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1.
Fully softened shear strength is an important empirical engineering concept for slope stability analyses of cuts in stiff clays and compacted embankments constructed of high-plasticity clays. This concept has been used to explain many first-time failures for which the back calculated shear strength is below the peak strength measured in the laboratory. A comprehensive review of case histories and laboratory studies related to fully softened shear strength was used to assess the application of this concept. The case history data were also used to provide guidelines on the soil types for which fully softened shear strength is appropriate, how and when this shear strength should be used in slope stability analysis, and how the fully softened failure envelope should be characterized. This paper contains specific guidelines on when and how the fully softened shear strength concept should be used in slope stability analyses. 相似文献
2.
A. Sridharan T. G. Soosan Babu T. Jose B. M. Abraham 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(5):1163-1179
Due to the high demand for rubble and aggregates for construction purposes, rubble quarries and aggregate crushers are very
common. Out of the different quarry wastes, quarry dust is one, which is produced in abundance. About 20–25% of the total
production in each crusher unit is left out as the waste material-quarry dust. Bulk utilization of this waste material is
possible through geotechnical applications like embankments, back-fill material, sub-base material and the like. It becomes
a useful additive to the natural soil to improve its strength characteristics. For the above applications one of the important
engineering properties is the shear strength. The purpose of the present investigation is to understand the shear strength
behavior of quarry dust and soil-quarry dust mixes. 相似文献
3.
冰水堆积体是一种典型的混合介质,由软弱“土”与坚硬“石”构成,其参数选取和分析方法困难。利用数字图像重构方法模拟冰水堆积体结构特征,可反映块石分布特征;以基于图像识别的块石分割和颗粒离散元建模分析方法,研究了堆积体内介质分布、土体颗粒强度对混合介质力学参数的影响规律,分析了冰水堆积体变形、峰值抗剪强度及峰后段抗剪强度的变化规律。结果表明：冰水堆积体混合介质在峰值前的变形曲线呈非线性硬化性,峰后呈现塑性特性,其综合抗剪摩擦角随基质土的黏结强度提高而降低;当块石含量小于25%时,抗剪切强度近似等于基质土强度,块石含量高于25%时,抗剪切强度随块石含量增加而提高;由于受块石空间分布影响,块石含量与摩擦角间的相关性要比其与黏结强度间的高;该成果应用于云南古水水电站坝前冰水堆积体发现,含块石混合介质内摩擦角比纯土高0°～8°,与工程判断较吻合。该方法能弥补室内试验不能考虑大尺寸块石的困难,可作为室内试验获取力学参数方法的有益补充。 相似文献
4.
以某高速公路填筑试验路堤为例,基于非饱和土渗透及强度理论,采用渗流场与应力场、稳定性计算耦合的方法,对两种不同透水特性的路堤在降雨过程中孔隙水压力和稳定性系数随时间变化的特点及规律进行较为深入的探讨。结果表明,（1）透水性能较好的路堤斜坡下部降雨入渗要强于斜坡上部,透水性能较差的路堤斜坡,雨水往往以近似于均匀的形式入渗;（2）透水能力强的路堤斜坡在短暂的超强降雨或者强度较低但持续时间超长的降雨过程中,其最小稳定性系数易于出现滞后现象,一般滞后0.5～3 d,透水能力差的路堤斜坡最小稳定性系数有显著滞后特点,一般滞后7～15 d;（3）总降雨量一定、雨强大于等于50 mm/d条件下透水能力强斜坡能达到的最小稳定性系数随降雨时间增长而降低,而透水能力差的斜坡最小稳定性系数受雨强和降雨时间共同影响。 相似文献
5.
Soil-rock mixtures (S-RM) are widely distributed in mountainous regions, and there are different genetic types and scales of S-RM slopes. The stability of these slopes is very important for slope safety during the construction and operation of engineering projects. Since the mechanical properties of an S-RM are mainly dominated by its random component, accurately investigating the structure of an S-RM slope is the fundamental basis for evaluating the mechanism of a landslide. In this paper, in situ direct shear tests are used to obtain the “soil” strength parameters of the S-RM, the microtremor survey method (MSM) is introduced to detect the S-RM slope and the numerical method of FEM is utilised to simulate the failure characteristics and stability of the S-RM slope. Based on the MSM, the strata structure and proportions of solitary rock blocks in the S-RM slope are investigated, and three possible models of the S-RM slope are established. By using the strength reduction method in numerical simulations, the potential failure surface and stability of a slope of homogeneous soil and that with solitary rock blocks are discussed. The study results show that the MSM is an effective method to estimate the proportion of rock blocks in the S-RM slope. The presence of solitary rock blocks makes the slope potential slide surface complicated. The factor of safety of the S-RM slope is higher than that of the homogeneous soil slope, the rock blocks at the toe of the slope are favourable for slope stability and the rock blocks near the surface of the slope squeeze the lower soil and improve the safety factor of the slope. 相似文献
6.
