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Considered is a case of the cumulonimbus cloud development in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia with a very high precipitation intensity. The height of the cloud top amounted to 14 km and the radar reflectivity, to 60 dBZ. Carried out is the comparison of remote methods of measuring the intensity of precipitation from the cloud under study: the radar (using the relationship between the reflectivity and precipitation intensity) and satellite IR-radiometric (based on the results of sounding with the SEVERI radiometer installed at the Meteosat-8 satellite) methods. A split-window technique was used for detecting the position of the cloud top from the radiometric observations. The analysis enabled to select the best relationships for estimating the precipitation intensity from the data of radar and satellite measurements. The computations based on these relationships correspond most closely to the ground-based measurements with the precipitation gage. 相似文献
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目前, 数值预报中卫星资料的应用主要只是针对晴空条件, 大量受云和降水影响的卫星资料被丢弃不加以使用。但是, 云雨区观测往往包含有大量与天气系统发生发展密切相关的大气信息, 对这部分资料的同化应用由此成为当前研究的一个重要问题。在快速辐射传输模式中云雨粒子辐射效应的考虑还有待于进一步完善情况下, 云雨区卫星资料的应用通常是采用云检测方案对观测受云影响的严重程度进行判识并决定使用的取舍。以0604号热带气旋Bilis作为研究个例, 该文设计了一组受云影响微波卫星资料不同云检测方案和通道选择的应用试验。对AMSU-A资料, 云检测方案包括散射因子、降水概率和小雨检测3种, AMSU-B卫星资料的云检测方法选用了通道2亮温模拟观测误差和Bennartz散射因子。在对进入分析系统卫星资料与天气系统的配置关系、卫星模拟与实际观测偏差特征的统计以及对初始分析影响研究的基础上, 探讨了它们对台风不同阶段数值预报效果的影响。 相似文献
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M. Bolliger P. Binder H. P. Roesli H. Wanner 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2004,87(4):219-234
Summary In autumn 1999 during the field phase of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP), the geostationary satellite Meteosat-6 performed 5-minute rapid scan imagery over central Europe. The rapid scan data of 11 heavy precipitation events are investigated by analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of cloud top structures. The objectives are to separate convective from stratiform cloud regions by satellite data alone and to gain insight into the life cycle of heavy precipitation systems. For verification of the satellite-based results, radar data from the operational Mt. Lema C-band radar is interpolated on the spatial grid of the infrared and visible Meteosat images. The interpolated radar data of each single grid cell is then classified by a convective-stratiform algorithm and compared to the analysed rapid scan imagery.The satellite- and radar-based approaches do only rarely produce matching classifications concerning the identification of convective areas. Since convection during the field phase of MAP occurred mostly embedded within stratiform cloud regions, no temporal and spatial characteristics of convective activity within clouds can be systematically derived from satellite imagery. This lack of characteristic cloud top structures prevented the unambiguous identification of typical cloudiness associated with stratiform precipitation. It is one of the major findings of this study, that in several cases being classified as stratiform by radar, strong cloud development is observed in satellite imagery. The preferred area of strong cloud development is located ahead of the Alpine barrier in a precipitation-free atmosphere. Two contrasting examples of life cycles of heavy precipitation systems are given based on the complementary information extracted from satellite and radar data. 相似文献
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利用葵花8号卫星资料和地面降水观测资料,采用Spark GBT(Gradient Boosted Trees Regression)学习算法对中国西部地区进行定量降水估计(QPE),采用三维Barnes插值方法得到逐时降水格点场。试验结果表明,引入卫星资料估计降水,可以有效地改进站点密度小的区域的降水格点场的客观分析精度。 相似文献
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利用MODIS云光学厚度、云粒子有效半径、云顶高度、云相态等产品,以及表征6种云类的云光学厚度、云粒子有效半径、云顶高度、云相态的特征值,采用最小距离分类法和多阈值判识法相结合,对卫星观测像元的云进行分类,包括层云、层积云、积云、积雨云、雨层云、高积云/高层云、卷云以及卷云伴随高积云或高层云的多层云、卷云伴随层云或层积云的多层云、高积云或高层云伴随层积云或层云的多层云10类。2008年、2013年卫星分类结果与地面站云类观测对比,达到60%的一致性;将相同时间的地面小时降水量与分类结果叠加显示,出现降水处多为雨层云或积雨云。 相似文献
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雷达反射率因子垂直廓线研究和多种遥感资料综合估计降水 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用同一Ｚ－Ｉ关系下地面降水与雷达回波强度的空间最佳匹配思想,提出了一种定量降水的新方法：考察Ｉ－Ｈ曲线,确定与地面的雨量计资料最相近的Ｉ值的所在高度,然后此用此高度上的Ｉ值反演降水。发现降水与很多因子有关,而云顶温度,反照率及云顶温度的时间梯度最为明显。研究表明用多因子方程估计降水效果较好。 相似文献
