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1.
西藏达孜县附近的叶巴组主要为一套浅变质玄武岩、英安岩、酸性凝灰岩夹少量紫红色砂岩。对叶巴组英安岩的锆石SHRIMP的U-Pb测年,获得181.7±5.2Ma的年龄值,可代表达孜地区叶巴组的年龄。地质年代学研究和岩石组合特征显示,叶巴组应该分为上、下两部分。达孜县附近的一套火山岩时代为早侏罗世;工布江达县、桑日县和墨竹工卡县之间的叶巴组为一套酸性火山岩夹碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩,形成时代为中、晚侏罗世。叶巴组火山岩可能是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向南的俯冲、消减的产物。本次SHRIMP测试获得变质年龄值131.9±5.5Ma,代表早白垩世的变质事件,反映燕山期冈底斯带强烈的岩浆活动对早期地质记录的叠加和改造。 相似文献
2.
拉萨地块南部得明顶地区叶巴组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其成因 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
作为拉萨地块南部形成时代最早的火山岩,叶巴组火山岩对于确定新特提斯洋的俯冲过程及印度欧亚大陆碰撞前的演化等具有重要意义。前人的研究结果显示,叶巴组火山岩是一套岩性由基性到酸性连续的、具有岛弧地球化学特征的火山岩。目前在叶巴组火山岩中只有酸性岩获得了精确的锆石U-Pb年龄,显示其形成时代为早侏罗世。然而对叶巴组中基性火山岩目前尚无精确的年代学报道。另外,有关叶巴组火山岩形成的动力学背景,目前还存在争议。对拉萨地块南部得明顶地区的叶巴组火山岩进行了锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学研究,获得其锆石U-Pb年龄为188.8±1.8Ma,表明与酸性火山岩形成时代一致。得明顶地区叶巴组火山岩地球化学数据显示其具有类似于岛弧火山岩的特征,富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素、轻重稀土元素分异明显,部分样品具有Sr及Eu(δEu=0.75~0.83)的略微异常。结合前人的研究成果认为,叶巴组火山岩很可能形成于大陆边缘弧,其形成与新特提斯洋的北向俯冲有紧密的联系。 相似文献
3.
拉萨地块南缘日多地区叶巴组火山岩地球化学、年代学、锆石Lu-Hf同位素特征及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
拉萨地块南缘日多地区叶巴组火山岩以中酸性熔岩及火山碎屑岩占绝对优势为特征。以墨竹工卡县以东日多地区叶巴组火山岩代表性岩石组合为对象进行了地球化学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明,叶巴组火山岩具有轻稀土元素富集,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti(P、Hf)的地球化学特征。其中,基性火山岩具低钾、低钛和富钠、富铝的特征,Nb、Zr含量和Th/Y、Th/Yb、Ta/Yb值较高,而La/Nb值较低,呈现出大陆地壳组分增加的趋势。中酸性火山岩属中钾-高钾钙碱性系列,具有低钛、低镁和高铝的特征,微量元素含量及比值与大陆岛弧安山岩接近。叶巴组火山岩总体地球化学特征与陆缘弧火山岩相似。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得英安岩和流纹质晶屑凝灰岩~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为176.9±2.3Ma和162.2±3.3Ma,表明研究区叶巴组酸性火山岩形成于中侏罗世。锆石Hf同位素测试结果显示,εHf(t)值为2.43~11.42,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM)~C)为482~1065Ma,暗示叶巴组酸性火山岩源区除新生地壳物质的部分熔融外,还明显受到古老结晶基底的影响。结合前人研究成果,认为叶巴组形成于早中侏罗世雅鲁藏布江洋北向俯冲于拉萨地块南缘之下的陆缘弧环境。 相似文献
4.
西藏冈底斯东段叶巴组火山岩地球化学特征及其地质构造意义 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西藏冈底斯东段叶巴组火山岩的岩石地球化学特征研究表明:该火山岩为一套岩性连续分布的钙碱性火山岩,其中基性火山岩主要来源于岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并受到流体的交代作用,中酸性火山岩则主要来源于地壳的部分熔融.叶巴组火山岩形成于岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造环境,其动力来源应为新特提斯洋向北的俯冲消减.叶巴组发育的岛弧地区是形成具重要经济价值的VMS矿床的最佳地域.叶巴组火山岩的研究对早、中侏罗世的生物事件、气候变化以及海退或海侵事件也有重要的意义. 相似文献
5.
早侏罗世叶巴组与桑日群火山岩:特提斯洋俯冲过程中的陆缘弧与洋内弧? 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：13
雅鲁藏布特提斯洋的演化对研究青藏高原的形成具有重要的意义,一般认为广泛分布于拉萨地块南部叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩系是该特提斯洋早期的俯冲岩浆产物。本研究选取了拉萨附近达孜地区叶巴组中的2个中基性火成岩样品进行了锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb分析,结果显示其年龄分别为188±2Ma和175±2Ma,与已发表的叶巴组中酸性火成岩的形成时代(174~193Ma)一致,已发表的桑日群火山岩的年龄也在相同范围内,因此叶巴组和桑日群火山岩喷发时间主要为早侏罗世。叶巴组和桑日群基性及中酸性岩浆均类似岛弧型火山岩,但前者具有相对高的Nb、Zr含量,Th/Y比值及相对较低的La/Nb比值,呈现出大陆地壳组分增加的趋势,叶巴组火山岩表现为典型的大陆边缘弧特征而桑日群类似于洋内弧火山岩,桑日群火山岩分布于叶巴组南侧,并呈碎片似展布于拉萨地块南部,同时显示了与叶巴组不同的岩性组合,暗示同时代的叶巴组和桑日群火山-沉积岩可能分别代表特提斯洋俯冲过程中的形成的陆缘弧和洋内弧。 相似文献
6.