考虑强度退化效应的堤坝抗震稳定性评价方法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
考虑土的动强度随振动孔隙压力上升的衰减效应,将拟静力极限平衡分析和滑动体位移分析相结合,提出了堤坝抗震稳定性评价方法.首先,基于土工动力有限元分析,确定坝坡潜在滑动土体的平均加速度时程,进而,基于拟静力概念,采用极限平衡分析,确定坝坡的安全系数随时间的变化历程,其中当安全系数瞬时小于1时,表明坝坡在地震中处于瞬时超载状态,采用Newmark刚体滑块模型估算瞬时超载所产生的滑动位移,将各个超载阶段的滑动位移叠加,求得设计地震动作用下堤坝边坡的累积滑移量,根据这种方法所进行的数值计算与分析表明,考虑强度循环退化效应后所得到的坝坡滑移量更为合理. 相似文献
7.
根据瑞典条分法和简化毕肖普法分析边坡稳定性原理,通过对抗滑桩及桩间土的稳定力矩与滑动力距进行单独分析及计算,提出基于桩体强度的路堤边坡稳定性分析桩-土分算法。采用桩-土分算法和规范法对具有不同加固桩桩径、桩间距和路堤高度的边坡稳定性及滑坡破坏特点进行分析。结果表明,桩-土分算瑞典条分法计算所得稳定系数最大,桩-土分算毕肖普法次之,规范法所得稳定系数最小。基于3种方法的路堤边坡稳定系数均随坡高增大而降低,规范法与桩-土分算法计算所得稳定系数差值,随边坡高度增大呈先增大后减小的抛物线形变化。此外,桩-土分算法分析所得边坡最不利滑面位置出现了“下移”现象,根据规范法边坡最不利圆弧滑面穿过地基加固区中部,但当路堤边坡高度为9~15 m时,桩-土分算法分析所得最不利圆弧滑面绕开了柔性桩加固区域,位于柔性桩加固区底部以下区域,且此时边坡仍然存在不稳定性。 相似文献
8.
Patrice Cannavo René Guénon Gilles Galopin Laure Vidal-Beaudet 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(18):650
Vegetation in urban areas is generally living in a stress-inducing environment. Sustaining good soil quality is crucial to improve tree development and heath in such (artificial) environment. This study investigates the dynamics of the physico-chemical properties of Technosol, and compares tree development performances in various waste mixtures. A 3-year experiment was conducted with Acer platanoïdes L. grown in three distinct constructed soils, in three replicates, in 0.480-m3 lysimeters in Angers (France). Four combinations of artefacts were studied either as “growing material” (GM) or “structural material” (SM). Three different SMs were used: (1) a mixture of fine mineral material, demolition rubble and green waste (SM-DR/GW), (2) a mixture of fine mineral material, track ballast and sewage sludge (SM-TB/SS), and (3) the SM currently used by Angers city for green space settlements (SM-CT). Waste characteristics and mixing proportions both affected tree development. Physical properties were not a limiting factor for tree development, despite a relatively low soil water reservoir due to high stone content. Moreover, the chemical properties of the materials, more particularly low water pH and CEC, led to poor tree development in SM-CT, whereas the other two SMs did not affect tree development. SM-TB/SS was the most suitable constructed soil after 3 years because it exhibited satisfactory soil nutrient contents that promoted the best tree crown quality. Waste mixtures can sustain soil functions for tree development. As for urban street tree pits that are 2–8 m3 in volume, soil water, and nutrient autonomy should satisfactorily sustain tree development. 相似文献
9.
St. Christoulas Ch. Giannaros G. Tsiambaos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1997,15(3):247-258
Summary In this Technical Note a parametric study, based on Dimaggio's (1978) approach, of the reinforcing effect of stone columns on the stability of road embankments is examined. For a certain embankment geometry, stability analyses of discrete soil and stone column elements were also carried out. The results of the above analyses are compared to the results of the analyses based on Dimaggio's approach. 相似文献
10.