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基于多普勒天气雷达和天气图资料,并结合卫星反演云参数产品,对2009年4月18日出现在天津地区的一次大面积降水过程进行了分析,探讨了多普勒天气雷达资料在降水过程中的图像特征和卫星反演云参数分布特点,研究表明:①此次降水是层积混合云降水,主要受到500hPa河套低槽的影响,并配合地面江淮气旋的北上影响;②多普勒雷达反射率因子图上呈现出比较明显的初生、发展、维持、削弱四个阶段的特点,风廓线资料比较完整;③MODIS卫星过境时间,天津地区云粒子有效半径均在15μm以上,出现频数最多的云粒子有效半径为25～27μm,大气可降水与自动站雨量站1h降水量的大值区对应较好。 相似文献
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类似于降水量Ｚ指标法对旱情的监测,进行了云参数监测旱情的研究,建立了云量监测的Ｚ指标法。以１９８７～１９９２ 年的总云量和高云量的候平均资料为基础,求出１９９２ 年不同时段的Ｚ值,得到以图形表示的各时段的旱情监测结果,并与同期降水量Ｚ指标法的结果作了比较。分析表明,用云参数的Ｚ指标法监测旱情是可行的。由于云参数既容易获得又不受地区限制,所以云参数监测旱情的Ｚ指标法有实际应用价值 相似文献
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提升灾害性对流天气的监测预警能力是短临天气预报的首要目标,但对流性降水在时间、空间上分布高度不均,观测难度大。卫星遥感监测降水的传统红外、水汽亮温判识方法,报警云团数量多,空报率高,指示意义不稳定,需要结合背景因素寻找方法提炼卫星辐射观测中更多的内在隐含信息,建立云顶亮温与此类灾害天气间的联系。此文尝试使用FY-2气象卫星红外云图数据和逐时加密地面降水观测资料,通过追踪云团移动进而分类、提取参数,然后用模糊支持向量机（FSVM）方法建立地面观测雨强与云团特征动态演变间的机器学习数学关系,标识出有监测预警意义的云团和强降水中心,对检验地域和时间的卫星强降水云团检测识别率达80％左右。 相似文献
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A. A. Sinkevich T. W. Krauss S. D. Pavar N. E. Veremei Yu. A. Dovgalyuk A. B. Kurov V. Gopalakrishnan 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(9):577-589
Considered is a case of the development of the cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia under the conditions of heavy pollution of atmosphere with natural aerosol. Using the ground-based radar and satellite radiometric instruments, the characteristics of the Cb are obtained for the cloud top height of more than 14 km and maximum reflectivity of 58 dBZ. To measure the precipitation rate using the radar data, the Z-I ratio obtained for the area under study was applied. To compute the precipitation rate, the results of the sounding with the SEVERI radiometer installed on the Meteosat-8 satellite were also used. Carried out are numerical experiments on the simulation of aerosol effects on the evolution of the cloud under study. The development of the cloud at the presence of background aerosol was simulated as well as at high aerosol concentration. Three cases are considered: aerosol is a passive admixture; aerosol has hygroscopic properties; aerosol has ice-forming properties. It is demonstrated that the most considerable effects on the cloud evolution are caused by the intensification of ice formation under the influence of aerosol; not only the time distribution of precipitation rate changes but also the amount of precipitation increases. 相似文献
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针对2002年6月23—27日发生于江淮地区的一次中尺度强暴雨过程，利用FY-1D，EOS和NOAA卫星的可见光、红外、微波通道遥感观测、反演资料，从相态、光学厚度、垂直结构等各方面分析云特征，并将分析结果与同时段地面雨量观测进行对比分析，发现云光学厚度大且云顶粒子为大粒子、冰相态是此次降雨过程中云团的主要云特征，地面雨量的大小与云光学厚度密切相关，两者间基本呈正相关关系；稳定少变的大光学厚度云或云光学厚度显著增大均可带来强的地面降水。微波资料可以很好地体现降雨云团的垂直结构。分析结果显示，卫星遥感对揭示中尺度强暴雨云团的云特征，具有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
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围绕GRAPES_Meso的云初始场形成,以ARPS模式云分析方案为基础,优化诊断后应用我国风云二号静止气象卫星云产品、多普勒天气雷达三维组网拼图产品等观测资料结合模式背景信息,根据云热力-动力学原理及观测试验经验关系等,对云初始场的信息进行分析并通过松弛逼近同化方法实现对云内微物理信息同化应用。GRAPES_Meso中采用优化后的云初始场方案,水平分辨率为0.03°×0.03°和0.1°×0.1°的1个月（2014年7月15日-8月14日）连续试验和个例分析结果显示:云初始场形成方案能够分析出飑线等天气系统的云系和云内微物理变量特征。从模拟云图看,包含云初始场信息的GRAPES_Meso的云系的形态特征和分布范围短时临近预报结果更为准确。云初始场信息同化应用后,在1 h的时间尺度上,即可预报出与实况更为接近的降水;0~12 h时间范围内对降水均有积极的影响,可满足短时临近预报的需求,降水量级略偏大。批量连续试验（水平分辨率为0.03°×0.03°和0.1°×0.1°）的各个量级降水ETS（equitable threat score）评分都显著提高。 相似文献
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The relationship between precipitation intensity and cloud water in typhoon systems remains unclear.This study combined time-and space-synchronized precipitation and spectral data obtained by the Precipitation Radar(PR)as well as the Visible and Infrared Scanner(VIRS)onboard the TRMM satellite,to overcome the limitations of precipitation properties and cloud parameters not being synchronized in previous studies.A merged dataset of near-surface rain rate(RR)and corresponding cloud water path(CWP)was established and used to analyze the potential correlation between cloud microphysical properties and precipitation,to deepen our understanding of the evolution