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万曦 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1994,(3)
阿哈湖沉积物─水界面Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ循环的微生物影响分析万曦（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词阿哈湖，沉积物，Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ循环，微生物微生物参与的湖泊沉积地球化学作用在沉积物－水界面物质循环中具有重要意义。本文通过贵阳阿哈湖沉积物－水界面Ｆ... 相似文献
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黄河三角洲沉积物重金属、氮和磷污染研究 总被引：28，自引：5，他引：28
黄河三角洲河流、沼泽、湖坪环境主要为粉砂质沉积、重金属Cd,Pb,Zn和Hg的含量范围分别为0．07－0．30μg/g，9．7－36．3μg/g，37．4－110μg/g和0．01－0．25μg/g，Cu,Ni,Cr和Mn的含量范围分别为18．4－58．0μg/g，17．9－43．7μg/g，38．7－80．7μg/g和423－980μg/g。由于Pb,Zn,Cd和Hg的含量较低，Cu,Ni,Cr和Mn的含量与背景值无明显差别，黄河三角洲沉积可能未遭受明显的污染。黄河三角洲富粘土粒级的粉砂质沉积明显富集重金属。但若排除其影响，黄河口沉积物剖面从下至上Pb,Zn,Cd和Hg含量仍呈现上升趋势，反映出自八十年代以来黄河流域经济快速增长对环境的影响。黄河三角洲沉积物的总氮含量一般较低（110－670μg/g)，其中NH3态氮的比例仅为0．01－0．06。沉积物中总磷含量为430－760μg/g，主要为钙磷酸盐，以FePO4和AlPO4形式存在的磷的含量仅分别占0．00－0．08和0．00－0．03。因此，沉积物的氮和磷不会对环境产生较严重的影响。 相似文献
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为了解中国多金属结核开辟区沉积物有机质活性及深海成矿沉积环境特征，使用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法分析了表层沉积物氨基酸的组成状况。结果显示该区表层沉积物中氨基酸与氨基糖含量(干样)均较低，分别在0.30～0.59 mg·g-1及 0.10～0.17 mg·g-1之间。其中以中性氨基酸占绝对优势，占50%以上，其次为酸性氨基酸和含氢氧基氨基酸，分别占17%和11%，碱性氨基酸占9%，芳香与含硫氨基酸均在5%以下,表明深海沉积环境为氧化环境，且偏碱性条件。表征有机质活性的Asp/β Ala、Glu/γ Aba及DI值（（Glu+Phe+Leu+Ala+Val）/ (β Ala+γ Aba)）分别为1.1～1.9，0.8～2.2和1.4～2.9，表明该区有机质成熟度已很高。蛋白氨基酸/非蛋白氨基酸的比值为1.0～2.0，葡萄糖胺/半乳糖胺比值则在1.7～3.0之间变化，表明该海区有机质经过强烈的细菌改造，即海区存在强烈的细菌活动，活性较低，表征了多金属结核有机—微生物成矿的可能性。 相似文献
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依据2006—2016年间采集的区内475件地下水无机分析数据以及钻探岩心易溶盐测试数据,详细研究了微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布特征和富集机制。结果表明:微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布有明显的东西分区特征,湖西冲积、湖积平原区有大范围的高氟地下水,在深度0—40 m的浅层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~2 mg/L为主,仅现代黄河影响带地下水氟含量小于1 mg/L,金乡、单县、嘉祥局部超过3 mg/L,最大值9.5 mg/L;在深度150—400 m的深层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~1.5 mg/L为主,菏泽—单县条带氟含量超过2 mg/L,最大值3.5 mg/L。微山湖东冲积、洪积平原浅层孔隙地下水、深层岩溶地下水氟含量均小于1 mg/L。湖西冲积、湖积平原沉积物中可溶性氟含量随深度增加而降低。微山湖流域湖西高氟地下水形成受物质来源、淋滤和蒸发浓缩等三方面因素共同控制,CaF_2的溶解平衡是控制地下水F–含量的重要因素。 相似文献
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北京官厅水库沉积物-水界面磷的分布和迁移特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究官厅水库一个沉积物柱及上覆水体磷的含量和形态特征,指出水体中的磷以颗粒态为主,界面上覆水中磷以无机磷酸盐为主,孔隙水中以有机磷占优势;界面附近湖水中总溶解磷、总无机磷、正磷酸盐和有机磷酸盐从远离界面到界面逐渐升高,孔隙水中总溶解磷、总无机磷、正磷酸盐在界面下10 cm左右达到最大值,有机磷含量由界面向下有增加趋势;计算了沉积物-水界面磷的沉降和扩散通量,分别为1967.5μg/a@cm2和0.5μg/a@cm2,结合沉积物中矿物组成、磷与Fe、Mn、SO2-4的关系,探讨影响磷分布和迁移的影响因素. 相似文献
