共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
赵新苗 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,38(4):713-724
本文对目前的大洋玄武岩和华北地幔橄榄岩捕虏体的Fe-Mg-Ca同位素研究结果进行了系统的归纳和总结,并在此基础上,探讨地幔再富集作用对岩石圈地幔Fe-Mg-Ca同位素组成的影响,以期为进一步认识华北岩石圈地幔物质组成转变的方式提供新途径。统计结果表明,没有受到地幔交代作用影响的橄榄岩,其Fe-Mg-Ca同位素组成变化范围小,而地幔再富集作用会导致岩石圈地幔的Fe-Mg-Ca同位素组成明显不均一,说明地幔再富集作用是导致岩石圈地幔Fe-Mg-Ca同位素组成变化的重要机制。 相似文献
2.
地球核幔相互作用的研究难点在于无法获得实际样品。洋岛玄武岩和溢流玄武岩被认为是地幔柱减压熔融的产物,携带了核幔边界的物质信息,可作为研究地球核幔相互作用的样品。182Hf-182W同位素体系的特殊化学性质,使W同位素成为研究核幔相互作用的重要工具。本文介绍了W同位素示踪的基本原理,并回顾了核幔相互作用的W同位素研究进展。目前已发表的数据表明,全球洋岛玄武岩具有W元素丰度富集(67×10-9～855×10-9)、182W同位素亏损(μ182W=-0.1～-16.1)的特征,由此推断洋岛玄武岩可能来源于核幔平衡源区。Baffin Bay和Ontong Java Plateau溢流玄武岩则具有182W富集(μ182W=23.4)的特征,可能来源于早期地幔源区。洋岛玄武岩和溢流玄武岩的μ182W差异可能是由地幔柱头尾异质性引起。此外,引起μ182W异常的其他原因可能有：原始地幔... 相似文献
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利用地幔柱、上地幔和地壳在稀有气体同位素组成方面的明显差异,国际上在对地幔柱进行示踪和判识方面已取得了良好的效果。地幔柱的3He/4He值大于8～8.5Ra(Ra=1.4×10-6),且高于上地幔和地壳值;地幔柱的20Ne/22Ne值大于等于10.8,与上地幔值接近,但地幔柱的21Ne/22Ne值低于上地幔值;地幔柱的40Ar/36Ar值一般明显低于上地幔值;地幔柱的129Xe/130Xe和136Xe/130Xe值普遍高于上地幔和地壳值,且高于上地幔值约10%以上。中国东部新生代地幔岩的3He/4He值总体在上地幔3He/4He端员值(8±1Ra)的上下变化,与地幔柱的3He/4He值差异较大。大火成岩省(LIP)的形成与深部地幔柱的活动有关,峨眉山玄武岩是中国目前唯一被学术界普遍认可的LIP。开展包括峨眉山玄武岩在内的有关地幔柱稀有气体同位素示踪方面的研究,对于深化中国地幔柱领域的研究和推动大陆动力学研究的进程具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
皖苏鲁新生代玄武岩的Sr-Nd 同位素组成及其含义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
皖苏鲁新生代碱性玄武岩34个样品的Sr、Nd同位素组成，总的变化范围为ε°CHUR（Nd）=-4.5-6.9，ε°CHUR（Sr）=-20.4-33.1。分布在大洋玄武岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成范围内。其中江苏省六合一仪征、山东省蓬莱、栖霞和临朐等地区玄武岩同位素组成与PREMA型地幔端元相似，皖东嘉山-来安地区玄武岩具有EMI型地幔端元特征。前者来源于软流圈或更深部的地幔部分，后者来源于不均一的岩石圈地幔部分。来源于较流圈和岩石圈地幔的熔体互相作用决定了皖苏鲁新生代玄武岩 Sr-Nd 同位素地球化学特征。 相似文献
5.
五大连池、天池和腾冲火山岩Sr、Nd同位素地球化学特征与岩浆演化 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
在的年来对长白山天池火山、五大连池火山和腾冲火山三个火山区火山岩岩石学的主、微量元素研究的基础上，新做出18个火山岩Sr-Nd同位素数据，进一步讨论地幔源区特征与岩浆成因演化。五大连池富钾火山岩浆源区由原始地幔与EMI两个地幔端员混合而成，岩浆直接来自地幔，未受地壳物质明显混染和分离结晶作用影响；天池火山各阶段火山岩一致的似原始地幔特征，可能指示存在巨大的壳内岩浆房和持续的幔源岩浆的补给；腾冲火山岩的高钾钙碱性岩浆源区为由陆内壳－幔相互作用导致的原始地幔与EMⅡ两个地幔端员不同程度混合而成。 相似文献
6.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>地幔交代作用是岩石圈地幔普遍存在的现象,是改变地幔物理化学性质的重要地质过程,关系到部分熔融事件的发生及地幔来源岩浆的性质,不仅造成岩石圈地幔组成不均一性,而且是造成岩石圈地幔组成转变的重要原因。对新生代玄武岩和地幔包体的研究实例已证明,中国东部岩石圈地幔存在明显的球化学分区和地幔交代作用,并且交代作用是造成地幔同位素发生变异的重要地质过程之一。近年来,由于同位素分析技术的进步以及新型测试仪器的开发应用,Nd-Hf同位素联合示踪地幔和地壳的形成及演化历史、 相似文献
7.