The settlement of highway embankments can directly affect the structural safety of road pavement. Comprehensive assessment of the long-term settlement characteristics of highway embankments is important in highway safety management. The present study conducted long-term settlement monitoring in an embankment of the Xi’an-Xianyang Highway in Shaanxi Province, China, that was constructed with recycled construction and demolition waste. Variations in sectional settlement, cumulative settlement, differential settlement, and settlement rates were made in a barricade section and an arc-shaped protective slope section. The maximum settlement observed in the barricade section was 51.75 mm, with the embankment exhibiting “basin-shaped” settlement. The maximum settlement in the arc-shaped protective slope section was 42.22 mm, and the embankment exhibited “W-shaped” settlement. Furthermore, there were two stages of great increase in the settlement rate. Based on the results, control standards for the sectional settlement of embankments constructed with recycled construction and demolition waste are proposed. Finally, a model for predicting the long-term settlement in road embankments constructed with recycled construction and demolition waste is established based on a Weibull distribution probability density function.
相似文献11.
Stone columns in soft soil improve bearing capacity because they are stiffer than the material which they replace, and compacted stone columns produce shearing resistances which provide vertical support for overlying structures or embankments. Also stone columns accelerate the consolidation in the native surrounding soil and improve the load settlement characteristics of foundation. In this paper, the finite element method is utilized as a tool for carrying out analyses of stone column–soil systems under different conditions. A trial is made to improve the behaviour of stone column by encasing the stone column with geogrid as reinforcement material. The program CRISP-2D is used in the analysis of problems. The program allows prediction to be made of soil deformations considering Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for elastic–plastic soil behaviour. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the behaviour of standard and encased floating stone columns in different conditions. Different parameters were studied to show their effect on the bearing improvement and settlement reduction of the stone column. These include the length to diameter ratio (L/d), shear strength of the surrounding soil and, the area replacement ratio (as) and others. It was found that the maximum effective length to diameter (L/d) ratio is between (7–8) for Cu, between (20–40) kPa and between (10–11) for Cu?=?10?kPa for ordinary floating stone columns while the effective (L/d) ratio is between (7–8) for encased floating stone columns. The increase in the area replacement ratio increases the bearing improvement ratio for encased floating stone columns especially when the area replacement ratio is greater than (0.25). The geogrid encasement of stone column greatly decreases the lateral displacement compared with ordinary stone column. 相似文献
12.
针对南海荔湾3-1气田管线穿过的海底峡谷区6个典型斜坡剖面,分别采用有限元强度折减法和极限平衡法开展斜坡稳定性分析,模型考虑了土层强度随深度的变化。计算结果对比表明,有限元强度折减法与极限平衡法分析结果一致,其中与Spencer法结果最接近,稳定系数相对误差小于3.5%。重力作用下各斜坡基本处于相对稳定状态,峡谷中下部土强度较低且坡度较高的局部区域接近临界状态,峡谷头部因坡度相对较小且土体强度相对较大,其斜坡稳定系数相对较高。地震水平加速度能够明显降低该区斜坡的稳定系数,且随着加速度值的增大滑动深度逐渐变大。当水平加速度达到0.2g时峡谷中下部区域大部分会发生滑动。海底地形坡度和土层强度是影响峡谷区斜坡稳定性的主要因素,且稳定系数与滑动面对局部坡度和强度分布较为敏感,合理的稳定性评价依赖于精确的地形数据与土层力学参数。 相似文献
13.
Embankment slopes composed of spatially variable soils have a variety of different failure modes that are affected by the correlation distances of the material properties and the geometry and total length of the slope. This paper examines the reliability of soil slopes for embankments of different length and uses parallel computing to analyse very long embankments (up to 100 times the embankment height) for a clay soil characterised by a spatially varying undrained shear strength. Based on a series of analyses using the 3D random finite element method (RFEM), it is first shown that the reliability of slopes of various length can be efficiently computed by combining simple probability theory with a detailed 3D RFEM analysis of a representative shorter slope of length 10 times the slope height. RFEM predictions of reliability indices for longer slopes are then compared with results obtained using Vanmarcke's (1977a) simplified 3D method and Calle's (1985) extended 2D approach. It is shown that these methods can give significantly different results, depending on the horizontal scale of fluctuation relative to the slope length, with RFEM predicting a lower slope reliability than the Vanmarcke and Calle solutions in all cases. The differences in the solutions are evaluated and attributed to differences in the assumed and computed failure surface geometries. 相似文献
14.
