提高地质填图水平的基础;解译地形图和遥感图是确定晚新生代地层成因类型与分布范围的重要手段;要重视相对高度在划分晚新生代地层中的重要作用,建立填图单位的地层层序系统;强调同位素年龄测定与地层顺序判定之间的辩证关系：皇冠与皇冠上的宝石;加强青藏高原隆升、环境变迁研究与晚新生代地质填图的联系方能使二者相辅相成、相得益彰。 相似文献
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大多数20世纪下半叶建立的矿山,资源已近枯竭或出现了资源危机,都需要寻找接续资源.为此提出在成矿远景好的地区有计划地开展“深部地质填图“和“立体地质填图“的设想.“深部地质填图“是找寻隐伏矿和半隐伏矿的深部地质研究的战略性工作,“立体地质填图“则是其战术性工作.两者既有联系又有区别.前者是为了寻找隐伏矿、半隐伏矿的“靶区“,或为“靶区“提供背景地质资料;后者是为了找到“新矿体“、“新矿层“,扩大矿床规模和矿山远景.“深部地质填图“要采用地质、物探、化探及少量钻探等综合手段,提交比例尺不小于1:5万的地表地质图和深部地质图;“立体地质填图“主要是按一定间距(100～200m)进行钻探,结合物探剖面,发现新矿体,提交立体地质图.当前应全面开展资源危机矿山外围的“深部地质填图“,积极慎重地进行“立体地质填图“试点,并将此项工作作为一项独立的地质工作纳入地质调查之中. 相似文献
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变质岩区往往经历了多幕变形和多期变质作用,地质情况及其发展历史非常复杂.目前,在变质岩区开展大、中比例尺地质填图时,各国做法不一.概括起来,采用的方 相似文献
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随着国家大比例尺地质调查（1:50000）向特殊地质地貌区的开展,已有第四纪填图方法已不能满足覆盖区填图的实际需求,地质工作者面临着第四纪大比例尺填图“填什么、如何填”的问题。选取典型覆盖区——河套平原为研究区,以河流沉积理论为指导,通过钻孔揭露方法,建立了全新世以来的河流沉积体系,并以此作为区域地质图骨架,提出了河道亚相、堤坝亚相、泛滥平原亚相的填图单元,应用“逐步逼近原则”确定地质界线,划分出区内三期河道及其相应的沉积体系,解决了覆盖区第四纪地质调查中填图单元稀少,地质图表达单调的问题,为覆盖区第四纪地质调查提供了一套可行方案。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献