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喀斯特山区溪流上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物中不同形态氮的赋存特征及其迁移——以麦西河为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取贵州百花湖入湖支流麦西河为对象,研究了上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物体系氮的形态差异,结果表明:麦西河上覆水中,以硝态氮(NO-3-N)为主,氨态氮(NH+4-N)次之,亚硝态氮(NO-2-N)最低;孔隙水中,溶解无机氮中以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低;沉积物中,总氮(TN)的含量为1110.67～4413.16mg/kg;固定态铵含量为34.56～170.05mg/kg,占TN的1.47%～6.25%;可交换态氮以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低。孔隙水NH+4-N是上覆水NH+4-N的2.65～19.51倍,上覆水NO-3-N是孔隙水NO-3-N的7.14～20.43倍。沉积物TN与孔隙溶解水无机氮(DIN)、孔隙水NH+4-N、沉积物可交换态氮和沉积物可交换性NH+4-N呈显著正相关;在沉积物中,可交换性NO-3-N与可交换性NH+4-N及可交换态氮呈显著正相关,可交换性NH+4-N与可交换态氮呈极显著正相关;孔隙水溶解无机氮与孔隙水NH+4-N呈极显著正相关。麦西河不同介质中氮的迁移关系则表现为:由于浓度梯度,上覆水中的NO-3-N扩散到孔隙水中,进而累积到沉积物中;沉积物的可交换性NH+4-N,进入孔隙水,最终扩散到上覆水中。 相似文献
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近海滩涂是一类集中反映人类活动对地区环境影响的特定环境系统，其沉积物中腐殖质对排入重金属的迁移规律有显著影响。本文以渤海近岸滩涂沉积物为分析对象，提取其中腐殖酸，对Cr（Ⅲ）进行吸附性能实验分析，结果表明：0．1g的腐殖酸在室温条件下（20～25℃），pH值在4～5之间，在Cr（Ⅲ）的浓度达到800μg/mL时可达到饱和吸附，吸附量为6．5mg/g；腐殖酸对Cr（Ⅲ）的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。 相似文献
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湘西上震旦统层状硅质岩沉积环境的地球化学标志 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
湘西上震旦统层状硅质岩化学成分纯净，硅质矿物平均含量95％以上，且FeO/Fe2O3比值大于1，MnO/TiO2比值为6．1，P2O5含量极低。微量元素Sr/Ba比值小于1，稀土以总量低（5．64－31．54μg/g）和铈亏损为特征。硅质岩的δ^30Si值变化在0．0‰～0.7‰之间，硅质岩中有机碳含量较高，介于0．443％－1．993％之间，Pr/Ph比值小于1。硅质岩的上述特点反映其沉积大陆边缘斜坡半深海至大洋盆地深海环境中。 相似文献
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Protein and RNA in lake sediments tend to be decomposed progressively with time and sedimentation depth. Their concentrations
tend to decrease starting from the sedimentation depth of 17 cm and that of 19 cm, respectively. However, the products of
their decomposition —amino acids and nucleotides show different rules of variation. At the depth from 27 cm to 30 cm the amino
acids are most abundant in the pore waters of lake sediments. Such variation tendency seems to be related to the extent to
which microbes utilize amino acids and nucleotides. Due to polymerization in the geological processes and the adsorption of
protein on minerals and organic polymers, below the sedimentation depth of 17 cm there is still a certain amount of protein
in the sediments. With the time passing by, protein has been well preserved in various sediment layers, indicating that its
decomposition is relatively limited. The peak values of protein content in the sediments of the two lakes are produced in
the surface layers at the depth of 10 cm, implicating that the surface sediments are favorable to the release of protein.