This study investigates the causes and failure mechanism of the Aksu landslide that occurred during the construction of the Giresun–Espiye road between KM: 1 + 030–1 + 170 in northern Turkey and recommends proper stabilization techniques. For the purpose of investigating the causes and mechanism of this slope failure, engineering geological mapping, geotechnical investigation and rock mass characterization were performed. From top to bottom, weathered tuffite, tuffite, flysch, and dacitic tuffite were the major units in the study area. The disturbance of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope (i.e., due to the foundation excavation for the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut) led to a “translational slide”. The “translational slide” occurred in completely weathered tuffite due to the disturbance of the stability of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope, particularly for the foundation excavation of the Tünel restaurant building and for the road cut along the Giresun–Espiye road. The rise in the groundwater level was also another important factor that has contributed to the occurrence of the landslide. After establishing the geometry of the landslide in detail, the shear strength parameters of the failure surface were determined by the back analysis method. Sensitivity analyses were performed and landslide failure mechanisms were modeled to quantify the contributing factors that have caused the formation of the Aksu landslide. The influence of an earthquake was investigated through pseudostatic slope stability analysis. Toe buttressing, ground water drainage, and surface water drainage alternatives were considered for stabilizing the slope. 相似文献
15.
Hany El Naggar Pendar Soleimani Amirnezam Fakhroo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(3):867-876
Approximately 250 million tires are discarded each year in the United States and 20 million in Canada. Finding sustainable ways to dispose these tires continues to be a problem throughout the world not only in North America. Disposal issues along with a continuing increase in tire production have resulted in an increase in tire stockpiles, 30 % of these tires end up occupying valuable landfill space. Tire Derived Aggregates (TDA) made from scrap tires have a compacted dry unit weight of 6.9 kN/m3 and a specific gravity of 1.06 making their use as lightweight fill material especially for highway embankments over soft soils very advantageous. Using TDA as fill material not only provide a new construction material but also help to provide sustainable solution for several environmental and economic problems. Previous studies have shown that the addition of Tire Derived Aggregates (TDA) to sand results in a fill material which is characterized by its higher shear strength compared to that of 100 % sand. While there have been several studies investigating various properties and situations involving TDA’s, there remain areas that still require exploration. The effect of soil/aggregate gradation on shear strength is one of particular interest. All of the research conducted to date investigated only the sand gradation mixed with uniform TDA gradation. None of the conducted research investigated the interaction between the gradation of the two materials and its effect on the performance of the fill mixture. The main goal of this paper is to gain an understanding of this interaction in aim of producing better fill mixtures with enhanced characteristics. 相似文献
16.
Predictive Power Evaluation of a Physically Based Model for Shallow Landslides in the Area of Oltrepò Pavese,Northern Italy 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Roberto Valentino Claudia Meisina Lorella Montrasio Gian Luca Losi Davide Zizioli 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(4):783-805
The use of real-time landslide early warning systems is attracting the attention of the scientific community, since it allows to assess “where” and “when” a shallow rainfall-induced landslide might occur by coupling rainfall amounts, hydrological models and slope-stability analysis. The paper deals with the main results of a back analysis, which refers to the application of a physically based stability model [Shallow Landslides Instability Prediction (SLIP)] on regional scale. The analysis concerns the occurrence of some recent rainfall-induced shallow landslides in the municipal territory of Broni, in the area of Oltrepò Pavese (Northern Italy). The study area is a hilly region 2.4 km2 wide, where more than 40 % of the territory has slopes steeper than 15° and altitudes are between 90 and 250 m a.s.l. As regards the geologic setting, clayey-silty shallow colluvial deposits, with a maximum thickness of about 3 m, overlap a bedrock made of clayey shales, calcareous flysch and marls. The SLIP model is based on the limit equilibrium method applied to an infinite slope and on the Mohr–Coulomb strength criterion for the soil. By assuming that the main hydro-geotechnical process that leads to failure is the saturation of parts of the soil, the model allows to take into account the condition of partial saturation of the soil. The safety factor (F S ) of a slope is also function of previous rainfalls. After the implementation of the model at territory scale, the input data have been introduced through a geographic information systems platform. In the current paper we mainly intend to evaluate the performance of SLIP at catchment scale, by comparison to (1) observed landslide events and (2) another well-established physically based model (TRIGRS). Further, we want to assess the suitability of the model as early warning tool. The results produced by the model are analyzed both in terms of safety factor maps, corresponding to some particular rainfall events, and in terms of the time-varying percentage of unstable areas over a 2-year span period. The paper shows the comparison between observed landslide localizations and model predictions. A quantitative comparison between the SLIP model and TRIGRS is presented, only for the most important event that occurred during the analyzed period. Overall, the results of the stability analyses based on observed rainfalls show the capability of the SLIP model to predict, in real-time and on a wide area, the occurrence of the analyzed phenomena. 相似文献
17.