藏北羌塘冈玛错地区望果山组火山岩地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
羌塘中部冈玛错地区厘定出一套早石炭世火山岩,该火山岩为一套酸性—基性岩(流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩、玄武安山岩、玄武岩等)夹火山碎屑岩的岩石组合。2件定年样品(英安岩和安山岩)的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为358.2Ma±1.2Ma和350.5Ma±1.4Ma,时代为早石炭世,代表了该火山岩的形成年龄。岩石地球化学特征显示,该火山岩的铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.62~1.08,平均值为0.81;里特曼指数δ为1.04~2.67,平均值为1.84;大离子亲石元素(LILE)Th、U、Pb明显富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,反应了偏铝质钙碱性岛弧火山岩的特征。由此说明,在早石炭世龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋已经进入俯冲消减阶段。 相似文献
7.
老爷庙-额仁山一带发育3套性质不同的火山岩，通过对其岩石组合、岩相、古火山机构特征的详细观察及岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学的研究，晚泥盆世老爷庙组火山岩为玄武岩-安山岩组合，发育盾状和层状火山，属海相环境，为板块消减带岛弧型高铝玄武岩；晚石炭世-早二叠世哈尔加乌组火山岩为陆相火山岩，岩石组合为安山岩．英安岩-流纹岩，以爆发相为主，常形成破火山及锥状火山机构，为陆-陆碰撞造山期火山岩；早二叠世中晚期卡拉岗组火山岩为一套以酸性为主的陆相火山岩，喷溢相发育，常形成穹状古火山机构，岩石组合为英安岩-流纹岩，为造山期弛张期火山岩，3套火山岩为板块不同阶段的火山岩，从老爷庙组火山岩→哈尔加乌组火山岩→拉岗组火山岩，岩石向酸性演化，地壳成熟度愈来愈高，南混合壳转化为陆壳． 相似文献
8.
在南蒙古巴音苏赫图矿区古生代地层中新发现一套火山岩,其Rb-Sr同位素年龄为409±19Ma,与前人划分的地层年代(志留纪-泥盆纪)较吻合。英安岩的SiO_2含量为63.23%~73.36%,Al_2O_3含量为10.25%~15.56%。英安岩轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,具有较强的负Eu异常。岩石学和地球化学综合研究表明,该套火山岩基本同期同源演化,且岩性变化较小,以流纹岩-英安岩类为主。根据钾含量,该套火山岩为中钾钙碱性系列。英安岩落在靠近盆岭构造域的位置,显示出略亏损的特征,与原始地幔PM端元接近。推测该套火山岩形成于古亚洲洋闭合过程中的岛弧环境,表明火山岩形成时古亚洲洋可能还没有闭合。 相似文献
9.
西藏桑日县地区中生代火山岩地层层序——基于锆石U-Pb 年龄及地球化学数据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
青藏高原中生代时期新特提斯洋演化及其相应的岩浆作用一直是高原基础研究的热点之一,其系统研究对新特提斯洋及拉萨地块的地质演化具有重要的意义。以桑日县地区出露的叶巴组、桑日群比马组、桑日群麻木下组、旦师庭组火山-沉积岩系为研究对象,在详细的野外调查及前人研究基础上,选择麻木下组安山岩和旦师庭组火山凝灰岩样品进行锆石U-Pb测年,对叶巴组和桑日群比马组火山岩进行地球化学对比研究。结果表明,桑日群上部比马组火山岩（189.0±3.0~195.0±3.0Ma）与叶巴组火山岩（174.2±3.6~192.7±1.3Ma）均形成于早侏罗世,且两者具有相似的地球化学特征,均为钙碱性岛弧火山岩,表明二者可能形成于相同的构造背景。因此,将比马组从原桑日群中解体出来与叶巴组合并为同一套火山岩地层,而桑日群下部麻木下组（99.9±0.7~136.5±1.7Ma）的形成时间明显晚于比马组,属早白垩世火山岩地层,且具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,应单独建组;旦师庭组形成于93.7±1.2Ma,属晚白垩世地层,也单独成为一组。 相似文献
10.
本文对东准噶尔造山带三塘湖盆地西北缘奥依托浪格地区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组进行了火山岩地质、岩相学、地球化学特征研究,并结合相关年代学成果,探讨了火山岩成因、形成环境与东准噶尔造山带构造演化。研究认为：该区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组火山岩具明显的陆相火山岩、双峰式火山岩特征,岩石组合基性端元以玄武岩为主,酸性端元为珍珠岩、英安岩;主量元素特征显示基性端元为钙碱—碱性性质,酸性端元珍珠岩、英安岩分别属于碱性、拉斑性质;微量元素特征显示基性端元相对富集Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Th、Nb、Nd等高场强元素（HFSE）,酸性端元强烈亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Sm、Ti等元素,富集K元素;稀土元素显示两端元均为轻稀土元素（LREE）相对富集、重稀土元素（HREE）相对亏损特征;珍珠岩主、微量元素特征与整体具有明显差异。综合研究表明：该双峰式火山岩基性端元来源于地幔岩的部分熔融,酸性端元英安岩来源于基性端元的分离结晶作用,珍珠岩则来源于下地壳的部分熔融;地球动力学背景为俯冲洋壳的拆沉作用,造成软流圈热源上涌,引发地幔岩的部分熔融与岩石圈的伸展减薄,进而诱发下地壳镁铁质岩的减压熔融;构造环境为后碰撞伸展阶段晚期,并指示了板块链式缝合的特点。 相似文献
11.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
14.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
15.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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S. M. Moosavirad J. Rasouli M. R. Janardhana M. R. Moghadam M. Shankara 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3623-3634
This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds. 相似文献
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