Re-Os同位素体系为研究地幔的成分-结构-演化提供了新的地球化学示踪和定年的工具.上地幔Os同位素组成演化的球粒陨石模型是Re-Os体系用于地幔物质定年的基础, 尤其在采用Re亏损模式年龄和Os同位素代理等时线年龄时.综合了铁陨石和各类球粒陨石、地幔橄榄岩包体和蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿的Re-Os同位素体系研究的近期成果, 为认识对流上地幔Os同位素组成的演化提供了制约.对河北遵化蛇绿岩豆荚状铬铁矿岩的研究, 获得新太古代(2.5 Ga)时形成豆荚状铬铁矿的对流上地幔的187Os/188Os=0.110 2, 与球粒陨石型模式的一致.文献中常用的球粒陨石模式的参数如下: 地球形成时(4.558 Ga)初始值187Os/186Os为0.095 31, 现代值分别采用碳质球粒陨石的187Os/186Os比值为0.127 0和原始上地幔(PUM)的187Os/186Os比值为0.129 6, PUM与普通球粒陨石和顽火球粒陨石的187Os/186Os比值接近. 相似文献
8.
眉山玄武岩Sr、Nd、Pb同位素特征及其物源探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择峨眉山玄武岩区2个出露最全的云南永胜大迪里剖面和宾川上仓剖面进行了Sr、Nd、Pb同位素地球化学研究。结果表明，少数样品的Pb同位素与Hanan和Graharn定义的C组分相似，而大多数样品则不在C组分范围之内，说明除地幔柱物质外，有岩石圈物质的加入。在多元同位素图解上，峨眉山玄武岩位于EMⅠ、EMⅡ和DMM三端元之间，表明其源区可以由地幔柱、富集的岩石圈地幔和地壳不同程度的混合来解释。结合已有的微量元素资料分析，其中的地壳组分主要为下地壳，而早期玄武质岩浆在上升过程中由于通道不畅通，有较多的上地壳组分的混染。岩石圈地幔的富集作用可能与地幔柱释放出的小体积富Na、P而贫K的流体交代作用有关。粗面岩的同位素组成和玄武岩接近，说明粗面岩是玄武质岩浆分离结晶作用形成的。 相似文献
9.
镍(Ni)具有独特的地球化学性质，其同位素在示踪早期地球的演化、大氧化事件、雪球地球、生物大灭绝、岩浆硫化物矿床成矿作用等方面显示出重要的潜力。本文系统综述了当前高温地质过程Ni同位素研究进展。已有研究初步查明了不同地质储库的Ni同位素变化范围。基于已发表的地幔橄榄岩、MORB、OIB和科马提岩的Ni同位素数据，估算全硅酸盐地球(Bulk Silicate Earth, BSE)的δ60NiBSE均值为0.10‰±0.18‰(2SD,n=179)。根据上述已有的Ni同位素数据，并结合实验岩石学和模拟计算，发现：(1)核幔分异过程不会产生可分辨的Ni同位素分馏；(2)地幔部分熔融和玄武质岩浆结晶分异过程不会产生显著的Ni同位素分馏；(3)地幔的Ni同位素组成明显不均一，可能与地幔交代和再循环物质加入相关；(4)岩浆硫化物熔离和分离结晶可能是导致Ni同位素分馏的重要过程。本文最后介绍了最新的Ni同位素研究实例，并尝试指出研究中存在的科学问题和探讨未来的发展前景。 相似文献
10.
夏甸金矿是胶东金矿集区中一处大型焦家式矿床。文章在详尽的岩相学和矿相学研究基础上，对该矿床进一步开展
了H-O同位素并首次开展了He-Ar和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素示踪研究，为该矿床成矿流体及成矿物质来源提供了新的制约。石
英中流体包裹体的H-O同位素（δDV-SMOW=-102.3‰~-93.9‰，δ18OH2O=-0.2‰~1.6‰） 揭示出成矿流体主要为富集地幔流体，
并有少许大气降水加入；黄铁矿中He-Ar同位素[3He/4/He=0.58×10− 6~1.90×10− 6 （0.42~1.36 Ra），40Ar/36Ar=724.7~1358.4]同样
表明成矿流体以富集地幔流体为主导；矿石及蚀变岩的Nd-Pb同位素既不同于围岩花岗岩，也不同于基底变质岩，与胶东
地区中生代软流圈地幔起源的玄武岩也相差甚远，而与胶东地区中生代富集岩石圈地幔起源的煌斑岩相一致，但它们的初
始87Sr/86Sr比值明显高于煌斑岩，甚至高于围岩花岗岩。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征表明成矿流体及成矿物质来源于富集岩石圈地
幔，并在其上升过程中与基底变质岩发生了相互作用。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
14.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
15.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献