The contents of amino acids in the pore waters of lake sediments are closely related to the activities of microbes. Below
the depth of 27 cm, the amino acids are significantly accumulated in Lake Aha sediments, probably indicating the weakening
of microbial activities.
The research project was financially supported jointly by the Ntional Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40173038) and
the Guizhou Provincial Foundation (No. 3090) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge-Innovation Foundation (KZCX2-105). 相似文献
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Weiyang BAI Xinbin FENG Xuewu FU Tianrong HE Guangle QIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):154-154
In order to find out whether Aha Lake was polluted by the acid mining waste water or not, the concentration and distribution of different mercuryspecies in the water columns and sediment profile collected from Aha Lake were investigated. It was found that discernible seasonal variation of different mercury species in water body were obtained in the Aha Reservoir. With regards to the whole sampling periods, the concentrations of HgP in the Aha Reservoir water body were evidently correlated to the concentrations of total mercury, showing that total mercury was mostly associated with particle mercury. The concentrations of methylmercury in water body were also evidently correlated to the concentrations of dissolved mercury. The dissolved mercury evidently affects the distribution and transportation of methylmercury. However, there is no correlation between methylmercury and total mercury. The dissolved mercury, reactive mercury, dissolved methylmercury levels in the water body of high flow period were much higher than those in low flow period. The distribution, speciation and levels of mercury within the Aha Reservoir water body were governed by several factors, such as the output of river, the release of sediment . Discernible seasonal variation of total mercury and methylmercury in porewater was described during the sampling periods, with the concentrations in high flow period generally higher than those in low flow period. The methylmercury in pore water column was evidently correlated to that of the sediment. The results indicated that highly elevated MeHgD concentrations in the porewater were produced at the depths from 2 to 5 cm in the sediment profile, and decreased sharply with depth. A positive correlation has been found between MeHgD formation and sulfate reducing bacterial activity. These highly elevated concentrations of MeHgD at the intersurface between waters and sediments suggest a favorable methylation condition. Moreover, 相似文献
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Five surface sediment samples (0–3 cm), two suspended sediment samples and a zooplankton sample from Lake Ontario were analysed for nitrogen-containing compounds. Amino acids, amino sugars, ethanolamine and urea were separated and characterized by ion-exchange chromatography. Free amino acids and soluble combined amino acids and amino sugars accounted for less than 0–25 per cent of the total nitrogen in the sediments. Insoluble combined amino acids and amino sugars were the most abundant nitrogen fraction in the sediments, making up from 49 to 55 per cent of the total nitrogen. Evidence is presented that asparagine, glutamine and citrulline are present in the interstitial waters and may make up part of the sediment organic nitrogen that was not characterized.The free amino acids released by the proteolytic enzyme, pronase, from the interstitial waters and sediment humic and fulvic acid extracts were determined. Pronase released 65 per cent of the soluble combined amino acids and 34 per cent of the fulvic acid amino acids as free amino acids. Enzyme activity was inhibited in the presence of the humic acid extract. The results indicate that the combined amino acids in the interstitial waters and fulvic acid extracts are intermediates between the primary aquatic detritus and the sediment humic acids. The enzyme experiments and infra-red data indicate that part of the sediment amino acids are combined through peptide linkages. 相似文献