of cloud to rain.In addition,25 collocated satellite overpasses of mature typhoon cases in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from 1998 to 2012 were obtained,and the relationships between the CWP and RR of 144515 pixels were analyzed in detail.The results show that the CWP and RR of mature typhoon systems with different precipitation types,precipitation cloud phases,and vertical depths of precipitation can be fitted by a notable sigmoid function,which may be useful for estimating CWP and parameterizing precipitation in models.Furthermore,the relationship was applied and tested with an independent sample to show that RR is a significant indicator of CWP. 相似文献
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Convective and Stratiform Cloud Rainfall Estimation from Geostationary Satellite Data 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The Bayes Decision (BD) method was used to distinguish the corrective and stratiform components of cloud sys-tems from GMS-4 satellite data. A technique originally developed by Adler and Negri (1988, hereafter abbreviated AN) was improved for estimating the convective and stratiform cloud precipitation areas and rates of cloud systems from GMS satellite imagery. It has been applied to a tropical cyclonic cloud cluster observed over east coast area of China on September 23, 1992, which brought about flood disaster in that region. Overlaid 6-hour surface rainfall ob-servations show that the rainfall areas and amounts match with results from improved AN technique. The successful application of the Adler and Negri’s technique to convective and stratiform clouds provides encouragement for the use of this method over large region of mid-latitude China where radar data are not fully covered. 相似文献
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利用FY-2C卫星资料、雷达资料和逐时降水资料及NCAR/NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2005年9月24-25日河南省出现的层状云降水过程进行了分析。结果表明:影响降水过程的是低槽—切变云系,切变线云系为暖云云系,结构较均匀,低槽云系主体为冷云,云顶亮温不均匀,有低亮温带结构,当东移的低槽云系与北抬的切变线云系叠加后,叠加区上有中小尺度云团活动,促使降水加强。强降水出现在700 hPa、850 hPa切变线之间及500 hPa低槽前部,并与云顶亮温的发展变化趋势表现出相似性;500 hPa槽前、700 hPa切变线北侧的降水,雨强与亮温值的对应关系不确定。这主要是由于低槽云系和切变线云系的叠加部位不仅具有深厚的湿层,而且具有较强的动力抬升和水汽辐合条件;切变线北侧处于低空辐散区且水汽条件较差,自然降水产生的条件不是很好。最后借助于FY-2C卫星资料反演的云物理参数,对低槽—切变云系的增雨潜势进行了简要分析,认为低槽—切变云系上云顶温度较高的部位符合“播云窗”概念,具有很好的增雨潜势,切变线北侧的低槽云系由于云顶温度低、低空水汽不充分,“播撒—供应”机制不能很好地建立,其增雨潜势条件也弱。 相似文献
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In this paper, a hailstorm occurring on 9 May 1999 in Huanghuai region was studied by using the combined data from the precipitation radar (PR), microwave image (TMI), and visible infrared scanner (VIRS) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. According to the 3-orbit observations of 5-h duration from the TRMM satellite, the variation characteristics of the precipitation structures as well as cloud top temperature and microwave signals of the precipitating cloud were comprehensively analyzed during the evolution of hailstorm. The results show that the precipitation is obviously converted from early hail cloud with strong convection into the later storm cloud with weak convection. For hail cloud, there exists some strong convective cells, and the heavy solid precipitation is shown at the middle-top levels so that the contribution of rainfall amount above the freezing-layer to the column precipitation amount is rather larger than that within the melting-layer. However, for storm cloud, the convective cells are surrounded by the large area of stratiform precipitation, and the precipitation thickness gradually decreases, and the rainfall above the freezing-layer obviously reduces and the contribution of rainfall amount within the melting-layer rapidly increases. Therefore, the larger ratio of rainfall amount above the freezing layer to column precipitation amount is, the more convective the cloud is; reversely, the larger proportion of rainfall below the melting layer is, the more stable the stratiform cloud is. The different changing trends of microwave signals at different precipitation stages show that it is better to consider the structures and stages of precipitating cloud to choose the optimal microwave channels to retrieve surface rainfall. 相似文献