渤海湾西海岸带地区的路堤多为填方型式,且以滨海盐渍土为主要填料.以滨海盐渍土填筑路堤,须解决土的盐胀、溶陷和吸湿软化带来的强度下降和稳定性降低问题,以进行土的改性或固化处理.为降低工程费用,固化材料应以常规的无机材料为主,辅助少量的高分子材料.为研究滨海盐渍土填筑路堤的力学性能,完成了石灰固化土和石灰+SH固土剂固化土... 相似文献
18.
S. M. Dassanayake 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2020,14(1):41-55
ABSTRACTThere is a growing body of evidence confirming the detrimental effects of invasive wildlife activities on the performance and – ultimately – the safety of earth dams and levee systems. Modelling cavities and burrows dug by animals in earth structures is rather cumbersome due to their geometrical complexity and randomness. This study proposes the use of the probabilistic approach to estimate the risk associated with the presence of wildlife chambers in an arbitrary dam section. Two dimensional limit equilibrium slope stability analyses were conducted for a homogeneous silty sand dam. The animal chambers were modelled as idealised highly permeable circles with a near-zero strength. Uncertainty in the dam material was introduced using the Monte-Carlo technique to randomise the input parameters. The conditional probability of failure, P(F|C), was spatially evaluated by manual perturbations of chamber locations within the dam section. Using the Bayesian approach, the section was accordingly mapped into three stability zones: “safe”, “marginally safe” and “likely to fail” based on P(F|C) values associated with the chamber location. For this very complex problem, the probabilistic handling seems to provide a mathematically normalised basis for risk assessment in lieu of the classical belief-based single-value factor of safety (FoS). 相似文献
19.
实测了研究区8个自然极限状态坡建立地质模型。从地质勘探报告中收集了592组土样的土工试验数据,分地层年代统计了其物理力学指标。选取临县离石公路沿线9个工点的实验数据,统计了该区c、值的变异系数,并对其变异性进行了分析。将c、值变异系数进行组合,进行了Monte-Carlo模拟。模拟结果显示,所测8个极限状态坡稳定系数为0.96～1.14,不同变异系数组合下,失效概率多为33.0% ～61.8%。进一步对坡高为50.5m和 81.8m的自然极限状态坡进行分析,分析结果显示:对于坡高为50.5m的边坡,在变异系数取当地平均水平（COVc=0.66,COV=0.28）时,若设计要求失效概率不超过10%,则坡率不应高于1:1.81;对于坡高为81.8m的边坡,在该变异系数组合下,若设计要求失效概率不超过10%,则坡率不应高于1:1.94。 相似文献
20.
Landsliding triggered by reservoir operation: a general conceptual model with a case study at Three Gorges Reservoir 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The Three Gorge Reservoir, one of the largest civil engineering projects in human history, dams the Yangtze River to form a 660-km-long and 1.13-km-wide reservoir. Today, although the project has been completed and is in normal operation, the on-going landslide initiation and movement in response to the reservoir operating is one of the main geologic hazards. The Huangtupo (meaning “yellow soil slope” in Chinese) Slope typifies such on-going landslides along the reservoir. Observations from a multi-year monitoring program conducted on this slope indicate that there are multiple slides on the reservoir banks that move episodically into the reservoir and their movements appear to be highly correlated with the initial and seasonal changes in the reservoir pool level. A hydro-mechanical numerical model is constructed to investigate the quantitative links among the episodic movements and the variations in pore water pressure, suction stress, hydrostatic reservoir water loading, and slope self-weight induced by the fluctuating water levels. Modeling results identify regions within the variably saturated slope where significant changes in stress occur during the periods of the initial impoundment that raised water levels from 68 to 135 m and that occur in response to seasonal fluctuations of the reservoir pool level between 145 and 175 m. We find that the rise or decline of reservoir pool level can either increase or decrease the stability of landslide. In general, hydrostatic reservoir water loading has positive correlation with the stability; pore water pressure and suction stress have negative correlation with the stability; and the effects of slope self-weight depend on the dip angle and mechanical properties of sliding surface. 相似文献