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长江和汉江现代沉积物的磁学特征分析研究结果表明： 1）长江和汉江现代沉积物中铁磁性矿物均以亚铁磁性矿物为主,它们主导了样品的磁性特征。但长江沉积物比汉江沉积物亚铁磁性矿物含量要高; 2)长江和汉江沉积物的亚铁磁性矿物晶粒都以假单畴~多畴为主。相对汉江沉积物,长江沉积物磁性颗粒总体上要比汉江的粗; 3）长江沉积物中的不完全反铁磁性矿物含量比汉江高,但不完全反铁磁性矿物对沉积物磁性参数和SIRM的贡献却比汉江的小; 4）长江上游金沙江段比长江中游（宜昌-武汉）江段沉积物中亚铁磁性矿物含量要高,且长江中游沉积物样品磁性颗粒要比长江上游的偏细,这可能与搬运距离有关; 5）长江样品的磁性参数的变化区间比汉江大,数据间的相关性也比汉江差。这可能与长江较汉江流域范围广、支流多、物源复杂有密切的关系。 相似文献
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在放射性核素137Cs和210Pb精确计年的基础上,建立了长江中游网湖近代沉积物年代序列。通过对沉积物中金属元素含量和粒度的测定,结合相关的文献资料,分析了100多年来网湖沉积物中重金属元素的垂直分布特征、物源变化,以及自然因素和人类活动对其的影响,最后采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行了重金属污染评价。研究结果表明： 20世纪50年代以前,人类活动对重金属元素沉积影响不大,重金属元素含量低于或接近参考的背景值,主要表现为自然沉积。其中1920～1950年间,流域高频率的洪灾使网湖沉积物中粘土物质减少,战乱和血吸虫病造成阳新县工农业生产衰退,人口急剧下降,受此影响沉积物中重金属含量出现了一段低谷。50年代以后,随着人口的增长、经济的速猛发展,尤其是矿产开发和大规模的水利工程建设,流域水土流失加重,大量陆源物质进入湖泊,使Cu,Ti,Mn,Zn,Co,Fe和Pb含量增加。重金属污染评价结果表明： 100多年来网湖总体上污染较轻,主要污染元素为Pb; Cu和Zn在60年代后出现轻度污染; Mn在沉积物表层出现轻度污染。目前,网湖RI=40.83,生态风险较小,但作为水生生物的养殖基地,中国重要的湿地保护区,其重金属污染问题应引起有关方面的关注,以防患于未然。 相似文献
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Enzymatic and Microbial Degradation of Organic Matter in Lake Hongfeng, Guizhou Province, China 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
1IntroductionEnzymaticandmicrobialdegradationoforganicmatterhasabearingnotonlyonearlydiagene sis,butalsoonelementcyclingandmicrobedistributioninlakesediments.Somereportsshowedtheabundancevariationsoforganicmatterinsediments (BurdigeandGardner,1998;ArthurandDean ,1998;WanGuojiangetal.,2 0 0 0 ) .However,duetothecomplexchemicalcompositionoforganicmatter,mechanismsofenzymaticandmicrobialdegradationandvariationsofeachchemicalcomponentneedtobestudiedfurther.Underanoxiccondition ,SO2 -4 isanimpo… 相似文献
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Previous studies have shown that saltmarsh macrophytes have a significant influence on sediment biogeochemistry, both through
radial release of oxygen from roots and also via primary production and release of labile organic exudates from roots. To
assess the seasonal influence of the needle rush, Juncus roemarianus, on saltmarsh sediment geochemistry, pore waters and sediments were collected from the upper 50 cm of two adjacent sites,
one unvegetated and the other vegetated by Juncus roemarianus, in a Georgia saltmarsh during winter and summer. Pore waters collected at 1- to 2-cm intervals were analyzed for pH, alkalinity,
dissolved phosphate, ammonium, Fe(II), Fe(III), Mn(II), sulfide, sulfate, and organic carbon. Sediments were collected at
5-cm intervals and analyzed for iron distribution in the solid phase using a two-step sequential extraction. The upper 50 cm
of the sediment pore waters are mostly sulfidic during both winter and summer. The pore water and sediment geochemistry suggest
organic matter degradation is coupled mostly to Fe(III) and sulfate reduction. In summer, there is greater accumulation of
alkalinity, sulfide, ammonium, and phosphate in the pore waters and lower levels of ascorbate extractable Fe, which is presumed
to be comprised primarily of readily reducible Fe(III) oxides, in the sediments, consistent with higher organic matter degradation
rates in summer compared to winter. Lower pH, alkalinity, ammonium, and sulfide concentrations in sediments with Juncus, compared to nearby unvegetated sediments, is consistent with release of oxygen into the Juncus rhizosphere, especially during summer. 相似文献
18.
Hiromi Matsuda 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1978,42(7):1027-1034
A 3-m sediment core taken from Lake Suigetsu, in which a shift from fresh to brackish water occurred about three hundred years ago, has been examined for variation with depth of organic carbon and fatty acids. From the difference in total amounts of sulphur between sediments under fresh and brackish water environments, the surface sediments above approximately 35 cm depth were deduced to be accumulated under a brackish water environment. The total contents of organic carbon and fatty acids, and percentage composition of fatty acids gave discontinuous profiles above and below the 35–40 cm sediment layer. At a depth of 12.5 cm, the distribution in chain length of the fatty acids changed from a unimodal (the predominance of C12-C18 over C20-C34) to a bimodal pattern, which was mirrored by the composition diversity index (CDI).Although the fatty acids in the surface sediments (0–40 cm) from Lake Suigetsu seemed to suffer milder degradation through microbial activity than those in a core (0–150 cm) from Lake Suwa, a freshwater eutrophic lake, both lacustrine sediments showed similar trends in the alteration of fatty acid composition with depth. 相似文献
19.
Interaction of organic compounds with calcium carbonate—III. Amino acid composition of sorbed layers
Nitrogenous organic compounds in sorbed surface layers and in calcified organic matter associated with calcium carbonate sediment particles consist of 40–50% amino acids, 2% amino sugars and 25% ammonia. In grain size classes > 20 μm these compounds are mainly contained in the calcified protein of carbonate secreting organisms but with smaller grain sizes—and consequently increased specific surface area—they are contained in sorbed layers at the mineral surface. The composition of the sorbed layer is characterized by a predominance of neutral amino acids, a relative enrichment of basic and weakly polar amino acids, and a deficiency of acidic amino acids in comparison with the proteinaceous matter of calcifying organisms. The respective abundances for sorbed and calcified matter are: 505 and 380 Res./ of neutral amino acids, 262 and 450 Res./1000 of acidic amino acids, 92 and 51 Res./l000 of basic amino acids, and 141 and 129 Res./1000 of weakly polar amino acids.The composition of the sorbed layer appears to be the result of sorption of proteinaceous matter from solution since it reflects the free and peptide-bound amino acid composition of seawater. The characteristic amino acid assemblage could also be the result of preferential decomposition of protein and subsequent enrichment of neutral and basic amino acids; however, sorption from solution appears more likely since the total amount of amino acids sorbed to calcium carbonate (0.58 mg m ?2) corresponds closely to the amount of protein known to cover one m2 of aqueous substrate in monolayer arrangement. Sorption from solution is further supported by the low arginine/ornithine ratios in both the sorbed layer and the natural dissolved organic matter. This process might lead to a characteristic amino acid spectrum in fine grained calcareous sediments that reflects the composition of the dissolved organic matter in seawater rather than that of the carbonate secreting proteinaceous matter. 相似文献
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地下水资源是长江三角洲地区社会经济发展的重要后备资源。根据江苏宝应境内钻取的145m深的By1孔岩芯,沉积物粒度分析显示,钻孔20m之下有5个主要的含水层,主要是粉砂质砂层,其间是粘土质粉砂层隔水层; 在钻孔60m之下有3个厚度超过10m的含水层,显示该区域深部地下水资源十分丰富,具有较大的开发价值。宝应钻孔揭示的地下含水层上覆广泛分布末次冰盛期的硬质粘土层,对地下水资源起到明显的保护作用,未来地下水资源开发中应重视“硬粘土层”的保护和防止海水内侵,并加强深层地下水资源的科学调查与开发管理。 相似文献